HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG TO CHUC HOAT DONG NHAN THVC CHO HOC SINH KHI DAV Cllc 0^1 ON TAP, TONG KCT LICH SV NguySn T^in Anh Thr&ng THPTsS 2 Qudng Hda, Qudng Trgch, Qudng Binh Cd nhilu phuang phdp vd c[.]
HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG TO CHUC HOAT DONG NHAN THVC CHO HOC SINH KHI DAV Cllc 0^1 ON TAP, TONG KCT LICH SV NguySn T^in Anh Thr&ng THPTsS Qudng Hda, Qudng Trgch, Qudng Binh C d nhilu phuang phdp vd cdch thftc tl chftc hogt ddng nhdn thftc cho hgc sinh (HS) dgy hpc ljch sft ndi chung vd dgy hgc cdc bdi dn tgp, tong kit ljch sft ndi ridng, didu dd cdng cd y nghia thiet thyc vipc doi mdi phuang p h ^ dgy hgc d tnidng thdng hipn Trong khudn kho bdi viet ndy chiing tdi neu mgt sd phuong phdp md qua qua trinh vgn dyng gidng dgy cdc bdi dn t ^ , ting ket ljch sft d tnidng thdng chp hipu qua khd quan, HS cd thd ndm kidn thftc vd vgn dyng kiln thuc mpt each linh hogt, sang tgo dya vdo nang lyc cua bdn than M$t si d$c dilm cAa loai bdi dn tdp, tdng kit lich sir Nhipm vy cua logi bdi ndy: Trdn co sd cdc sy kipn ljch sft cu the dd hgc, bdi hgc dn tgp, tong ket cung cap cho HS bftc tranh todn di^n vd cdc hi$n tugng hodc qud trinh ljch sft dd hgc vd hp thdng hod, khdi qudt hod cdc kiln thftc dd tilp tiiu Nhipm vy cfta logi bdi hoc qui djnh n§i dung, cau true vd phuang phap tiln hdnh khdc vdi bdi hpc hinh thdnh tri thftc mdi Vd ngi dung: Bdi dn tgp, tdng kit cin ndu m0t cdch khdi qudt ndi dung nhihig sy k i ^ , van de ca bdn cfta mdt giai dogn, thdi ky hay mgt qud trinh ljch sft Nhiing ngi dung chu yeu dd cd quan h^ chjt chd vdi Do ddc dilm npi dung ndn ciu tnic bdi 6n tgp, ting kit thudng gom mgt phin, hai phin hay nhieu phin nhd theo giai dogn, thdi ky qud trinh Ijch sft dd ddi hay ngdn Vi v§y, gido vidn (GV) ndn vgn dyng cau tnic bdi hpc mgt cdch mIm ddo vd cdn eft vdo ddc dilm logi bdi md tidn hdnh dn tgp, tong ket (i ddy, GV khdng trinh bdy kiln thftc mdi md hudng dan HS nhd Igi nhftng dieu dd hgc, udn ndn nhftng hilu bilt sai, bo sung, khdi qudt hod, nit nhftng kdt ludn de HS nhgn thftc sau sic, todn dipn ban Khi tiln hdnh dgy, GV can chu y: Thu hut tit cd HS tich cyc tham gia trao ddi nhimg cdu hdi ddt ra; lya chpn kiln thftc trgng tam; khdi qudt cdc sy kipn, qua trinh ljch sft da hgc nhdm giftp HS hilu sdu sic ban nhiing kiln thftc dd hpc, nang, cao nhdn thftc cua cdc em ve cdc khdi nipm, quy lugt Ijch sft^ vd khd ndng vgn dyng cdc kidn thftc da hgc vdo hogt dpng thyc tien Nguydn tdc t l chuc hoat dgng nhgn thuc cho HS day bdi on tdp, tong kit ljch sft \^pc diin^ cdc bi$n phdp su phgm nhdm tl chftc hogt dpng nhdn thftc cho HS dgy bdi dn t|ip, tong kit ljch sft theo hudng phdt huy tinh tich cyc cua HS Id cin Ihilt Song Ngiiy nh^n bdi 25/4/2012 • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DVC5081-5/2012 vdn dyng cdc bipn phdp vdo dgy hgc ljch sft d tnidng Trung hgc thdng cin phdi tudn thft cdc nguydn tdc sau: - Phdi bdm sdt chuong trinh sdch gido khoa - Qudn tript myc dich, yeu ciu cua bdi dn tdp, ting