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NGHIEN CiSU TRAO o6l T\J HQC TI/ KINH NGHI$M DE NANG CAO NANG UJC GIANG DAY PGS TS Li THI VAN HANH'''' Bii vifit die kfit t i kinh nghidm tu hoe cia bin thin tic gii bing nhidu nim trong nghd nhi giio vd[.]
NGHIEN CiSU - TRAO o l T\J HQC TI/ KINH NGHI$M DE NANG CAO NANG UJC GIANG DAY PGS.TS Li THI VAN HANH' ii vifit die kfit t i kinh nghidm tu hoe cia bin thin tic gii bing nhidu nim nghd nhi giio vdi hi vpng giip feh dupc phin nio eho cie ban tre - nhihig ngudi mufin lufin tu hoin thien minh dd thinh cfing su nghiep "trdng ngudi" Chu trinh hpc tap t i kinh nghiem Hgc t i vide tu trai nghidm (dd ed kinh nghidm) li mdt qua trinh vl gifing nhu ti't ca cic qui trinh khic, nd ed thd dugc chia nhd thiiih timg giai doan Ban hay tudng tuong vd mdt chu trinh hpc tip sinh dfing t i kinh nghidm vdi bude tlieo so dd (d cudi bai): Giai doan 1: Trai nghiim (cd kinh nghiim) Cfi hai cich dd cd dugc kinh nghidm Mdt li kinh nghidm tu dfin vdi ban mdt eieh tinh cd vl ban chi thu dfing phan ing vi cich khic II ban cd f thic tu trii nghidm dd cfi kinh nghiem mdt eieli chi ddng Viec hpc tip ning cao trinh dd cia ban se hidu qua hon ban thudng xuydn bd sung Idnii nghiem mdi qua nhttng trai nghiem ban chi ddng tao ndn VI du, tham du cie budi giang eia ddng nghidp, ban nhin thi'y cic budi hpc niy khfing hip din, thu dfing vi budn ti Nfiu ban mufin, diy chfnh li eo hfii tfit dd ban hoc Ban hay thi thuc hien tiii giang cia minh theo cich hoin toin Idiic vi trai nghidm nhttng khd khin, cdng, thit bai cia nhihig gi ban thuc hidn Giai doan 2: Suy ngdm vi kinh nghiim Nfiu ban mufin hpc t i kinh nghiem thi didu quan trgng sfing cdn II ban phai Iudn suy ngim vd nhttng gi xay ban trii nghidm thuc tidn Dfii vdi vide thuc hien bii gilng khfing theo cich mi ddng nghidp eia minh thuc hidn, ban cd thd suy ngim vd su khic ml ban da thuc hien vl kfit qua/hiu qua su thay ddi dem lai Ban eung cd the so sinh ching vdi nhttng didu ban quan sit dugc klii tham du mdt budi giing thinh cdng vi thit bai nhit Hay thu lim, ban se phit hidn dugc nhidu didu bd ich vi thi vj Giai doan 3: Rut kit Iudn til viic suy ngdm vi kinh nghiem (diiu dd trai nghiem) Giai doan kdt luin bao gdm vide phia tich eu thd va ti mi nhihig "nguyen lieu thd" t i giai doan trude dd rit kfit luin, tlm kifim cie ciu tra Idi cho nhttng didu chua bidt hole rit cie bai hgc C^c kil luin cing cu thd, cing co feh nhidu cho viec hpc tip cua ban Vi du, sau trai nghiem, viec Ip dung cic each thuc hien bii giang, dugc rit kinh nghiem tir ngudi gidi nhit vi dd nhSt, ban "phit hien" dugc didu gi cho ban thin? Vf du nhu: viec si dung cic tinh hufing giy hii hudc li rit hieu qui nhung cd thd chi hgp vdi mdt sd ngudi mi khdng hgp vdi ban; vide s i dung 22 TAP CHi QUAN if NHA NUdC - S6 184 (5-2011) B • Hpc vl$n Hdnti ctifnti N G H I E N ClfU - TRAO DOr each "da qua bong" sang sSn hoc