T A M Li H9C M N H Li H^C LtiTA TU4 l vAkV m KASSI; I JN S M I ; TAO VAO DAU Tiii KI XXI Sou hdng trl|u ndm hinh thdnh vd phdl triln, lodi ngudi mdi dpt tdi con ngudi trf t u | «Homosapiens", vd trong[.]
T A M Li H C - M N H Li H^C LtiTA T U l vAkV m KASSI; IJN: S M I ; TAO VAO DAU Tiii KI XXI Q ThS N G U Y E N TH| LlgN' ou hdng trl|u ndm hinh thdnh vd phdl triln, huy vd phdt W i n NLST eiJa minh TO mdy tfnh lodi ngudi mdi dpt tdi ngudi trf t u | ddu tiln d i n mdy tfnh hl|n dpi cdng ngdy cdng «Homosapiens", vd vdi thdp 1^^ ^ " ^ tdng CO hdi phdt huy vd phdt triln NLST cOa nguM cdc nude cdng nghilp phdt triln cao budc sang sO dyng thdi kl «hdu cdng nghilp" (1), «hdu hl|n dpi" vol Mdy tfnh bdy gid (vi di|n 10) Knh nhanh gdp kinh l l tri thOc va coc thdnh tyu tuy|t vdi, nhu hdng ft-i|u d i n hdng K Idn so vdi mdy Knh cua cdng n g h | mdi, dl ddu Id cdng nghi thdng tin nhOng ndm trv6e Dde bl|t ddng luu i* Id ngodi (may tliih, mong loon cdu ), cdng n g h | sinh hpe, phdn Knh mdy Knh dfi thu nhd k?i nhilu Idn, odn cdng n g h | vdt ll|u, vdi mpng todn cdu, dua ed phdn chuong trinh hod so vdi hvdc rdt phong nhdn lopi vd ngudi vdo thlln nlln kl mdi vd dpng Chucmg trinh hod gpi Id «phln eOng bao nhilu vdn d l mdi, Idp ^ n g nhdt vdo mim" dupc luu giO phdn cOng; f ^ n mim v^n d l ngudi, tdm If (TL) ngudi, gido ndy phy thudc rdt nhilu vdo khd ndng sdng Igo dye ngudi, phdt triln r>gudi vdi cdc ndng cua ngudi dung mdy, nh^ Id /O ndm 1990 bit lye, dd ndng lye sdng tpo (NLST) dupe chO ddu (A mgng mdy tfnh, ft> mgng nhd d^ mgng ^ d i n nhu mdt vd'n d l km torn If hpc (TLH), todn cdu Phdn m i m Id phdn sdng tpo liln tyc gido dye hpc: h-png dyng ngudi vd NLST, TO mdy Knh vd mpng mdy Knh todn cdu dd tpo Idp trung ddu tu vdo trf t u | , vdo ngudn nhdn lye n l n cdng n g h | thdng Hn • co sd v^t chdt Idm tha/ ed chdt lupng coo, md Dpi hdi XI Ddng Cdng sdn ddi ht duy, htHig dd ed ndng lye tuduys^ tgo Vi^t Norn da chi ro ndi rling, hopt ddng kinh t l - xd hdi ndi chung, Idn mdt chdt lupng mdi, ndng vol Ird dupc ndng Cdng n g h i thdng Hn (CIsnT) Mdt ddc trvng ndi bdt nhdt cua thdi dpi chung cuo tri thOe vd ndng lye sdng tpo lln mdt tdm coo ta dong sdng Id Cdng ngh$ thdng ffn (lling Anh mdi If h ^ g tri thOc sdn phdm kinh tlngdv vilt tdt: IT) CNTT Id cdng n g h | xO If thdng tin; cdng coo hon: n l n kinh l l hi thOc bdt ddu hinn thudt ngO ndy xudt hi^n tO ndm 1958 vdi hai tdc thdnh S gid Id Leovitt vd Whisler (Dpt hpe