ket - Phdt buy tinh tich cyc vd tao thft hgc tgp cho HS M$t si bi^n phdp to chirc hogt dpng nb$n thuc cho HS d^y cdc bdi on tap, tong ket ljch sua To chirc dgy hoc niu vdn de Dgy hgc ndu van de Id dgy hgc tiieo hudng tich cyc hod hogt d$ng nhgn thftc cua HS, la ldm cho hogt dgng cua HS trd ndn hftng thft, trd thdnh mgt nhu ciu ciia chinh ng[udi hgc Dgy hgc ndu vin dd la cdch thftc td chftc dgy hpc gdm ba ylu td^ co bdn: tinh hudng cd van dd; bilu dgt van dl; dua HS vdo tinh hulng cd vin de vd td chftc hudng din HS tich cyc, ty gidc, sdng tgo gidi quyet van dl Dli vdi cdc logi bdi dn tgp, tdng kit, sau tgo tinh huong cd vin dl, GV khdng ndn ndu Idi giai cuoi ciing ma vgch rd logic cua qua trinh di din ldi ^ai dd Cdch trinh bdy dd nhdm kheu ggi, djnh hudng kiln thurc ca bdn cho HS, kfch fliich chu v, hiing thu cfta cdc era vao van dl^sd hgc Vi dy khi^ dgy bdi On tgp ljch sft thi gidi cdn dgi HUONG DAN QUAN LI SLT DUNG sach giao khoa ljch sft Idp 11 suy nghT dgc Igp cua cdc em Be gid dn tgp, tong kit dat (chuang trinh chuin) GV ndu md cdn rdn luypn cdch didn hidu qud, tgo hftng thu hpc tap van dd cho HS gidi quylt: So dgt trudc ddm ddng, giup cdc cho HS, tren co sd myc tieu, sanh cac cugc each mang tu em ty tin ban hong giao tilp ndi dung cfta bdi hgc, GV thilt san thdi can dai GV cd Phuang phdp tien hanh ke cdc nhipm vy hpc tdp, to thi hudng ddn cho HS bilt bdng cdch GV dua cau hdi chftc thyc hipn nhipm vy dd cac tidu chi dl so sdnh nhu: vd to chftc cdc em trao doi, thdng qua ndi dung trd choi Nguydn nhan bimg nd, dpng thdo lu^n Cdc cdu hdi dua nhu: Gidi d chft; Hdi hoa ddn lyc, lanh dgo, hinh thftc, didn khdng qud khd ciing khdng chu; Do vui hay ke chuyen bidn, kdt qud, y nghia vd hgn nen qud dd, can dua cdc cdu ljch sft Qua dd giup HS dn chd cfta cdc cudc each mgng hdi mang tinh chat nhdn thftc tdp, ciing cl kiln thftc mgt tu sdn Qua ma HS cd the Vifc hao doi, thdo ludn cd thd each tu nhidn, nhp nhdng, siifti nit ban chat cdc cugc cdch tien hdnh phgm vi tidt ddng vd hap ddn mgng tu sdn h^c Nd cd the tien hdnh Vi dy, bdi 11 Tdng Dd td chftc cho HS gidi dau gid hodc qud trinh ket Lich sft the gidi hipn dai quydt van dd hpc cdc bdi gidng dgy hay ket thuc bdi hi ndm 1945 din ndm 2000, dn tgp, tong kit ljch sft, theo hgc, chuang hay khda trinh sdch ljch sft 12 (chuang trinh chftng tdi can thyc hipn cdc Rieng doi vdi cdc bdi dn chuan) GV dua bai tgp sau: budc sau: tgp, tong ket dgy hgc lich Trinh bay ngdn gpn nhihig - Budc 1: GV neu nhung sft thi vipc sft dyng phuong bleu biet cua minh dya vdo kien thftc tft chuang hinh giup phdp thdo ludn nhdm se giup nhihig su kien va nhan vat lich HS di tft nliantiiftcdidu da bidt HS hp thing hod dugc cdc su sft tieu bieu dudi day: din rutrac ^ kit luan khdi qudt kidn, hi$n tugng ljch sft d mdi Luri Gagarin (1934vl nhftng vSn dd dd hoc, tft dd giai doan 1968); tdu vu try phuang md HS sd hidu vdn dd mdt each Vi dy dgy bdi On tgp Dong; nam 1961 sau sdc vd todn dipn Ljch sft thd gidi cgn dgi, sach Thdng 8/1967; Asean; - Budc 2: GV