vifin d^ ho tir giai quye't vSh d^ la mdt kinh nghifim hay nhung n^u ban khOng co kha nang ki^m soat tinh hu6ng \k co daoc cau trS 151 tu tin cua rifing ban, rflit c6 thi ban se tha't bai; viec sir dung tro choi c6 th^ thinh cong a 16p nhung lai tha't bai 16p khac; each xung h6 616p la "anh, chi" thi duoe hoan nghenh nhung Idp khSc thi chua chac; each dat va'n dg true ti^p 16p thi c6ng nhung b Idp khic thi kh6ng chan chdn Idm Sau eac ke't luSn cu thi theo ki^u nhu vay ban phai lam m6t viec kho khan hon la tra Icri cau hoi tai sao? Viec tim kig^m eac cau tra Icfi giiip ban d^n duoe v6i nhihig k^t luan co gia tri "ch^t xam" cao hon nh&ng k^t luan da eo tnrdc Vi du, d^ tra I6i cau hoi tai viec s i dung tro ehcd CO th^ c6ng d lop nhung lai thail bai cf Idp khac, ft nhat, ban phai xac dinh ducfc, cae loai tro choi phii hop v6i t&ng loai chu de; loai dd'i tuong hoc vien thich va phan ung tich cue vdi trd choi; thdi luong thich hop d^ ap dung tro choi edng; hoac each dua ket luan sau trd choi d^ hpc vien cam nhan duoe loi leh cua trd choi Chinh viec tim ki^m cau tra Idi giup ban tu hoe mdt caeh hieu qua nh^t Giai doan 4: L4p ke hoach hanh dpng cho nhiing bu^c tiep theo giiip ban tuhoan thien minh Giai doan lap k^ hoach chinh la giai doan ban phai bicTn eSc k^t luan (ma khd khan lam ban mdi ed duoe!) hanh ddng cu th^ Ai cai ti^n each thue hien bai giang cua minh Ban nen sap \6p cic hoat ddng theo nhttng tieu chi rat cu th^ (ta't nhien la ban tu quy^t dinh!), vi du: theo miic dd dS/khd: vice nao dS, ed th^ lam ma khdng cdn su hd tro tCr ben ngoai; theo mitc dd k h ^ eSip, cd th^ ethi nguy eho nhutig that bai ban dang "mdc phai"; theo miic dd quan vi lien quan true ti^p d&i chat luong bM giang cia ban; theo mic dd cdn thifi't v^ thdi gian Hoc tdp la mot qu^ trinh lien tuc trai nghiem va cai tien Bd'n giai doan qui trinh hoc tap ti kinh nghiem phu thude v&o mdt cich chat che Khdng cd giai doan nao thuc su ed nghia hoac die biet cd feh n^u tach biet khdi nhutig giai doan khac Trong thue te', ban ed th^ bat ddu hgc d ba't ki giai doan nao chu trinh va bi^n nd di^m khdi ddu eua cac giai doan sau Ban ed th^ bat ddu vide hpc t i giai doan thii bang viec ed dupc mdt thdng lin nao v^ phuong phap giang day mdi, ban can nhdc, phan tfeh d^ dua nhing ke't luan v^ di^u kien ap dung edng va nhihig yeu cdu ma ban cdn dai dupc d giai doan 3, va ban quy^t dinh xem ban cdn lam gi d^ ap dung cdng phuong phap giang day d giai doan Mat khac, ban eung ed th^ bat ddu viec hpc cua minh l i giai doan vdi vide lap k^ hoaeh eho vi6e ap dung nhing thay ddi phuong phap giang day Viec thuc hien ke hoaeh giup ban trai nghiem va giai doan tiep theo se la suy ngdm, phan ifch each ma ban da ap dung, nit nhing bai hpc cho ban than va lap ke hoach cho cac bude tiep theo de ti^p tuc eai ti6^n lam eho viec ap dung phuong phap mdi cua ban cang edng Mdt sd loi can tranh ap dung chu trinh