Khoa hpc Giao due Gido due nude ng MUC TIEU CUA M O N TOAN TRONG CHUONG TRINH TRUNG HOC CO SÔ Of MOT s5 NU6C TREN THE GlOfl TS PHANTHILUYIN Trung tam Nghien cOu Giao due pho thong Cung cap cho HS cic[.]
Khoa hpc Giao due - -Gido due nude ng MUC TIEU CUA M O N TOAN TRONG CHUONG TRINH TRUNG HOC CO SO^ Of MOT s5 NU6C TREN THE GlOfl TS.PHANTHILUYIN Trung tam Nghien cOu Giao due thong Muc tieu giao due - Cung cap cho HS cic cdng cu , kT nang, hiiu bietTH va thai dp can thilt; - Cung cap nin ting eho nhdng HS ed the tiip tue nghien edu TH hoac cac ITnh vuc hpc t i p khae ed liln quan nhieu denTH; - Giup nudi dUdng va phit triln tai nang TH Cic KN can thilt thdng qua TH dUpc ehu trpng li: KN giao tiep, KN lam toin; KN thdng tin; KN giii quylt van de (GQVD); KN hpp tie; KN lam vile v i nghiln cdu Cie mue tieu dd edn duac eu t h i hoa qua tdng maeh kiln thde vdi viee khang djnh eie eP hdi ma CT mdn Toan tao cho HS: 2.1.1.Quy trinhTH IVIuc tieu day hoc Toan trung hoc co sd cua - Phit triln sU linh hoat, sing tao viee motsdnirdrc ap dung cac y tUdng TH va kT thuat eho cic van Trong ehUPng trinh (CT) hpe tap eua tat ca cac de phit sinh khdng quen thude cupc sdng nudc, mdn Toin diu dupe coi la mdn hpc nen hang va phit trien nang suy nghi vao ting, la mdn hpc khdng chi cd d CT trung hpe ea eie phuong phip hp da lua chpn; sd (THCS) ma edn d tat ci cac cap hpc CT mdn -Tham gia GQVD, hpe hdi de the hien y tudng, Toin cic nUde deu ehi va giii thfch vj tri mdn lang nghe va phin hdi vdi nhdng y tudng cDa Toin CTGD ngudi khic; Muc tieu mdn Toan CTGD cac nude dupc - Phat triln cac KN trinh bay va tham djnh quan trinh bay rat da dang, cd CT neu muc tieu tong trpng, sd dung TH d l kham phi va phdng doan, quit cho ca cap hpe, ed CT neu muc tieu cho tUng hpc hdi td nhdng sai lam eung nhU nhdng maeh kiln thde cap hpc Sau day la mdt sd cdng; muc tieu CT mdn Toin THCS cOa mdt sd - Phat triln eie die tinh cua tU logic, ap nude dung nhdng bdi canh khae TH va cic 2.1 Muc tiiu dgyhge Todn THCS cua Niudildn: mdn hpc khie eua CT; GDToan hpe (TH) Niudilan nham: -Tutin va cd nang luc sddung cdng nghe thdng - Giup HS phat triln nilm tin vao gia trj va tinh tin eae ngd cinh TH; hdu dung cua TH, nudi dUdng nilm tin vao - Phat trien cac KN va tU tin sd dung ngdn ngd nang TH, thuc day thinh tfeh ea nhan va khuyin rieng va ngdn ngdTH d i t h i hien y tudng TH; khich sU quan t i m va sing tao liln tue TH; - Phit trien kiln thde va KN giii thich thuyit - Phat triln eie kl nang (KN), khii niem, sU hieu trinh bang van bin TH biet va thai dp giup HS tU tin doi phd vdi cic tinh 2.1.2.S6hge hudng TH eua cude sdng hing nqay; - Phat then sU hieu biet ve eie sd, eie phep - Giup HS phat triln mdt loat eae phUOng phap tiep can 6e giii quyet cac van d l liln quan din toin; Phit trien sU ehinh xie, hieu qui va tu tin TH, phat trien kha nang suy nghT va lap luin hpp tfnh toan, tinh nham, tinh tren giay va tinh Mue tieu giao due (MTGD) la kit qui giio due (GD) can dat dupe pham vi hoat ddng GD nhit djnh Trong chuong trinh giio due (CTGD), cic MTGD dupe thilt ke cac tang bae khic nhu MTGD eua bac hpc, cap hpc, Idp hpc va mue tieu cCia tdng mdn hpc Viec xac dinh MTGD mdn hpc chiu spchi