mvaH(fc J''''NCAY NAY SO 10 2011 Oe tiep can phifdng phap day hpc tich cifc Gf cac triTGfng DH thiTc sir CO hieu qua rii ''''Q hdn 15 nam trQdc, Nghj quydt Trung Qdng 2, Khoa VIII (1996) da djnh ro "Doi mdi[.]
mvaH(fc SO 10-2011 J'NCAY NAY Oe tiep can phifdng phap day hpc tich cifc Gf cac triTGfng DH thiTc sir CO hieu qua TRAN PHU Ml/NG TrQdng Dgi hpc Chfnh trj r 'Qii hdn 15 nam trQdc, Nghj quydt Trung Qdng 2, Khoa VIII (1996) da djnh ro: "Doi mdi manh me phu'dng phdp giao dye - ddo tao, khIc phgc Idi truyen thg mdt nieu, ren luyen thdnh nep tQ suy sang tgo cua ngUdi hpc Qng budc dp dung cac phQdng phap tien tien va phQdng In hien dgi vdo qua trinh dgy - hpc, d i m bio dieu kien vd ldi gian ty hpc, ty nghien cQu cho hpc sinh, nhat la sinh ien dgi hpc" Tren tinh than NQ Dang, Dieu 5, Lugt Giao uc (2005) quy djnh: "phQdng phdp day hpe phii phat huy nh tfch eye, ty gidc, chu dpng, tu sdng tgo cua ngudi pc; bdi dQdng cho ngQdi hpc nang IQc tQ hpc, kha ndng iQc hanh, Idng say me hpc tap va y chf vQdn len" De an ddi ldi giao dye dgi hpc giai dogn 2006 2020, xdc djnh ddi ldi phQdng phdp dao tgo theo tieu chf: "trang bj each ?c; phdt huy tinh chu dpng cua ngQdi hpc; sQ dung cdng ghe thdng tin vd truyen thdng hogt ddng day vd hpe" ghj quydt Dgi hdi XI eua Dang (2011) tiep tgc xac djnh: )di mdi chQdng trinh, npi dung, phQdng phdp day vd hpc, nQdng phdp thi, kiem tra theo hQdng hien dai" Cd the lang dinh, ddi mdi phQdng phdp day hpc d bdc dgi hpc, da b thdnh nhu d u bQc xuc, quye't tam cua Dang, Nhd nQdc i tddn ngdnh gido dgc Trdn tinh thin dd, d n nhdn thQc ju s i c rang, thQc te cudc sdng hidn khdng cdn eho nep cdc trQdng dgi hpc Viet Nam ehi dQng Igi d vide khuydn ifch ddi mdi phQdng phdp dgy hpe, ma ddi hdi bat bupc i l i ddi mdi phQdng phdp dgy hpc, bdi ddy la ccn dQdng )'ng cua gido dgc dgi hpc Viet Nam Ddi mdi phQdng phdp dgy hpc d cdc trQdng dgi hpc nhQ d ndo de cd hidu qua thQc sQ, day Id cdu hci khdng h i ddn I n , ddi hdi ngQdi lanh dgo, ngQdi quin ly, ngQdi dgy, ngQdi )c phii d i u tQ tam sQc suy nghT, tim tdi, thQ nghipm de cd lOng giai phdp khoa hpc thQc sQ; neu chi he hap ehung lung, )i chi ludn, chu quan ludn, kinh nghiem ludn khdng e gill quye't dQpc van dd nan gill ndy Trong thdi dgi bung ) cdng nghd thdng tin vd truyen thdng, da sd cdc nha khoa )e cho rang, de ndng eao chat IQpng ddo tgo dgi hpc, phai j'p can van dyng ngdy cdng nhieu hdn cdc phddng phdp ly hpe ti'ch eye Mpt sd nhd khoa hpe da de cap khai nipm, ic diem Qu trpi eua phQdng phdp day hpc tfch eye, nhQng in dd quan trpng hdn Id tiep can, van dung nd nhQ the ndc de cd hieu qua thUc sQ, lai chQa dQdc de cap thoa dang Doi mdi bao gid cung khd khan, nha't la ddi mdi phQdng phap dgy hpc dgi hpc tren cai nen tU duy, tam ly, thdi quen, dieu kien mdi trudng day hpc cdn mang nang hdi hudng tieu ndng, hanh chi'nh bao cap, bao thu quan lieu lai cdng vd cung nan giai Theo tac gia S.J.Hidalgo, cd tdi hdn 60 phQdng phap day hpc khac d bac dgi hpe, phan thdnh hai nhdm: nhdm cac phudng phap dgy hpc thu dpng