phdi biet chia giao khoa ljch sft lop U 28/7/1995; Vidt Nam nhd van de, td chftc cho HS thao (chuong hinh chuan) GV cd 3.Nam 1960; "Nam chdu Phi" lugn, tranh luan vdi dd the td chftc thdo lugn nhdm Ngay 01/01/1959; Cuba; khdng dinh kdt qua nhgn thftc nhu sau: Phidencaxtord - Nhdm 1: Hay neu nguyen b To chuc thdo lugn nhom GV didu khidn vipc td chiic De phat huy tfnh tich cyc nhan hiing nd, dpng luc, lanh trd chai ljch sft va rut ket cua HS dgy hgc ljch sft dgo, hinh thuc, dien bien, ket lugn khai qudt thi cd nhidu phuong phap, qua, y nghia ljch sft, hgn chd d To chic him tra ddnh gid phuang phdp thdo cfta cdc cupe Cdch mang tu Ndi td chftc kidm tra ddnh lugn nhdm la phuang phdp sdn thi ki XVI - XIX? gid dgy cac bdi on tdp, tong quan hgng Bdi, phuong phap - Nhdm 2: Hay ndu nhiing kit lich sft vi thdng qua cdc hinh nhdm giftp HS bdy td y ddc didm chung vd ddc dilm tiiftc td chftc nhgn thftc cho HS kidn cfta m^nh di^ ciing cd kidn rieng cua cdc cudc Cdch mgng md GV cd the kilm tra mftc dp Ihftc khoa hgc, long tin ve mdt til san til thi ki XVI - XIX? tidp nhan kien thftc da hpc cua vin dd ljch sft - Nhdm 3: Khdi nipm cdch HS, tren co sd dd cd thd ddnh Cd nhidu each de thao lugn mgng tu sdn (phdn bi$t vdi gia khd ndng hpc t|p cua cdc nhdm va dieu quan Id cdch mgng xa hpi chu nghia em De lam dugc didu nay, GV GV phdi dua van dd thdo vl nguydn nhan, myc djch, cd the Idem tra tryctilptrdn Idp lugn thfch hgp, tftc Id vin de lyc lugng tham gia, luc lugng thdng qua hinh thftc phdt vin hoac Idem tra vilt tft 10 din 15 dd phdi cd tinh hudng, can tdi Idnh dao, kdt qua, y nghia)? sy chia se vd hgp tac dd gidi GV dilu khiln vipc thdo lugn phut Theo chung tdi, phuang quylt Ddi vdi HS, nhftng gid nhdm, eft dai d i ^ nhdm tra ldi p h ^ ndy dugc sft dyngtiieocdc hudng sau: tiido luan nhdm khdng chi de va nitrakit lugn khdi qudt ghi nhd kiln thftc, khoi dgy c To chuc trd chai lich sir (Xem dip trang 37) TAP CHI THIFT BI GIAO DUC - SO 81 - 5/2012 • 33 HUONG DAN QUAN LI SU DUNG can sft dyng cdc kiln thftc vl tu nhien Vet Nam, ddi hdi phai sft dyng cdc trang ban dd nhu dia hinh, dit dai, khf hdu; phantichve dilu kipn phdt trien cdng nghidp cfta Trung du vd midn niii Bdc Bp phdi sft dyng nhieu trang bdn dl khdc nhau: khoang sdn, dja hinh, sdng ngdi, dan cu vd dan tgc Phuang phdp dugc thyc hi§n Id chIng xip bdn dl hdn ca sd ddn y ve ngi dung cdn tim hidu Cdch lam dan bdi bdm sdt theo dan y ciia timg trang bdn dd nhu tren, nhung phdi sft dyng nhieu trang khdc Tdi lipu tham khdo Atlat Dja li Vpt Nam, NXB Gido due, 2010 Nguyen Dftc Vii, Phan tich bdng sd lipu, vd bidu do, luge dl, dpc Atlat Dja If Vpt Nam, NXB Dgi hpc Qudc gia Hd Npi, 2011 Sdch gido khoa Dja If ldp 10, 11, 12, NXB Gido dye 2012 Summary Combined use of textbooks and Geographic Atlas is effective learning in geography subjects The process comprised the following steps: Based on the content of textbooks up outline lessons; use map reading techniques to selectively knowledge in outline had; the presentation of assignments The