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NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG nim LUYftiv ivAi\« Mjn i i ; noc ciJA HOC S I \ H TiurcnvG PTDTIVI TIXH XGHE AX QUA PHiri\« KUON Luomg Thj Ngge Hodn Tru&ng PTDTNT Tinh Ngh[.]
NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG nim LUYftiv ivAi\« Mjn: i i ; n o c ciJA HOC S I \ H TiurcnvG PTDTIVI TIXH XGHE AX QUA PHiri\« KUON Luomg Thj Ngge Hodn Tru&ng PTDTNT Tinh Ngh4 A T rudng Phd thdng Dan mdy mde, rap khudn HS khd khan de ndi, viet ra) Cdc kT nang ti; hgc, kT ndng giao tiep, cdc kT nang mem rat ban toe ndi tni ( PTDTNT) thudng thda man vdi eai ed che cac em chua cd dieu tinh Ngh? An dugc san, it dgng nao ddi mdi, kha ki^n de su dyng cac phucmg lap nam 1984 Qua nang dge Igp tu vd dc phe tien day hgc hi?n dai.^ 28 namthanh xay dyng han Thao tu 1.2 Chat Iwprng dau vdo tich, tdng hgp,che khai quattdeeiia nhieu tich va xudttrudng sac phdn thanh, trudng datdye duge& the hi?n khdcham, nang phdn HS dugc vdo hgc HS edn phat dtrien thilu Trong qua trinhdagido tiTidng PTDTNT tiiih Ngh? todn dien HS cham ehi, ehiu ddo tao, nhd trudng da xay dung duge mdi trudng ndi tni khd song phuang phdp hge An Id nhiing HS dugc xet ed van hod, van minh, khdng tap ndi ehung chua khoa hgc, tuyen thdng qua ket qud thi cd te nan xa hgi, HS ehdm thudng tiep thu tii thue mgt tuyen vao ldp 10 eua eae em ngoan, cd y thuc td chuc ki each thy ddng bang cdc ghi HS thudc 12 huyen mien nui luat eao, chat lugng dao due, nhd, tdi hien Cd gang ghi nhd tinh Nghe An Vdi diem chat lugng van hod cdng toan bd ldi giang eua GV rdi san thi lay tu ket qua tu eao tdt, ti le HS gidi cap tinh, thi ed gang lap lai y nguyen, nggi xudng thap Ddi vdi mdi huyen dd dai hgc, eao dang, trung ddo sau^ suy nghT, tim ddu hieu mien niii ldy them hai em hgc hge chuyen nghiep eang ban chat cua ndi dung van de sinh DT dge bi?t (day la nhimg hge smh dudi diem sdn ) Hau tang La trudng phd thdng dan nghien eiiu (hge vet) tdc ndi tni vd trudng trgng ^ Hinh thuc hgc tap cua HS het cdc em deu thude eae vimg mien nui sau, xa vd dac diem chat lugng eao eua giao van hay su dyng la hgc thudc due mien nui tinh Nghe An, long vd ghi, cae hinh biet khd khan nhu cdc huyen viec td chuc tu hge cho HS thdc dn tap mang tinh tich cue Ki Son, Tuong Duong, Que DTNT la bien phdp ndng cao it dugc su dyng, ki nang xay Phong gdm cdc dan tdc it chat lugng ddo tao duge nha dung dan y tdm tat bai hgc, kT ngudi Odu, Hmdng, Dan Lai, nang xay dyng so dd, lap bdng Kmu Chung tdi da thdng ke trudng het sue quan tam sd lugng HS timg DT qua Thyc trang kha nang tdm tat ciia HS da sd d muc nam gan day nhu sau : tyr hgc ciia HS Trudng ylu vd hau nhu chua dugc PTDTNT tinh Nghg An Cac dan tQC 1.1 Dac diem nhgn thirc Nam hpc Thai H'mong Tho Tay Odu Kmii Danlai Kinh Diem ndi bgt khd 2009-2010 142 25 0 nang tu eua HS la thdi 2010-2011 147 18 quen lao ddng tri dc chua ben, 2011-2012 119 12 27 ngai dgng nao Trong hgc tap nhieu em khdng biet lat di lat , , , , , , ^^^ , , Do ket qud^ thi vao 10 cua lai vdn dl, phat hien thdc mdc- ^!.^,?i^"?-."S thuong ggp suy nghT sau sde vl vdn de ^ ^ ^^^ *^' P^^* ^.^^^ tryoc cdc em dugc lay tu ede trudng THPT thuge 12 huyen miln hoe tdp Nhilu HS khdng hilu ^^"^ ^^"g vi nggi ngung, bdi nhung khdng bilt minh [l^?^ ty tin, mgt ^ so HS ggp nui Vi vgy, chat lugng kiln thdc cua cae emtirudckhi vdo khdng hieu d chd nao Tu ^ ^ l ^ f , t^?