vd nhdm cac phQdng phap day hpc tfch cQc Trong thQc te dgy hpc, cac nha khca hpc, giang vien da de xua't va thyc hien rat nhieu phUdng phap day hpc tfch cQc khac nhau, nhQng cdn rit ft ngQdi de cap viec danh gia hieu q u i thQc te cua cac phQdng phap Rd rang mgnh dan, san sang tidp can, van dgng cac phQdng phap dgy hpc tfch cQc Id xu hQdng, yeu d u tat yeu, la thai dp dang hpan nghdnh tran trpng, nhQng van dgng cdc phQdng phdp dgy hpe tfch cQc nhQ the ndo Igi ddi hoi ngQdi cupc phai than trpng, nghiem tuc, coi trpng hieu qua thuc te De cd the tidp can, van dgng cac phQdng phap day hpe tfch cQc vdo hdn 440 trQdng dgi hpc cac dang vdi hang tram chuyen ngdnh dao tgo, hang nghin mdn hpc khde nhau, thpo chung tdi, cdc trUdng dgi hpc, nhd't la ngQdi dgy, ngQdi hpc, ngQdi quan ly can chu y v i n dd cd b i n sau: PhQdng phdp dgy hpc tfch cQc ddi hdi ngQdi dgy, ngQdi hpc phdi dgt vd thQc hien nhieu myc tieu hdn tQng bdi hpc, men hpc cy the Dgy hpc dgi hpc hidn dgi ddi hoi phai kit hpp dgy tri thQc vdi dgy tQ duy, kT ndng, phQPng phdp Van dyng phQPng phdp dgy hpc tfch cQc khdng chi nham phdt huy tfnh tich cQc, chij ddng ciia ngQdi hpe, md edn phii hQdng den thgc hipn tdt hdn nhQng yeu d u cd ban ciia dgy hpc dgi hpc Dieu quan trpng ddi vdi giing vien khdng chi Id nhgn thQc Igi vai trd cua ngQdi dgy, ngQdi hpe, quan trpng hdn Id bid't dgt vd thQc hien dQdc nhidu mgc tieu hdn trcng tQng bdi gidng, gid giang Giing vien d n phai nam vQng npi dung bdi giing, mdn hpc, trdn cd sd dd xdc djnh phQdng phdp giang bdi hQdng vdc thgc hipn nhOng myc tieu eg the bae dgi hpc, khdng nen quan niem giln ddn rang, cQ truydn thy dung, du npi dung Id da hodn thdnh nhidm vy giing bdi, dilu quan trpng vd khd khan hdn Id phai chi re che sinh vien hieu dupe y nghTa ijch sQ, gia trj S010-2011 DauvaHpc • hidn thyc eiia cac kidn thQc trcng bdi hpc, phii gpi md, ydu d u , djnh hudng cho hp cdch phdt hipn, phd phdn vd vdn dgng kien thQc vdo giai quye't cac v i n de thyc td typng thlch vdi chuydn ngdnh ddo tgo Hpe dgi hpc hi^n dgi ddi hdi phii kd't hpp ITnh h^i tri thQc vdi tiep thu, ren luypn phQdng phap tg hpc, vdn dgng tri thQc phdt trien pham chit nhdn cdch cd nhdn vd k h i ndng gill quyd't v i n d l thgc td Ai dd tQng ndi, ndu khdng cd mgc dfch cg the thi ccn ngQdi khdng ldm dupe didu gl c l , vd khdng the lam nen cdi vTdgi ndu chi cd myc dfch t l m thQdng Ndu sinh vidn dgi hpc len giing dQdng ehi d l nghe, nhd, ghi nhQng kidn thuc nhim phgc vy eho kiem tra, thi cQ thi vipc hpc nhieu trd nen nang nd, bd budc, mang tfnh ddi phd Vdi cdch hpc nhu vay, ngQdi thiy du tdm huydt, tdi gidi mdy, cung rd't khd dp dyng cdc phQPng phdp dgy hpe tfch eye De tiep can phudng phdp dgy hpe tfch cQc, sinh vidn d n ddt nhilu mge tieu thidt thyc hdn trcng qud trinh hpc tdp, khdng chf ITnh hpi kidn thQc, md phai hpc each tim kidn thQc, phQdng phdp phd phdn, chpn Ipc, vdn dyng kien thQc vdo gill quydt ede v i n dd hpe tdp vd cdc v i n dd cua cupc sdng Phii suy nghT d i y du hdn y nghTa ciia vide hpc, hpc khdng ehi