content presentation, each page has an outiine map separately TO CHIfC HOAT DONG NHAN THVC (Tiip trang 32) - GV cd thi kd mpt dudng bilu dien thdi gian, ydu ciu HS ddnh dau ldn dd mic phdn chia cac giai doan Ddc bi^t, dya vdo so dd, HS phdi gidi thich dugc vi Igi phdn chia nhu vgy vd neu ddc dilm nli bgt cfta timg giai dogn Trong qud hnnh HS hd ldi, GV chft ^ nhgn xdt vd sft dyng mpt si cau hdi ggi md dl giftp HS ty tiep nhdn npi dung kiln thftc - Hay GV chuan bj sdn cdc logi dd dung tryc quan quy udc dang "md" nhu so do, nien bieu, bdng so sdnh (dgng md d day cd i^hla Id ngi dung chua dugc the hidn het d trdn dftn_g tryc quan quy udc) De hieu dugc todn bp ngi dung, ddi hdi HS phdi tu dd hoan thipn kidn thftc cac logi dd diing true quan quy udc dd Vi dy, day bdi 12 "On tgp Lich sft the gidi nguyen thfty, cd vd trung dgi", sdch ljch sft 10 (Chuang trinh chuan), GV kiem dudi dgng yeu cau HS dien ndi dung vdo chd trdng bdng so sdnh cdc quoc gia cd dgi phuang Ddng vd phuang Tdy theo cdc npi dung: Qud trii^ hinh thdnh, ddc dilm kmh tl, chfnh tri vd xd hdi Kit ludn Do ddc dilm vd npi dung, ciu true cua bdi dn tgp, tong kit khdc so vdi bdi hinh thdnh hi thftc mdi ndn vipc to chftc hogt dgng dgy hgc cftng khdc NIU Ididng cd nhftng bi$n phdp td chftc hogt dgng nhdn thftc hgp ly tiii HS se khdng hftng thft hgc tgp, cam thay nhdm chdn thay eft nhic di, nhdc lai kien thftc dd hpc ddn din bdi hgc cung se kem hipu qud Vdi nhftng bi$n phap dugc de cgp bdi bdo, nlu dugc GV sft dyng hgp li se cd tdc dyng to ldn giftp HS tich cyc ban qud trinh hgc cdc bdi dn tgp, tong kit ljch sft d trudng thdng Tdi li^u tham khdo Kharlamdp LF Phdt huy tinh tich cyic hQC tap ciia HS nhu thi ndo Tap 1, NXB Gido dye Hd Ndi 1978 Ld Thj Xudn Lidn Mgtsd vdn di vi cdu hoi vd h4 thdng cdu hoi day hQC, Tgp chi Gido dye, sd 164,2007 Phan Nggc Lidn, Trinh Dinh Timg, Nguyen Thi Cdi Phuang phdp dgy hQC ljch su, tap I vd tgp II NXB Dgi hgc su phgm Ha Ndi 2002 Trjnh Dinh Tiing, Hodng Thanh Tu Vi vi4c gidng day cdc bdi on tgp, tdng kit chucmg trinh lich sti d trudng THPT Tgp chi Gido dye, sd 131 ndm 2006 Summary In this writing, we give out some features, measures to organize the knowledgable aetivitis for the students when we teach the historical revisions Through the apphcation for teaching the good revisions, the students can master the knowlege and use it creatively based on theft ability TAP CHI THIFT BI GIAO DUC - SO 81 - 5/2012 • ... ndu md cdn rdn luypn cdch didn hidu qud, tgo hftng thu hpc tap van dd cho HS gidi quylt: So dgt trudc ddm ddng, giup cdc cho HS, tren co sd myc tieu, sanh cac cugc each mang tu em ty tin ban... tdp, to thi hudng ddn cho HS bilt bdng cdch GV dua cau hdi chftc thyc hipn nhipm vy dd cac tidu chi dl so sdnh nhu: vd to chftc cdc em trao doi, thdng qua ndi dung trd choi Nguydn nhan bimg nd,... phgm vi tidt ddng vd hap ddn mgng tu sdn h^c Nd cd the tien hdnh Vi dy, bdi 11 Tdng Dd td chftc cho HS gidi dau gid hodc qud trinh ket Lich sft the gidi hipn dai quydt van dd hpc cdc bdi gidng