phdi cCia nhieu nhan to nhu vai trd, chdc nang eua giio due (GD), nhdng van de GD phai giai quylt; die diem cua mdn hpc; die diem tim sinh If cua hpc sinh (HS); nhu cau va dilu kien cua qudc gia, yeu td eh(x yeu la su phat trien cCia HS, yeu eau eua xa hdi va he thdng mdn hpe KHGD so 67, thang 4-2011 \ i ^ # b dgc nude ngoai Khoa hge Gido dgc vdi miy tinh; KN TH, hiiu biit va thii dp m i hp can d l thinh - Phit triln nang dudoan d l thuc hien xip cdng su nghiep va cudc sdng budc vio t h i ki XXI xl, dua kit qui hpp ly cua phep Hpc sinh dupe kich thich quan tdm den hogt 2.1.3 Do ludng - Phat trien kiln thde v i sU hiiu biet cic he dgng: Muc tieu chO ylu la lam eho HS qua tim hieu de thudng thdcTH HS dupe khuyin khich thdng ludng, sddung va giii thich; de cd ning hieu, tham gia vio cac hoat ddng - PhattrilnsutUtinva ning luc sddung dung TH Khi TH dUpe GD vdi mdt tinh than GQVD va cu, phuong tien do; HS duoc tu kham phi thi ed t h i thu hut dUPe - Du bio, tfnh toin nhdng tic ddng eua thay tateiHS ddi biln va tde dp thay ddi eCia eae biln tren cac Khi HS si hgc cdc khdi niem TH quan trgng he thdng thuc hien bdi cic md hinh TH don giin khdng chi dan gidn bdng sU ghi nhd vd thuc hdnh 2.1.4 Hinh hpc may mdc Viee hpc cua HS can t i p trung vio su - Cd kien thde v l hinh hpe hai, ba chieu; cdng hiiu biet v i iam t h i nio sddung dupe TH Vdi su nhin va dinh gii eao sUxuat hien eua hinh hpc sin cd cua cdng nghe, HS khdng can tdn nhilu thdi gian vio viec tfnh toin ma t i p trung hPn nda hai va ba chieu ddi sdng; - Phit triln tri tudng tupng khdng gian, eho su phat triln ci!ia tu v l sd, tri tudng tupng nang nhan biit, sd dung cac tinh chit hinh hpc khdng gian, KN lip luin, suy dien, HS dupe ddtra vd gidi quyet edc vdn de cd y nghia: va ddi xdng eua eie vat the cudc song hing qua thdthieh d l sddung TH theo nhdng cich cd ngay; y nghTa, phit trien lap luin v i KN GQVD, nhin - Phat trien nang sddung cie md hinh hinh hpe de giii quylt cic van de thUe te khdng tiem ning hdu ich eua TH cudc sdng Hgc sinh Idm viee vdi dehgc todn: dupe gian lim viee eung d l tim hiiu TH, hp ed the chia ZlS.Dgisd si y tudng v i phUPng phip tiep can vdi ban hpc - Cdng nhan md hinh va cic mdi quan he eung IdpcCia minh THva t h i gidi thUe; HS viet vd ndi ve ede ehu de todn hgc moi ngdy: - Phit trien ning tu trdu tupng; sd Cic em viit v i ndi ve cac chu diTH mdi ngay, suy dyng eae khai nilm, bilu tupng, kf hieu, thj va nghT va trinh bay thinh Idi de lim rd va cung cd bieu dd d l bieu thj cac mdi quan heTH; suy nghT Bing cich chia se sU hieu biltTH bang - Sddung cic bilu thdc dai so, phuong trinh de vin bin va bang mieng vdi vdi GV va ban hpe eung Idp ma HS phat triln sU tU tin d minh tutin GQVD thuc t l hpc toan; qua GV cd t h i theo ddi tiin bd cua 2.1.6 Thong ke, Xde sudt tdng HS - Cdng nhan dd lieu thdng ke phu hpp, phat May tinh nin dupc sd dung nhu td cong cu quan triln cic KN thu thap, td chdc, phin tfch dd lieu, trgng cua viic hgc : Cdng nghe dupe sd dung d l trinh biy va tdm lupe bio c i o ; hd trp day va hpc, khii niem mdi dupc trinh biy -GiiithfcheicddliludUpctrinh bay bilu qua nhdng khim phi vdi miy tinh hoac miy dd, bing bilu va thj cac loai; tinh Nhung