de kiem tra, thi cQ de dgt dQpc bing d p , ma hpc phdi trd thdnh qud trinh sdng tao, khang dinh ndng IQc cd nhdn kiem djnh, phdt tridn kha ndng hdi nhdp cdng ddng PhQPng phdp dgy hpc tieh cQc d bdc dgi hpc, ddi hoi ngQdi dgy, ngQdi hpc phii tan dgng tdi da cdc ngudn thdng tin phgc vg hpe tap, phii khdng ngQng gia tang, da dgng hda cdc tQdng tdc sQ phgm Trong thdi dgi bung no cdng nghe thdng tin vd truyen thdng, khdng the tidp can, van dung phQdng phdp dgy hpc tich cQc cd hidu q u i , ndu ngQdi dgy, ngQdi hpc khdng ed y thQc, kha nang tiep can, khai thdc nhidu ngudn thdng tin vdo phyc vy day vd hpc Tuy nhidn, tidp can, van dyng cdc phUdng phdp dgy hpc tfch eye d bdc dgi hpc can trdnh xu hQdng: (1) Tuyet ddi hod cdc phQdng phdp dgy hpe tich cQc dogn tuyet phe phdn cdc phQPng phdp dgy hpc truyen thdng mpt cdch cam tfnh, dp dyng trdn lan phQPng phdp dgy hpc tfch cQc vdo mpi mdn hpc, gid hpe; (2) Ddng nhd't phQPng tidn dgy hpc vdi phQdng phdp dgy hpc, khdng ndn quan nipm giln ddn rang, cQ sQ dyng dQpc ede phQPng tidn dgy hpc hidn dgi Id da tidp can phQdng phdp dgy hpc tich cQc De cd the sQ dung cd hidu qua cdc phddng tidn dgy hpc hidn dgi he trp thyc hien cdc phQdng phdp dgy hpc tfch cQc, giing vien dgi hpc d n d i u tQ nhilu hdn cho vide nghidn cQu n i m bit dgc diem ede ddi tQpng dgy hpc, chuydn ngdnh ddo tgo vd cdc mdi trQdng, dilu kidn dgy hpc ThQc td ddi hdi, de cd the ndng cao chd't IQpng dgy hpe dilu kidn bung nd cdng nghd thdng tin, truyen thdng, giing vien dgi hpc phii ludn hQdng tdi phan dd'u hodn thidn nhdm ndng IQc d n thie't: (1) ndng lyc chuydn mdn, (2) nghiep vg sU phgm, (3) k h i ndng sQ dgng, khai thdc cdc s i n pham cdng nghe thdng tin, truyln thdng hidn dgi vd (4) kha ndng nghidn cQu khoa hpc vd nam bat tinh hinh thQc t l Diem cdt loi cua phUdng phdp dgy hpc tieh cQc Id phdt huy vai trd ehii the, tfch cQc chu dpng cua ngudi hpc qud trinh hpc tap Vd'n d l ndy d n dupe nhdn thQc dung dan, phdt huy vai trd ehu ddng eua sinh vidn khdng cd nghia Id giang vidn phd mac, khodn trang cho sinh vidn vide tlm tdi, khai thdc thdng tin, tdi lieu phyc vg hpe tap, md ^NCAYNAY giing vidn phdi ddng vai trd ngQdi tQ v i n , djnh hQdng, dan dit, kidm chQng vd ddnh gid cdc qud trinh Du sinh vidn ed tdi nang d i n ddu, nhung mdi mdn hpc mdi, ngdnh hpc mdi, ddu Id nhQng "khung trdi mdi Ig" ddi vdi hp, neu khdng dQpc tQ v i n , djnh hQdng thi hp khd cd the tidp can dQpc npi dung hpc tdp, chQ chQa ndi d i n vide thd hipn vai trd chii dOng, chu thd hpc tdp Ro rdng trcng dilu kidn hidn nay, ngudi gidng vidn khdng tilp edn, khai thdc dupe nhilu ngudn thdng tin phgc vg day hpc, khd cd t h i ydu d u , kiem tra dupe tfnh tfch cQc hpc tdp cua sinh vidn, rat d l mat uy tfn, tyt hdu, ddnh md't vai trd ngUdi tu v i n , djnh hudng Nlu sinh vidn khdng cd k h i ndng tiep cdn, khai thdc nhilu ngudn thdng tin chle chan se thidu tQ tin, thy dpng hpc tap, de thidu tfnh sdng tgo vd tinh thin phd phdn qud trinh hpc tdp Cdn dd y rang, cdng nghd thdng tin vd truyln thdng da tgp mdi trudng, dilu