Harward, Ml) CNTT cd cdc linh vyc: n>dy Knh ed nhdn, cdng n g h | cdc W e b , ede h | thdng mpng todn cdu, cde kho dO li|u h-1 ihOc khdng Id, Hopt ddng CNTT chu y l u dupc Hln hdnh bdng mdy tfnh vd viln thdng, Irong dd khdu quan trpng nhdt Id khdu ntdy mdy tinh, rdi ntdi d i n khdu thdng tin Nguyin tdc tdng qudt dOng mdy tfnh cd ba edng dopn: 1) D6\j vdo; 2) Ngudi thao tdc xO If thdng Hn; 3) Ddu ro Kit qud ddu phy thudc rdt nhilu vdo khd ndng cOa ngudi thao tdc, nghia Id hi|u qud sO dyng mdy phy thudc vdo vdn tri thOc, hinh dd chuyin mdn vd NLST vdn dyng tri thOc vdo cdc thao tdc cOo ngudi sO dyng Quy trinh sO dyng mdy vdi cdc chuong h-lnh da edi ddt i&n mdy glOp ngudi su dyng phdt Kinh t^ hi ihOc Thudt ngO «klnh t l fri thOc" nhd kinh t l Fritz Moclup ( M ^ vd nhd kw ddng hpe ndi tilng Peter DruekttT ( ^ (2) phd blln r$ng rdi Trong nln kinh t l ndy ndi lln nhdt Id vdn dtl ngudf fndng /yc chuy6n mdn, NLST), vdn d l ngudi - mdy, vdn d l ngudi - ngudi VI vdy, n l n tdng khoa hpc md n l n Idnh t l ndy dya vdo cd tfnh chdt liln ngdnh, chdng nhung cd o k mdn Idnh l l , kr thudt, nhv khoa npc mdy tfnh, krsii,cdc nhd todn hpc, vdt If, hod, md cdn cd cdc mdn khdc, nhu Tdm ll hgc, Xd/id//»pc, N/jdn rfjOc/jpc, N6I d i n hi thOc, Iri h j | , nhu chOng la d i u b i ^ , Id ndi d i n vol trd c6 nhdn ngudi vd loo dpng cGo lOng ngudi " VKi Nikita am stf pb|H-TIMH Bfi k c «rphfM U W Tap dii BIJio due s6 CM i - g/«*ig cOng nhu Irong nhdm ngudi, h>ng ngudi vd h>ng nhdm e6 nhilm vy gidi quylt vdn d l thudng xuyIn xudt hiln tdt ed cdc khdu, h> sdng tpo tri thOe d i n h-uyin dot, vdn dyng h-1 thuc, rdi thdnh thdng Kn (luu giu, truyin tdi, Kip nhdn, xO If, sO dyng) Trong qud h-lnh ndy ludn ddi hdi NLST, d cdc h'lnh dd vd mOc dd khdc nhau, gdp phdn tpo sdn phdm kinh l l Tri thOc, thdng tin, NLST trd thdnh mpt gid h-j coo hon cdc thdi trudc TO ddy ndy sinh phpm trt «vdn ngudi* Bin cpnh sy tilp ndi cdc ddng TLH truyin thdng, nhu TLH hopt ddng (nhd't Id hpc thuylt vdn hod - ljch sO cOa L.X Vygotskl), TLH nhdn thuc, TLH hdnh vi, TLH nhdn vdn, han th^p k! qua bdt ddu hinh thdnh m^t sd'trdo luu mdi, nhu TLH tlchcvc, TLH gid tr} Vdi nhOng If h-lnh bdy h-ln, TLH sdng too cd budc phdl h-iln ddt phd Ngdy nay, gidi TLH cd nhdn thuc mdi v l vai trd cuo TLH sdng tgo (4) NLST Id ddc dilm TL chi cd d ngudi Uch sO nghiln cOu vdn d l ndy dd khd ldu; ddc bllt d i n V ^ n ngudi vd tfnh sdng tpo ChOng to d i u bilt, c6 nhilu lopi vd'n tpo nln t h i