^g di^^.^t bang cda HS cdn kem nhanh nhay tieng thon^ (ti^eng Vi?t) hgc khdng ddng deu Do viee tu hgc cua HS vd viec bdi vd Hnh hoat, kha nang thay cdc kien thdc von da hieu (tuc dudng phuong phdp ty hgc ddi gidi phdp eham, nhieu Id de thi hieu md lgi Ngay nhgn bai 29/6/2012 Ngay duy?t dang 30/6/2012 TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 83-7/2012 • 19 uwBEmmm eho cae em ggp khdng it khd khan 1.3 Thyc trgng hogt dpng tu- hgc ciia HS HS d ngi tru 100% Hogt ddng ty hgc phan ldn cdc ldp thyc hi?n vdo buoi ehieu (tni mgt sd cdc ldp ed budi thyc hdnh, thi nghi?in hoac lao dgng cdng ich) va budi tdi, Dia diem ciia boat dgng ty hgc Id tap trung tren ldp Tdng thdi gian ty hgc mgt theo quy djnh —> tieng, thdi ki dn thi nhilu em thuc hi?n tren 10 ticng To ehue thyc hien ty hgc nhd trudng giao eho: Bgphan trye ty hgc tri gid gidc sinh boat, ddn dde HS len ldp ty hgc 100% GV chu nhiem trye tiep td ehuc chi dao hogt ddng tu hgc cua ldp minh thdng qua phat huy nhiem vu cua ban cdn sy ldp Doan Thanh nien edng san Hd Chi Minh dang cai viec to ehue, gidm sat va ddnh gid ket qud thuc hien gid ty hgc ciia Doan vien - HS todn trudng, hang tudn cd thdng bao, sd HS vd sd budi bd gid ty hgc, phan logi xep hgng cae chi dodn Viec hgc tap trung nen vi?e ty hgc eiia moi HS tdt hay khdng cdn phy thugc it nhieu vdo viec ty hgc eua eae HS khae Do vgy vipc td ehdc ty hge eho HS DTNT phdi ed td chiie hudng ddn cua GV cdc tiet dgy bang cdch td ehue eho ede em chuan bj bai moi len ldp D I nang cao ehdt lugng day hgc va hinh thdnh eho cdc em kT nang ti^ hgc, bai vilt de xuat mdt sd gidi phdp ren luyen nang lyc ty hoe (NLTH) cho HS tiardng PTDTNT Tinh Nghe An M$t sd giai p h a p tich eye hoat d$ng t y hgc cua HS PT DTNT Tinh Nghf An 2.1 Rdn NLTH qua phirang phdp ldm vi^c v&i SGK * Tam quan trpng cua SGK: SGK dugc coi Id nguon tdi li?u chinh thong quan trgng nhat doi vdi GV vd HS Doi vdi HS SGK la ngudn cung cap tri thdc quan trgng nhat doi vdi HS vd SGK ed thi su dyng tat ca ede khau ciia qud trinh dgy hgc Doi vdi GV: S(iK cd vai trd dinh hudng quan trgng eho GV d l gidng dgy va ho trg ddc lyc cho GV boat dgng day tren ldp * Yeu cdu kl ndng( KN): De lam vi?c vdi SGK hi?u qud HS can ed nhiing KN sau: KN djnh hudng thu nhdn thdng tin dge SGK KN xac dinh trgng tdm bdi hge KN trinh bdy ndi dung dgc dugc KN h? thdng hod tai lieu dge dugc * Quy trinh ren luy^n NLTH qua phuang phdp ldm vi?c v&i SGK: Bu&c Bpc nhanh vd tdm tat npi dung: Khi dgc, HS phdi tap trung chu y cao dg, tap hTjng suy nghT, rihd nhanh nhimg dieu nit dgc Dgc todn bd bai hge, nam dugc y tudng ngi dung eiia bdi de cap den nhiing vdn de gi, tdm tat va ghi nhiing y ehinh, khdng de nhiing cdng viee khde tdc dgng ldm xao nhang qua_ trinh tu d u y k h i dgc Gap y d n d l khd hieu khdng ndn, cd gang suy nghT, ghi lai d l tim hieu, tham khdo y kien eua cdc bgn hoge GV gid hgc sau the ddnh cho dge saeh Vi v^y, xdc djnh rd myc tieu bdi dpc Id vi?c ldm quan trgng tru6c tien ddi vdi HS Myc tieu bai dge edn rd rang, cu the, tap trung vdo van de chinh sau: V l kien thdc, ve KN, hdnh vi thdi dg Bir&c Xdc djnh mdi quan h^ giira cdc ngi dung hdi dgc Ngi dung kien thue bdi hge d SGK dugc c^ tdc gia bien soan logic ch^t che vdi nhu eac manh ghep eua buc tranh, vd chiing ta cd mgt buc tranh hodn chinh mdnh ghep cudi dugc mo Nhiem vy ciia HS bai dgc phdi xdc djnh dugc moi quan he giua cae mdnh ghep dd.