cdng nghe cung cd t h i duac sddung - Phat triln nang Ude tfnh xac suit va sd de giup HS GQVD, vi nd dupe sd dung bdi ngUdi dung xic suit du doin Idn x i hdi HS can dupe tiip can vdi nhdng cdng cu nay, ea d trudng va sau gid hpc, bat cd 2.2 Muc tieu dgy hgc Todn THCS cua cda bang nao hp cd t h i sd dung cdng nghe d l lam TH New Jersey (Mi) Mue tilu CT mdn Toin eua bang New Jersey manh me hOn neu khai quit mue tieu ehung, sau dd cac mue 2.3 Mue tiiu dgyhge Todn THCS cua Oe tieu dupe gidi thilu theo tdng Idp Do khudn khd CT Uc da eho rang TH gid mdt vj tri trung t i m cCia bai bao nen phan sau diy chi d l cap din mue giio trinh trudng hpe khdng chi vi nd la tieu chung va cic diem nhan manh muc nin ting eo bin eho GD cua HS, ma edn bdi vl tieu cho cap THCS nd la trung tam sU phat triln ciia xa hdi va CT mdn Toan THCS cCia bang New/ Jersey tap nang canh tranh toan eau Cic CT mdn Toin tai trung vao muc tieu: kich hoat tat ci cie HS nhdng Uc nham dam bao cho HS trd thanh: tU tin, ngUdi KHGD s^ 67, thdng - 2011 61 Khoa hpc Gido due dung sing tao va truyen thdng eua TH; cd ning dilu tra, bilu thj va giii thfch tinh hudng cude sdng ea nhan eung nhU cdng viec d l trd cdng din tieh eUc; phit trien su hiiu biet khii nilm, qui tic TH; cd t h i de dat ra, GQVD v l sd hpe v i dai sd, lUdng va hinh hpe, thdng ke va xie suat cdng nhin cic kit ndi gida eie linh vUe eua TH v i eie mdn khic; yeu thich TH Mue tieu ca bin cCia CT mdn Toin d Uc l i GD HS trd cdng din nang ddng, thdng minh, giii thich the gidiTH va sddung TH de giup tao nhdng du doan va quyet djnh ve Uu tien ci nhan v i t i i chinh TH eung eho phip va lim phong phu them nghien edu va thUe hinh nhilu ITnh vUe khic Trong mdt xa hdi din chu, cd rat nhilu van d l khoa hpc va xa hdi Idn dUa hoac chju inh hudng cCia du luin, vi viy dilu quan trpng la ngUdi cdng dan ed t h i kilm tra nhdng van de bing cich sd dung va giii thich theo quan dilm TH Ngoai ra, TH ed gii tri rieng va v l dep eua nd, HS can dinh gii eao sU sang trpng v i sdc manh eua tU TH, kinh nghiem thd vj cilia TH va giao vien khuyen khich thii dp tieh eUc ddi vdi TH va hpe tap TH 2.4 Muc tiiu dgy hge Todn THCS cua Anh CTToin eua Anh eung khing djnh:TH ed ddng gdp die biet de thUc hien cac mue tieu eua CT qudc gia Ct mdn Toin cung cap cO hpl de HS trd thanh: Ngudi hgc thdnh cdng: la nhdng ngUdi biet tinh toan, sing tao va ham hieu biit, cd the GQVD - la trung t i m cda CT mdn Toin Cie khii niem then chdt, eie dng dung va y nghia cCia TH v i su hieu biet quan trpng eho phep HS tim hieu t h i gidi CT mdn Toin giup phit trien tU duy, phat trien ci nhin, eung cap eo hpl cho HS GQVD vdi nhilu phuong phip va ci giai quylt eie van de md HS ed eo hoi de xem xet eae Idi va quan niem sai lam, giup hp hiiu each thde hp hpe hdi, eung nhU d l hpc hdi td nhdng sai lam, khuyin khfeh HS lip luin va dinh gia Dd l i nhdng dilu can thilt d l trd mdt ngudi hpe cdng -Gido d^ic nu6c n g o ^ ^ kiln v i lien he tdt vdi ngudi khic Cac CT nghien cdu khuyin klifch HS vupt qua nhdng thich thde, dUa nhdng dilu mdi va eo ging bien minh cho quan dilm cua minh vdi eie bing ctidng, thdng qua thio luin v l eieh dien giii khie cda y tudng Dilu giup HS tutin