hpc tap t i kinh nghiem Bdn giai doan hoc tap phu thudc va hd trp lan tao nen mdt chu trinh hpc tap trpn ven ma khdng cd giai doan nao hieu qua mdt each ddy du n^u chi ding rieng mdt minh Tdt ca cae giai doan d^u cd vai trd quan trpng nhu nhau, mac ddu thdi gian danh cho mdi giai doan kHdng hoan toan gidng Trong thuc t^, ed nhi^u ngudi phat tri^n viee hpc tap vdi su "thifin vj" mdt giai doan nao dd hon eac giai doan eon lai Su "thien vi" se lam "meo md" qua trinh hpc tap Thuc t^ da ching minh rang viec lam TAP CHi QUAN Lf NHA NUdC - Sd 184 (5-2011) 23 NGHlfeN C l ^ - TRAO o l eho mdt giai doan trd thinh trpng tim se lim mit di f nghTa eia cic giai doan khic Sau diy li mdt sfi vi du didn hinh: Su "thidn vj" dfii vdi giai doan trii nghiem: nhidu ngudi cho ring ed nhidu kinh nghidm eing ddng nghTa vdi viec hpc lip vi hg td thich thi dfii vdi cic hoat dfing dd trii nghifim Tuy nhien, Ichi da cd kinh nghidm mi bd qua cie giai doan tifip theo ban se khdng hgc dugc didu gi dd ein bin dd ddi mdi mfit cich "bdn vihig"! Su "thien vj" dfii vdi giai doan xem xdt lai kinh nghidm: mfit sfi ngudi cd xu hudng tri hoan vide dua nhttng kfit luin Ilm co sd cho thuc hien kfi hoaeh hinh dfing Hp mong thu thip dupe nhidu thfing tin vl phin tich dfin "te liet" nhttng trii nghiem da qua Khi khdng liinh ddng, chin chin ban se chang hgc dupe didu gi mdi! Su "thien vj" dfii vdi giai doan kfit luin: Cing cd mfit sfi ngudi cd xu hudng "nhiy cdc" dfin giai doan kfit luin bing vide tim eieh vupt qua giai doan xem xet lai kinh nghiem Khi vdi va, cic kfit luin cd thd sai vl khdng thd II cin c i giip ban hinh ddng dd tu hoan ttiidn minh! Su "tliien vj" dfii vdi giai doan lip kfi hoach cho ele bude tiep theo: gifing nhu viec ban "chdp" liy phuong hudng hinh dfing va thue hidn nd ml khdng cin cd su phin tich ein thifit Didu niy din ddn xu hudng hanh ddng dd nhin dugc "kfit qua nhanh" vl chic ehin ban se pjiai hfii tide phai bit diu qui trinh hpc tip cua minh bing viec trii nghiem nhttng tjii't bai mdi Nhat ki hpc t i p Vdi gii thuydt ring ban cd mdt trii nghidm t i viec tham du gid giang hay/dd hoac viec thuc hien mdt bii giang thinh edng/thit bai vl t i dd ban thuc su mudn tu hgc dd nlng cao ning luc giang day Lie niy, vide gtii nhit kl hpc tip se giip ban: ghi chep, md ta lai nhttng gl ban da trai nghidm; xem xet lai kinh nghiem (giai 24 doan cia chu trinh hpc tip); rit cic kdt luin (giai doan 3); lip kd hoach hinh ddng dd thuc hien bii giing cia minh tfit hon hoic theo cich khic (giai doan 4) Vide thudng xuydn ghi nhit kf hpc tip si giip ban tlm vi "chdp liy" cic eo hdi hoc tip (vi thdi quen ghi sS tay bude ban phdi tim mdt stf trai nghiim ndo dd cd y nghia) Khi ghi nhit ki hgc tip, ban hay thi tuin thi trinh tu sau: - Bit diu bing vide nghi lai vd nhing trii nghiem va lua chpn phin cd f nghTa die biet eua trii nghidm dd luu lai nhit kf Nhttng trii nghiem cd f ngbia cdn bao