NGHIENCDUIQ SUT DUNG THi NGHIEM NHAM N A N G CAO Hl|U QUA DAY HOC H O A HOC 6 T R U D N G TRUNG HOC PHO THONG I D i t v a n d l Miy nam qua, tuy ln sinh dgi hpe nude ta thuc hi ln theo tilu ehl 3 chun[.]
NGHIENCDUIQ SUT DUNG THi NGHIEM NHAM N A N G CAO Hl|U QUA DAY HOC HOA HOC TRUDNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG NGO THI NGQC MAI TrUAng THPT chuylii U Qu^ Ddn, Binh Djnh I.Ditvandl M i y nam qua, t u y l n sinh dgi hpe nude ta thuc hiln theo tilu ehl chung, mdn Hda hpe dupe d i n h g i l theo phuong p h i p trie nghiim Quan d i l m 'hoc gi thi ndy da l i m cho vile sd dyng thf n g h i | m d c gid l l n Idp cda GV phd thdng bj han c h i , HS thi khdng quen hpc theo kilu t y l u i n , t y minh giii quylt d e tinh hudng cd v l n d l Cic tilt hpc thyc h i n h tai phdng thf nghiim k i m hi^u q u i vl HS t i l n hinh ttif nghiim r i p khudn v i t h i l u sy sing tao cung nhu diic k i t kinh nghiim v i kT n i n g thyc h i n h Vdi mong mudn n i n g cao h i l u q u i dgy v l hpc hda hpc chung tdi d l tiln h i n h nghiin cdu phupng p h i p sddyng thi nghiim eic gid dgy II t h u y l t v i thyc h i n h tai truimg trung hpc phd thdng Vai t r o cda t h i n g h i e m t r o n g day hoc hoa hpc Thi nghiim cd vai trd r i t quan trpng nghiin cdu khoa hpe d i e b i l t dgy hpc hda hpe ' khdng thi hinh dung dugc viic gidng dgy hda hoc nhd tnfimg md lgi khdng cd quan sdt, khdng ed thf nghiim hgc tdp.' B.P Exipop [4] -Thf nghiim la n l n t i n g cOa vile dgy v i hpc hda hpc giOp HS hilu dupc b i n c h i t d c q u i trinh hda hpe n i m vdng d c khii n i l m , djnh lult, hpe thuylt hinh t h i n h k h i n i n g chuyin ddi t d t u d u y cu t h i sang t u d u y trdu tUpng v i ngupe Igi; -Thi nghiem I I d u ndi gida II t h u y l t v i thyc t l , gliip HS r I n luyin thao t i e thi nghiem, kT n i n g quan s i t h i l n tupng, p h i n tfch, g i i i thfch, chdng minh, thu t h i p v i xd If sd l i l u thuc n g h i i m Qua dd, hinh tiiinh dao ddc v i t i c phong I l m vi^c d n t h i n , k i l n tri, cham ehl, khoa hpc kf lult; - Thf nghiim gidp HS p h i t t r i l n k h i n i n g t u sing tgo, hinh t h i n h t h i gidi quan v l t b i l n chdng, t d dd n i n g cao n i l m tin v i o khoa hpe; - Cudi cOng, thf n g h i i m giup cho mdn hpc khoa hpe khdng bj khd khan, HS d l d i n g tgo dupc hdng thO hpc t i p , t d dd n i n g cao sy say m l nghiin cdu khoa hpc M^t s6 phttfcmg p h i p ca b i n silr dung thf n g h i i m day hoc hda hpc Day hpc hda hpc cd t h i sd dyng thi nghiim theo mdt cic phUong p h i p sau: - Sd dung thi nghiim theo phucmg phdp nghiin cdu.-TIln hinh thi nghiim d l nghiin cdu kiln thdc mdi; - SCf dung thf nghiim doi chdng: Dya t r i n co sd kiln thdc d i bilt, sd dung thi nghiim d l so sinh, k i l m nghiim, t d d d khic slu v i tfch luy kiln thdc - Sd dung thi nghiim hod hgc tS chCfc hogt ddng kiim nghiim gid thuyit, dudodn gid thuyit: Dya t r i n CO sd kiln thdc d i ed, p h i n tfch v i n l u cic g i i thuylt, dy d o i n khoa hpc, sau dd t i l n hinh thf nghiim di xle nhln g i l thuylt, glli thfch h i l n tupng; - set dung thi nghiim theo phUang phdp phdt hiin vd gidi quyit vdn di: Sd dung thf nghi|m d l p h i t h i l n v l n d l m l u t h u i n vdi k i l n thdc da b i l t v i tim hUdng g i i i quyet; - SCf dung thi nghiim hda hoc tS chCfc cho HS nghiin cdu tinh chdt cdc chdt: Nghiin cdu tfnh chit cOa hpp c h i t mdi dya t r i n tinh chat eiia eic chit da biet Tien trinh mot budi day thUc hanh hoa hoc theo Spickler Trong gid hpc thyc h i n h , HS khdng chf n h i n b i l t dupe mdt sd dung ey v i hda c h i t cd b i n m i cdn hinh t h i n h kl n i n g sd dyng v i tiln h i n h thi n g h i i m h i l u q u i Qua thyc t i l n g i l n g day chOng tdi t h i y phUdng p h i p dgy thyc h i n h t r u y i n thdng (GV cung e l p quy trinh t h i n g h i i m v l HS thyc h i l n m i y mdc) da l i m hgn e h l h i l u q u i cOa vile dgy hpe v i g i i m k h i n i n g t u sing tgo eOng nhu hdng thO hpe tap cOa HS X u i t p h i t t d tinh than chO dgo " l i y HS I l m trung t l m " v i