giao tiep v i khuyin khich hptutin vao bin thin minh Cdng ddn cd trdch nhiem: HS cd the chuan bj cho cudc sdng v i lam viec thdng qua cac CT nghien cdu TH Nd gdp phin tao cic KN nin ting eho nang tai ehfnh ma hp se chui'n bj d l sdng an toin, trich nhiem va khde manh Nhan manh vao vile phin tfeh va neu lap luin cic tinh hudng TH giup HS chuan bj cho viec tiip cin va phin tfch cic tinh hudng thUe t l Mdt tim tri cdi md va dinh gii eao eie nin vin hda khie la dilu quan trpng cua mdt cdng dan ed trich nhiem CT mdn Toan khuyen khich HS dinh gii eao bin chat da dang cuaTH va cdng nhin vai trd cCiaTH xa hdi hien dai Thdng qua khai thac dd lieu thUe sU HS ed the tra edu thUe t l van de v i cic van d l lien quan den cdng bing x i hdi, toan cau hda v i nhdng thay ddl mdi trudng 2.S Mue tieu dgy hgc Todn THCS cua Singapo: GDTH nham giup HS: (1) Cd duac eae khai niem v i KN TH can thilt eho cudc sdng hang v i cho viec hpc t i p lien tuc TH v i cic nginh lien quan (2) Phit triln KN can thilt cho viec dng dung khai nilmva KNTH (3) Phit trien tU duyTH, KN GQVD, i p dung cic KN xiy dung v i GQVD (4) Nhan biit v i sddung kit ndi gida cicy tudng TH, gida TH va eie nganh khae (5) Xiy dung thii dp tfch cUc ddi vdi TH (6) Sd dung hieu qua cOa mpt loat cie cdng eu TH (bao gdm ei cdng eu cdng nghe thdng tin v i truyin thdng) viec hoe t i p va dng dung TH (7) Tao va sang tao tie pham giiu trf tudng tupng phat sinh td nhdng y tUdng TH Tutin cd nhdn: CT mdn Toan cung cap co hdi eho (8) Phat trien nang suy luin hc^ ly, giao tiep HS phit trien sUtUtin cie phuong phip TH, tim hiiu, hpp tie va ddc lip va kT thuat eang hien dai HS cd eo hdi d l t h i Muc tieu eua CT mdn Toin edn dupe eu t h i theo hien ^ tddng bang cich sd dung cac chiln lupc tdng ITnh vuc, eho phep HS: quen thude va dim bio Danh gia lan • Phat triln sU hieu biit ve khii niem TH v l so va tu dinh gia tao eo hdi cho phep HS xem xet nhdng gi hp dang cdva lam t h i nao d l phit triln, hpe, hinh hpc, thdng ke, dai sd • Nhin biit dupe cic mdi quan he khdng gian vi the HS cang trd nen tUtin va doe lap Chia se thdng tin phin hdi cung cho phip HS bay td y hai vaba ehilu 62 KHGD so 67, thdng 4-2011 ',;Gi|&6 dgc nude ngodi Khoa hpc Gido dge • Nhin biit duoc cac miu v i mdi quan he - SCf dung TH d l tham gia va ddng gdp eho xa TH hdi • Sddung he thdng lUdng phd biln Nhung HS ddp dng cdc muc tiiu ndy se: • Sd dung ngdn ngdTH, k^ hiiu va bilu d l - Dat dupe su hiiu biet va dinh gii cao su ddng dai diln v i giao tiep y tudng TH gdp cuaTH nhu mot khoa hpe, trilt hpc v i nghe • ThUe hien cic hoat ddng vdi: sd nguyen, phan thuat sd,sdthap phan - Cd the sd dung TH d l thUe hien v i biln minh cho quylt djnh v l t h i gidi xung quanh Sddung dung cu hinh hpc - Bay td mdt thii dp tich cUe ddi vdi TH •Thuc hiln eae phep bien doi dai sd don giin -Tham gia v i kiln tri cdng viecTH v i dU • Sddung may tfnh in • Phat trien nang tinh nham - Ddng gdp vio eae cude thio luin TH • Phit trien nang - Chap nhin rOi ro viec thUe hien nhiem • Phat trien ning dudoin, kiem tra tinh hpp vuTH ly cua cac ket qui -The hien tinh tdmd •Trinh bay va giii thfch thdng tin, dd hpa, SP dd Cac muc tieu CT toin bang Saskatchewan (Canvi