gdm ca nhihig didu giy can trd, kho khin ml ban mufin khic phue Ban khdng ein vifit dii vd nhihig gl trai nghidm ma nen lua chpn nhihig trai nghiem cfi y nghia dfii vdi vide hoc tip cua ban Tip trung md ta chi tifit didu ml ban da trai nghidm thue tfi Khi mfi ta ban cfi ging nhd lai cing nhidu chi tifit cang tfit vl tuyet dfii khdng Idng ghep nhihig nhin djnh chi quan eua ban Ban cfi ging tii tao lai bic tranh thue vd nhttng gl ban da uai nghiem - Phin tich didu ban da trii nghiem va rut eic kdt luin (Zlc kfit luin chfnh li nhttng didu ban ein phai hpc Ban khdng cin phii gidi ban vd sfi lugng vi u'nh kha thi cia nhttng kfit luin ml ban tim dupc Trong nhidu tinh hufing, cic kfit luin ma ban tlm thi'y chfnh II su "pha trfin" giiia nliihig didu mi ban da bifit vdi nhihig didu ban mdi bifit - CuOi cing, ban hay quyfit dinh lua chpn nhihig kdt luin cd y ngliia thifit thuc nhit dfii vfii ban dd lip kfi hoach hliih ddng vi quyfit djnh: Ilm gi va nio lira? Hiy Ilm cho kfi hoaeh hanh ddng eia ban cing eu thd cing tfit vi Ilm nhu vly kfi hoach eia ban cing cfi tinh hien thiic va thi (Xem tii'p trang 29) TAP CHi QUAN if NHA NUdC - Sd 184 (5 2011) NGHIEN CLTU - T R A O DO! Bang 2: CAC Tl£U Chf VA M O C D O CAN THlfT D^ SCf DgNG HI^U QUA NGUOl C6 N A N G Ll^; LANH DAO Sfi lugng khSch th^ khao sSt: 60 ngi/dj Cin thi^t C^c ti&u chf sCf dung hiĐu quS Khflng cdn thiôt th(s Ap dung che dp luBng v^ phu cap luang mfli thoa 6kng theo chifc vu Cung cap cac di^u kien lam vi6c Igt (phuang tjfen, ph6ng 6c Tham gia v& dudc giao trSch nhiSm cu the c^c cuoc hpp llfin quan d^n ehuyen mfln BUBc quan tam d^o tao, boj du'8ng chuy§n m6ni hoc hoi kinh nghi&m quan I j Tao CO hpi, bo tri vj tri quan ly dung sci Inidng de cong hien Manh dan bo tri vi tri lanh dao s6m ph^t hi&n hp co nang ii/c Bong vien, khen thu5ng ton vinh, thifa nhan hp c6 th^nh ttch Khong bao che, ^p dung hinh Ihifc ki iuat nghiem khSc n^u co hlinh vi vu loi XSy difng nhutig tam guong ti6u bi^u de moi ngudi noi theo Tao dif luan xa hpi iing hg hp i^m vi&c, bao v^ ho truQc nhuTig du iu3n x^u Tin tu6ng vh manh dan trao quy^n d^y di^ cho ho l^m vi§c Tsii lieu tham khao: Truang Muu Tit: Biet ngudi, diing ngudi, quan ngudi NXB Van hoa - Thfing tin, H 2003 TrSn Anh Tbaih: Vi chinh sdch phdi hien, trgng dung vd ddi ngd ngUdi co tdi ndng hoat ddng cdng vu Tap chi T chiJc Nha nu6c, stf th^ng 02-2011 TIT HOC Tiir KINH NGHIEM (Tiep theo trang 24) Trong nhat ki hoc tap, ban hay sir dung trang cufii eung de ki^m tra xem nhBng k^ hoach nao da dugc thtrc hien va k^ hoach nao dang doi ccf hoi dugc thuc hi6n, vi ban chtfa thuc hien ehung va ban cSn su ho trg nao d^ bl^n ehung hien thuc Chlic ban cOng vi6c ap diing chu trinh hpc tap tif kinh nghidm de nang cao nang luc giang day cua ban thanQ l.C6kinh nghiftm/Trdi nghiftm Suy x&t/ Ngim nghi v6 di^u trai nghiftm/ kinh nghiftm Rdt ke't luan TAP CHi Q U A N LY N H A N U C - s 184