myc t i l u l i m t h i n i o d l khdng ehl HS chuyin hda hpe m i c i cic HS khdng chuyin hda cQng thfch hpe hda hpe v i l i m thi n g h i i m hda hpe chiing tdi da I p dung vile ddi mdi phuong p h i p dgy thyc h i n h hda hpe theo phuong p h i p Spickler [1] Theo Spickler, mudn p h i t huy dugc tfnh tfch eye cOa vile hpc qua thyc nghiim, d n t i l n h i n h ba giai dogn: Giai dogn U Khdo sdt thdm dd: HS t y vgch eich tiln hinh hole cd t h i tim k i l m thf nghiem v i tham khIo sich g l l o khoa hole internet GV chf cung d p myc t i l u thf nghiim v l co sd If t h u y l t m i khdng cung Slf82'THANG7/2012*23 ICQI NGHieNCUDJ d p eich thdc t i l n h i n h U ml Giai dogn 2: Sdng tgo: Ylu e l u HS t y t h i l t k l eich thyc h i l n , t i l n h i n h p h i n tfch sd li|u v i hinh t h i n h g i l thilt Giai dogn 3: Khdm f^d, phdt minh vd kiim tra gid thiit qua thi nghiem Ylu d u cOa mdt t i l t dgy thi nghi|m thyc h i n h phii d i y du cic p h i n sau: • Trudc budi thi nghi|m, GV cung elp thdng tin vl: + Myc tilu thi nghiem: T i n thf nghiem, d e y l u elu d n dgt dupc cOa thf nghi|m; + Co sd li thuylt: Kiln thdc hda hpc chinh xic d l tiln h i n h thf nghiim t h i n h cdng; + Dyng cy, hda c h i t thf nghiem: Dyng ey v i hda chit d n tiiilt, d c h sd dyng v i mdt sd Idu ^ v l an t o i n sddyng t h i l t bj v l hda chit '- HS d n tim h i l u trude d e budc t i l n h i n h thi nghiim v i mdt sd tdu y d l thf n g h i i m dupe t h i n h cdng v i an t o i n •Trong budi thi nghiem: HS tiln h i n h thi nghi|m v i t y nit them mdt sd tuu 'j/ v l kT n i n g sd dung dung ey, hda c h i t cung nhu d c h thdc d l t i l n h i n h thi nghi|m t h i n h cdng; thu t h i p k i t q u i thf nghi|m GV g i i m s i t v i ed su giup dd d n t h i l t • Cudi budi thf nghiim: HS p h i n tfch k i t q u i thi nghiim v i b i o d o ; GV n h i n x i t k i t q u i , dua d u hdi kilm tra v l m d rdng So sinh phuong p h i p dgy hpc truyin thdng v i day hpc theo phucmg p h i p Spickler chdng tdi nit b i n g tdng k i t sau: TT Phucmg phip truyin thdng Kit lu$n Thudng xuyln sddyng thf nghiim v i o b i i gilng If thuylt v l dgy thyc h i n h theo phuong p h i p chO ddngt tich eye trudng trung hpe phd thdng 11 cdng vl§c h i t sdc d n thilt Nd khdng chf gdp phin nSng cao hi|u q u i truyin thy v i t i l p thu k i l n thdc khoa hgc m i cdn n i n g cao n i l m tin, sy say m l , hdng thd hpc t | p mdn Hda hpc trUdng trung hpc phd tiiflng Chung tdi hy vpng k i t q u i n g h i i n cdu n i y se gdp phin tich eye vi|e n i n g cao hi|u q u i giio due TAt L i f U THAM K H A O Keith W Prichard and R mclaran Savfyer (1994), Hand book of College teaching-theory and applicatbm, Greenwood press, Westport Conneetial London, Nguyin CUOng (2005), Thi nghiim thuchM phuang phdp dgy hgc hda hgc, NXB Dgi hpc Su phgm H i Ndi Nguyin Ngpc Quang, Nguyin Cuong, Duong Xuin Trinh (1982), i//udn day hpc/lod hoc; NXB Gllo dMC Vy g l l o dye trung hpc (2011), Tdi liiu hifdng ddn dgy hgc thi nghiim thuc hdnh trudng THPTtndn Hda hoe, Bd GD-DT {Tii li§u luu h i n h ndi bd) SUMMARY Confirming the Important role played ty experiment In teaching Chemistry, the authot lua presented several basic methods, procedures and requirements of some experiment teaching periods in Chemistry subject with an aim to enhandns effectiveness of Chemistry teachitKi in uf^r secondary schools PhUtfng phip Spickler ThlnghiSm kiim chdng, cung cdp cho HSqua Thi nghiim HS ti/khdo »it theo hudng din - Cd t h i cung cip 11 thuylt thi nghl|m ho|c ylu ciu HS, tdi liiu - Cung dip \i thuylt th[ nghiem trade tim hilu theo ylu ciu cOa GV; tiln hdnh thi nghiem; - Hudng din sit dgng thilt bj v i dung cu thi nghjlnv - Tiln hJnh thi nghiem chinh xic v i tl ml - HS trinh biy eich tiln hinli, GV iiilm tra lai tinh nhutiilJlu hudng din; thi cOa thi nghiim ho^c cho g ^ ]^; ^ - M6 t i chi tilt hi|n tUfmg, eich tinh toin, - Khdng cung cip chi tilt v l eich tiln hinh thi nghiim phin tich kit qui thi nghl|m v i glii thich eich tinh toin, phin tich kit qui v i glii thich kit qui kit qui v i hi|n tu