bing bing hinh thdc vin bin ada) l i : • Sd dung eie khai nilm TH d i hpe de GQVD - Phit trien cie kiln thde va KN can thilt d l dip • Sd dung cdng nghe tU ddng thfch hop d l dng nhu ciu cCia ngudi lao ddng va ngudi tieu GQVD dung Dilu ed the thuc hien bing cich phit • Ap dung TH vao cac van d l cude sdng hang trien mdt sU hieu biit v l mdi quan he gida GQVD t l i i gidi thuc v i TH dupe day trUdng ngiy hpe; • Suy nghT mdt cich logic va suy kit luan • Phat trien kT ning tim hieu thdng qua cic hoat -Trd cdng dined trich nhiem, phit trien nang phan tieh djnh lupng v i giii thich thdng dpng dilu tra tin •Thudng thdcTH thdng qua mdt loat cac hoat - Cd dupc mdt nin GD tU do, phat trien KN tU ddng logic, thdi quen lam viee hieu qui va dinh gia 2.6 Muc tiiu dgy hge Todn THCS cua Canada caoTH; CTGD mdn Toin THCS cua Quebec t i p trung - Cd nang GQVD, phat trien mong mudn, su vio sU phit triln cac nang lUe, hanh ddng cd hieu tutin va ning GQVD; qui cic tinh hudng phdc tap tren nhieu bdi -Giao tiip TH; cinh Cie ning lUe TH dupe phit trien HS Theo duoi cie nghien edu siu hon ve TH va THCS gdm: cie ITnh vUcTH ed liln quan Wong/uc/: GQVD 2.7 Muc tiiu dgy hgc Todn THCS cua Viet A/dng/y'c2: Sddung lap luan TH Nam Ndng luc 3: Giao tiip bing each sd dung ngdn Mdn Toin dTHCS nham giup HS dat dUpc: ngdTH 2.7.1.Vekiin thdc: Nhdng kiln thdc eP bin ve: Trong dd mue tiiu chinh eua CT mdn Todn d - Sd va eie phep tinh tren cac tap hop sd thue bang British Columbia Id tgo dieu kien cho HS: -Tap hpp; bieu thde dai sd; phUOng trinh (bac -Tutin sCrdungTH de GQVD nhai bic hai, qui v l bac iiai); he phUOng trinh bic - Sd dung TH de hiiu rd hPn the gidi xung nhat hai an; bat phUPng trinh bac nhat mdt i n quanh - Himsdvaddthj - GiaotilpvaliluinTH - Cie quan he hinh hpe va mpt sd hinh thdng - Coi trpng va danh gii TH dung (diem, dddng thing, mat phang, hinh tam - Lim eho kit ndi gidaTH va cic dng dung eua giac, hinh da giic, hinh trdn, hinh lang tru, hinh nd hop, hinh chdp, hinh chop cut, hinh tru, hinh ndn, - Cam kit tu hpc sudt ddi hinh cau); ti sd lUpng giac cua gdc nhpn KHGD s6 67, thdng 4-2011 63 Khoa hoe Gido due -Thdng ke 27.2 l/e/C/V; Cac KN CO bin: - ThUc hien eae phip tfnh don gian tren sd thuc - Ve dupe thj ham sd bac nhat, ham sd y = ax^ - Giii thao phUPng trinh (bic nhat, bac hai, qui v l bae nhat va bac hai), he phuong trinh bae nhat hai an; bat phUPng trinh bac nhat mdt an - Ve hinh; ve bieu do; dae; tinh dp dai, gdc, diln tfeh, the tieh -Thu thap va xd If sd lieu thdng ke dPn giin - Ude lupng kit qua dae va tinh toin - Sd dung cac cdng eu do, ve, tinh toan - Suy luan va ehdng minh - Giii toin v i van dung kiln thdcTH hpe t i p va ddi sdng 2.7.3 Ve tuduy - Khi ning quan sit, dUdoin, suy luin hpp li va suy luan Idgic - Cac thao tic tU eP bin {phan tieh, tong hpp) - Cie pham chat tu duy, die biet la tU linh hoat, dpc lap va sang tao - Khi nang dien dat chfnh xac, rd rang y tUdng CLia minh va hieu dupc y tudng cUa ngUdi khae - Phit trien tri tudng tupng khdng gian 2.7.4.Ve tinh cam vd thdidg - Cd y thde tU hpc, hdng thu va tutin hpc tap - Cd ddc tinh trung thuc, can cu, vUpt khd, can than, chfnh xac, ki luat, sang tao - Cd y thde hpp tie, tran trpng