kidn de gia tdng cdc tQdng tdc sQ phgm, dilu ndy khdng chi gdp phin da dgng hda cdc hinh thQc GD-DT, ndng cao chit iQpng GD-DT, ma cdn tdng cQdng phdt huy vai trd chu thd, tinh t h i n chu ddng tfch cQc ciia ngUdi hpc Dilu ndy da gpi md vd chQng minh rang, md rdng vd gia tang ede tQdng tdc sQ phgm Id mpt gidi phdp de tiep cdn, van dyng cdc phudng phdp dgy hpe tfch eye bdc dgi hpc cd hidu qua hdn Nhung theo phdn tfch eua mpt sd chuyen gia gido dye, mdt nhQng hgn chd cua gido due dgi hpe nQdc ta Id tQdng tde sQ phgm giQa giang vidn vd sinh vidn vd ngodi gid hpc c l thdi iQpng, hinh thQc, npi dung cdn ngheo ndn Nhidu giang vidn chua ed thdi quen, nhu d u tUdng tde thudng xuyen vdi ddng nghidp, chQa cd thdi quen tQdng tdc vdi sinh vien de gidi quydt nhQng van de lien quan ddn giing dgy vd hpe tap Nhilu giing vidn cci vide len Idp tren giing dQdng xcng id h i t nhidm vy dgy hpc, khdng chu y nim bit ede y kiln phin hdi tQ sinh vidn ThQc td cho thd'y, nhQng hidn tQpng bd't cdp trdn d i u Id nhQng tdc nhdn can trd vide tilp can, van dyng cdc phQPng phdp day hpc tfch CQc d bdc dgi hpe Rd rdng dgy hpe dgi hpc hidn dgi, ndu giang vidn khdng nd lye md rpng, gia tdng cac tQdng tdc sQ phgm vdi sinh vidn, vdi ddng nghidp, thi phQdng chdm phdt huy vai trd ehu the, tfnh tfch cQc ciia sinh vidn khdng the thyc hidn dypc thyc te PhUPng phdp dgy hpc tfch eye ddi hdi cdc hogt ddng dgy vd hogt dpng hpc phai tid'p can, tudn thu quy trinh, phUPng phdp eua hogt dpng nghidn cQu khoa hpc Day hpc dgi hpc hipn dgi chu y l u Id dgy phQPng phdp hpc, phQPng phdp nhdn thQc, phQPng phdp nghidn cQu Hpcd dgi hpc Id hpc phQdng phdp hpe, phQPng phdp nghidn cQu, dd Id qua trinh nhdn thQc cd tfnh nghidn cQu cua sinh vien Ban thdn cdc qud trinh tren deu mang tinh chd't cua nghidn cQu khoa hpe, vdy, nd ndn dupe thyc hidn theo quy trinh eua hogt dpng nghien cQu khoa hpc VI vdy, theo npi dung mdn hpc, giang vien ndn gia tang thie't kd cdc bai giang thee trat ty Idgic cua nghidn cQu khoa hpc: phdt hidn van dl/xdy dQng gia thuye't khea hpc/lap phUdng dn thu thdp thdng tin/xdy dyng ludn cQ \^ thuyet/xdy dyng ludn cii thyc nghidm/phdn tfch, binh ludn, xQ ly thdng tin/tdng hpp kdt q u i , k i t ludn, kien nghj/phdt trien y tudng mdi De bdi dudng, phdt trien, ren luydn tu sang tgo, kha ndng nghidn cQu cho sinh vidn, d n phai di.nh hudng cho hp biet suy nghT, giai quyd't cdc van de thyc te cung p h i i theo quy DauvaHpc SO 10-2011 JNCAY NAY trinh ciia hoat ddng nghien cQu khoa hpc ndi tren Ndu hogt dpng day va hpc dQdc thUc hien tren nen tang cua hogt dpng nghien cQu khoa hpc, se tgo dieu kien de phat trien kT nang, phQdng phap tQ duy, kha nang sang tao ciia ca ngQdi dgy va ngQdi hpc Can nhan mgnh them rang, mpt trQdng dai hpc thdi hien dai khdng chi la ndi truyen thg tri thQc, dao tgo nhan iQc md cdn la ndi s i n sinh tri thQc Giang vien dgi hpc thdi hien dgi phai thyc hien dUdc hai vai trd cdt tQ: giang day vd nghien cQu khoa hpc Giang vien dgi hpc phai coi nghien cQu khoa hpc khdng chi la vai trd, bdn