kl XX, F.Goltan (1822-1911) dilm mdt ddu nln kinh t l : ddt dai, Idi chfnh, nguyin vdt li|u mdc budc ngodt, vd nf>dt thdi kl mdi sou dd gdn thd, mdy m6e, nhd xudng, Trong qud trinh vdi tin hidi J.P.Guilford (1897-1987) Cdch ddy tpo cdc sdn phd'm kinh t l , nhu cde nhd kinh vdi thdp ^l bin cpnh vile dpc cht sd IQ, chf t i xuo noy dd ndi, khdng i h l ndo thilu y l u td sd xuc cdm (EQ), cdc nhd TLH ddt ede thong ngudi Nhung « y | u td" ndy trd thdnh mdt chf sd sdng tpo (CQ), col sy thdng minh eOo tho «vdn", nhu cdc vdn k l trSn, gpi Id «vdn ngudi d thdi dpi mdi phdl ed NLST (cdc Irnh ngudi* («(human capital") thi mdi tdi nOo sou vyc khdc nhau, cdc mOc dd khdng ddng d i u , hiiu t h i kf trudc mdi ed mdt ludn d i l m khoa hpc, qud khdng gidng ) TO dd, ed eo sd TL ludn diem ndy dupc vdn dyng vdo hopch djnh cCing CO sd xa hdi d l d l coo nhi|m vy phdi gido vd h-iln khoi qud h'lnh phdt h-iln kinh t l xd hdi dye hinh thdnh vd phdl h-lln NLST d hpc sinh (Gory S Becker, 1964) (3) Liln hi|p qudc dOng Mudn thyc hl|n myc tilu ndy, tdt nhUn, phdi quon vdo vi6c ddnh gid sy phdt triln kinh t l cdc nude tdm din NLST ndng lye su phpm cuo cdc thdnh vlgn, thdng quo ehl sd Phdt triin ngudi nhd gido Thdi nay, hon boo gid hit, nhdn mpnh (HDI), gdm hidi thp, sOc khoi vd gido dye Ngdy gido dye Id mdt gid hi dl liln vdi sy tiln hdo cOa nay, «Vdn ngudi* dupc hiiu khd rdng rdi Id lodi ngudi, vd gido dye Id mot nhdn td hdng ddu kho tri thi/c, trinh dd chuyin mdn (competence) giup t h i h i h-1 tpo Idp, phdt hiln vd phdt huy gid vd nhdn cdch tao nln khd ndng kio ddng tdm h^l bdn than (5) • ro gid hi kinh t l Vdn ngudi Id mdt ehl sd quan trpng ndng lye cpnh hranh cija tOng djo (1) Alvin Tofler "Lin song thO ba" (Nguyin V5n phuong, vung vd ed nude Ngudn tpo nln vdn Trung djch) NXB Thdng tin It ludn H 1992 ngudi Id gido dye vd kinh nghl|m thye hdnh (2) Peter Drucker The Effecttve Executive New York eOa ngudi kio d$ng N61 cdch iJidc, mudn cd 1996 v6n ngudi phong phO, du mpnh d l ed t h i cpnh (3) Gary S Becker Human Capital: A Theoretical tranh vdi cdc nudc khdc, | ^ d l ddu hr cho gido and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to dye vd cd mdi trudng loo ddng thudn Ipi, trpng Education Chicago, University Chicago Press; 1993 dyng ngudi, tin ddng ngudi tdi, khuyin khfch sdng too Vl t h i , chudn bj vdo t h i kf XXI, ede (4) Ph9m Thftnh Ngh) Gido trinh tiim li h9c sdng nude d i u tdng cudng hon boo gid hit ddu tu tfo NXB D