qui lao dpng eua minh va eua ngUdi khae - Nhan biet dupe ve dep eua TH va yeu thfch mdn Toan -Gido dMC nude n^ Viee phii tfnh din nhu cau xa hdi khdng ehi la van de thfch dng vdi nhu eau phit triln cda xa hdi hien tai, ma cdn phii tfnh nhu eau phit triln eua xa hdi tUPng lai Su phit triln eCia HS va yeu cau cua xa hpl thudng dUpc thUe hiln thdng qua viec hpe t i p tri thdc khoa hpc Vi viy, chUPng trinh mdn iipc can dap dng sU phat trien eua HS, yeu cau cua xa hdi va yeu cau cP ban ve he thdng mdn hpc Muc tieu mdn hpe THCS cOa nhilu nUdc dUpc trinh bay theo eau true : Phan dau nlu djnh hudng khai quit nhU mdt tU tudng bao trum, sau neu cie pham chit tinh than, dao ddc can hinh va phit triln d HS, sau dd trinh bay mue tilu theo tdng Idp hpe hoac theo tdng maeh kien thde hoac theo muc tieu v l cie ITnh vUe: kiln thUe, kT nang, thai dp, Cie pham chat va ning luc neu mue tieu phii dupe cu the hoa thinh he thdng cac gia trj, bao gdm eie gii tri truyen tiidng can kithda va phit huy de gid gin bin sac din tde, cie gii trj mdi dupe hinh giai doan cdng nghiep hoi, hiln dai hoava hdi nhip quoe t l Viec nghien cdu he thdng muc tieu mdn hpe la can thiet va can dUPc tiin hanh thudng xuyIn qui trinh xay dUng va phat trien chuong trinh giao due cua eie qudc gia Viee nghien edu mue tieu cua mdn Toin dVilt Nam eung rat quan trpng de giio due cd the ddng gdp hieu qui vao qua trinh chui'n bi ngudn nhin lUcehoxi hdi Viet Nam hien dai TAI LI|U THAM KHAO Bd GD&DT, Chuang trinh gido due thdng, Chuang trinh gido due thdng edp edp THCS, NXB Giao duc,2006 Nguyen Hdu Chau, Nhdng vdn de ca bdn ve chuang trinh vd qud trinh day hoc, NXB Giio due, 2005 Chuong trinh cic nude Niudilan, New Jersey (MT), Oe, Anh, Singapo, Quebec (Canada) INCA- htttpy/inca.org.uk Ket luan SUMMARY In preparation the human resources for modern Mue tieu GD chfnh la dfch m i nhi trudng t i p trung hudng tdi vdi tat ci sU nd lUe 6e dat Vietnam the study of subject objectives - concretely duoc d mdi giai doan GD Muc tieu GD can tra Mathematics - is needed and should be done Idi cau hdi: Nha trUdng mong mudn dao tao va regularly This writing addresses the objectives of bdi dudng HS trd ngUdi nhU the nao? Mathematics (overall and specific objectives for Chde nang ca ban nhat eua CT la thue day sU knowledge stream in each level) in the curriculum phat triln cua HS, do xac djnh muc tieu of some countries as reference: New Zealand, Ne CT phai quan tam tim hieu, xem xet day du nhu Jersey (USA), Australia, UK, Singapore, Canada a cau va hdng thu, die diem tam sinh If cua HS Vietnam KHGD so 67, thang - 2011 ... edn bdi vl tieu cho cap THCS nd la trung tam sU phat triln ciia xa hdi va CT mdn Toan THCS cCia bang New/ Jersey tap nang canh tranh toan eau Cic CT mdn Toin tai trung vao muc tieu: kich hoat tat... eua hinh hpc sin cd cua cdng nghe, HS khdng can tdn nhilu thdi gian vio viec tfnh toin ma t i p trung hPn nda hai va ba chieu ddi sdng; - Phit triln tri tudng tupng khdng gian, eho su phat triln... THCS cua Oe tieu dupe gidi thilu theo tdng Idp Do khudn khd CT Uc da eho rang TH gid mdt vj tri trung t i m cCia bai bao nen phan sau diy chi d l cap din mue giio trinh trudng hpe khdng chi vi