phan, ma la mpt phQdng phap nang cao nang luc, mpt phu'dng phap dao tao, tg dao tao hien dai Khi tiep can cac phQdng phdp day hpc tfch cQc, nghien cQu khca hpc cua giang vien nen hu'dng vao phgc vy GD-DT va van de thgc tiin lien quan den chuyen nganh dao tgo Cac nha triet ly giao due tQng khuyen cao, ngQdi thay gioi khdng chi truyen thg cho ngu'di hpc kien thu'c ma phai day ngQdi hpc each tim kidn thu'c Thu'c te cho tha'y, truyen thy kien thQc che ngudi hpc thu'dng ft khd khan hdn truyen thg ky ndng, phQdng phap tu cho hp KT nang hoat dpng, phQdng phap tU la cai khdng the hpc lorn, bit chudc ngudi khde mpt each may mdc, ma phai dQdc hinh thdnh thdng qua qud trinh hoat ddng thQc tiin Neu giang vien khdng ed k h i nang, dieu kien nghien cQu khoa hpc, hoac IQdi nggi nghien cQu khoa hpc, thi khd cd the ke't hdp du'dc giQa day kidn thQc vdi day kT nang, phUdng phap cho sinh vien, va dQdng nhien khd cd the tiep can, van dgng cac phQdng phap day hpc tfch cQc cd hieu qua De ed the phat huy vai trd chu the, tinh thin chu dpng tfch eye hpc tap, bQdc chan vao giang dQdng dgi hpc, mdi sinh vien d n cd y thQc djnh hinh cdc hoat dpng hpc tap cua minh thep nguyen ly, phUdng phap ciia hogt ddng nghien cQu khoa hpe Suy nghT danh gia chi'nh xdc hodn canh, khd nang eua b i n than, s i p xdp kd hoach thdi gian, ke hogch ty hpc hdp ly Id budc khdi d i u day tu tin cho sQ nhap eudc bdc hpc mang tfnh chit nghien cQu vd sang tgo Sinh vidn hien phai mgnh dan dan thdn khang djnh minh nhQng cdng viec md trQdc ddy chi cd ngQdi thay ldm, vf dg, tQ minh phdt hien v i n dd vd nghT cdch giai quye't van de TQ minh danh gia, kiem chQng, trai nghiem hieu bidt, ndng iQc cua minh bang nhQng phQdng phap khoa hpc thfch hpp ThQc te cudc sdng da chQng to mdt cdch diy thuye't phyc rang, each hpc thy ddng t i t ydu san sinh nhOng tri thQc ydm the, dQa d i m vd thy dpng, cdch hpc sdng tgo dya tren tinh than nghien cQu khoa hpc se san sinh nhQng tri thQc ty tin vd ty chu bdi cd tinh than, kha ndng sdng tgc da dQdc dinh hinh vd tdi luydn tQ giing dQdng dgi hpc Phdt huy vai trd chii the cua ngQdi hpe d bdc dgi hpc ddi hoi "sinh vien phai Id ddng tdc gid trQc tidp cua chd't IQpng gido due ddo tgo", sinh vien dai hpc thdi khdng chi d n cd ddng ed, thai dp hpc tap nghiem tuc, md d n phii cd phQdng phdp hpc tap hidn dgi, cap nhat Hpe tap theo tinh thin nghien cQu khoa hpe la dQdng khang djnh vai trd chu the mpt cdch thuye't phgc nhd't cua cdc the hp sinh vidn hien nay, vd dd, cung Id dieu kidn can cd de cdc trQdng dgi hpe tidp can, van dyng cdc phydng phdp dgy hpc tfch eye cd hidu q u i Tie'p can, van dyng cdc phudng phdp dgy hpc tfch eye ddi hoi phai ddi mdi, da dgng hod cdc hinh thQc dgy hpc vd m phQdng phdp kiem tra, thi cQ Ly luan dgy hpc cho rang, muc lieu yeu d u dao tao (md hinh dau ra) thQdng la yeu td chi phdi nhieu nha't den each dgy, each hpc, each quan ly NhQng bidn chQng phQc tap ciia cupc sdng lai chQng to, each dgy, each hpc, each quin ly lai dang bj chi phdi nhieu nha't bdi cdch kiem tra, thi cQ Tam ly, thdi quen dgy vd hpc de ddi phd vdi thi cQ ludn bj chf trfch nhQng v i n tran day sQc sdng lan toa khap mpi vung mien Cdch hci thi, cham thi thien ve kiem tra, tai hien kien thQc da tao nhQng giang vien ludi suy nghT, ngai ddi mdi va nhQng hpc trd hpc vet, hpc til, diem thi cao, kien thQc nhieu nhUng kha nang van dung kien thQc han che Mpt nhQng han che cua dao tao dai hpc nQdc ta la nang ly thuye't, nhp thQc hanh, hinh thQc day hpc thieu phong phu, dau tU thien lech cac hinh thQc day hpc Neu dao tao dai hpc ma chu yeu tren giang dQdng, phdng thf nghiem, chu yeu hpc ly thuyet tat yeu se san sinh nhQng the he giang vien kinh vien, nhQng the he tri thQc nQa vdi, ly thuyet sudng Neu cdn tdn tai nhQng hien tQpng tren, phQdng phap dgy hpe tfch cQc d bac dai hpc rat khd cd the van hanh cd hieu qua Tiep can phu'dng phap day hpc tfch cQc nham thuc hien thing ldi cac muc tieu dao tao dai hpc ddi hoi cac trQdng dai hpc phai da dang hod, cap nhat hoa cac hinh thQc dgy hpc hien dai, phai gia tang cac hinh thQc day hpc hudng vao phat trien phQdng phap tu duy, kT nang nghe nghiep va nang iQc hoat dpng thQc tiin cho sinh vien DQdng nhien, viec gia tang cac hinh thQc day hpc hudng vao phdt trien, ren luyen kT nang hogt dpng thQc te, phQdng phap tQ cho sinh vien se rat khd khan, tdn kem Mat khac, can phai thay ddi cdch d i u tU thien lech cho cac hinh thQc dgy hpc hien Trong thyc td, hau nhQ da sd giang vien chi coi trpng dau tQ nhieu cho cac bdi giang ly thuye't, nhQng gid len Idp tren hpi trQdng, nhOng gid hpc thyc hanh, bai tap, trao ddi, thao lugn, thQdng ft dUdc coi trpng dau tu, thgm chf, nhieu trQdng hdp, ca thiy va trd coi cac gid hpc ndy nhQ la dip de "xa hdi, thQ gian" sau nhQng gid hpc ly thuydt trien mien De dieu kipn phgc vg cae hinh thQc dgy hpe thgc hdnh chQa dim bao, nen d nhieu trQdng sinh vien khdng man ma, hQng thu vdi nhQng gid hpc nay, hp coi dd Id nhQng budi hpc mang tinh chat "cUdi ngUa xem hoa", mat thdi gian, cdng sQc nhQng ft tdc dung Cdc nhd khoa hpe cho rang, ndu qud nhan mgnh kdt qua kidm tra, thi cQ se lam bidn dgng viee hpc that sQ va coi thQdng nhQng gid trj thQc td cua tri thQc Nhieu nhd khoa hpc dd xud't, de ddi mdi GD-DT phai xdc dinh ddi mdi cdch kiem tra, thi cQ Id khdu ddt phd Ddo tgo dgi hpe hien dgi nhan mgnh vai trd chu the eiia ngQdi hpc, phQdng phdp dgy hpc tich eye dd eao, khuyen khich tinh thin sdng tgo eua sinh vidn, vdy, t i t ydu, d n phai cd cd che ddnh gid ke't qua hpc tap cua sinh vidn mpt cdch tcan didn hdn, can phii suy nghT, xdy dyng cd chd ddnh gid sinh vidn qua td't ea cdc hinh thQc hpc tap, ddnh gid todn dien c l y thQc, thdi dp, phQdng phdp vd kd't q u i kiem tra, thi eua sinh vidn Cdch hdi thi phai hudng vdo kiem tra, ddnh gid trinh dp kTndng, phQdng phdp, khd ndng sdng tgo cua sinh vidn thay cho ddnh gid k h i ndng ITnh hdi, tdi hidn kien thQc ciia sinh vien, dd Id dieu vd cung quan trpng de ea ngQdi dgy vd ngQdi hpc hQng khdi, mgnh dgn tie'p can, van dgng cac phQdng phap dgy hpe tfch eye d bgc dgi hpc hien