^ Md d u ^ ngi dung thir nhdt mdi den dugc ngi dung thu hai, va cudi cung Id tu ehiem ITnh duge eac van de theo mye tieu bdi dgc dat Bu&c Xdc dinh nhiing kien thirc lien he, van dttRg v&i thtfc te bdi dgc Cac kien thuc can phdi gan vdi thyc te, thien nhien, mdi tnrdng (MT), bdo v? MT va san xuat NongLam - Ngu nghigp, thi mai khoi day dugc thu hgc tap cho HS (jua moi phln ciia bai dgc, HS xdc djnh nhung kien thuc ndy cd the vgn dung vao thyc tien ddi sdng, san xudt, ve sinh MT nhu the nao vd HS lien h? vdi dia phuong 2.2 Ren NLTH qua ho?t dgng nhdm * Tdm quan trpng cda hoai dpng nhom: Idm vide tiieo nhdm cd the tap trung du(;c Bu'&c Xdc dfnh m^c tieu nhiing mat manh eua timg bdi dgc Mye tieu bdi dge ehi ngudi vd b6 sung, hoan thi^Sn phdi toan bg qua trinh dgc, cho nhiing diem ylu, giup HS tap trung vdo nhiing horn niia nd cdn tao duoc vdn d l CO bdn, tranh trdn lan, niem vui va sy thu ed cdeh dge hgp Ii, phu hgp hgc tap, hogt dgng nhdm ph^ vdi nhiem vy vd thdi gian cd hgp vdi vi^e hgc tap hucmg • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 83-7/2012 NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG tdi ngudi hge, khuyin khich true te bdo" SH 10 - THPT danh gia bang cdch eham su ddc lap ty chu, ngudi hgc - Bdi "Te bdo nhdn thuc" diem eho bgn minh theo thang ed the dua nhiing gidi phap^ Chiic nang chinh Cau triic each bieu dgt rieng cho vdn de Bao quan ndo dd Nhan te bao * Yeu cau Id nang: KN bam Lircfi npi chat sat yeu cau: hieu diing cdu Gongi hdi KN trinh bay y kien: biet Riboxom bieu dat ro rang, ngan ggn dl ngudi nghe hieu diing y kiln cua mmh KN tranh lugn: bilt Sau bdi hgc HS phdi dgt diem 10 Mdi mgt cdng vi$e lang nghe, biet nhdn xet, bilt dugc vl: 1) Kien thuc: Trinh hodn thdnh duge diem bd sung y kien eua ban, bilt bay dugc cae dgc diem chung Cd the ndi rdng vipc r^n bao ve y kien cua minh bang cua te bao nhdn thye So sanh luyen NLTH cho hge sinh PTli le ed can ed KN de xudt ket dugc te bdo nhan thyc vd tl DTNT ddi hdi GV phdi kien luan: biet tdm tat y kien thao bdo nhan so Md ta dugc cau tri Nhung da ren luyen luan cua ed nhdm de di den ket tnic vd chuc nang cua nhan dugc thi cdc em phdt huy kha luan can thiet te bao, ludi ndi chdt, bg mdy nang ty hgc rat nhanh l3o dd * Quy trinh ren NLTH qua Gdngi, ribdxdm 2) KN: cdc can ren luyen tii ldp 10 KN hinh eho HS thdng tii dd ldm nen nidng cho vi?e hogt dpng nhom : Bu&c 1: GV gidi thieu eho qua bdi hgc Id: KN dgc sdch; tiep thu eae kien thuc SH 11, HS each thue tien hanh thao nghien cuu tdi lieu; tu 12- THPT ludn, cdc KN thdo luan, yeu (so sanh, phan tich, tdng hgp, cau cua cac KN va cdeh thue khdi quat); suy luan; giao tiep (thdng qua td ehue thao luan thyc hien KN Tai li§u tham khdo Bu&c 2: Lay vi du ldm nhdm) 3) Hdnh vi thdi dp: Dinh Quang Bao mdu: GV trye tiep td chuc eho nhung bieu hien ve thdi dd, mgt nhdm HS thao ludn, cdc hdnh vi ddi vdi bg mdn, bai Nguyen Due Thanh Ly luan vien khde nhdm hgc, viee van dung dng xu day hoc Sinh hoc, NXB Gido quan sdt Cdng viec dugc vdo trgng thuc te eugc sdng due Ha Ndi, 2000 Dinh Quang Bdo Mot tien hdnh qud trinh dgy nhu the ndo Trudc hgc bdi GV so van de ve phuong phap hge d tren Idp giang day mon Sinh hgc, Bu&c 3: To chirc luyfn yeu eau HS ve nhd ldm duge tap Viee td ehue luyen tap nhiing phdn viee sau : Dpc bdi NXB Gido due Ha Ndi, 2006 Nguyen Thanh Dat (chii duge tiln hdnh qua hai giai ldn 1: Dgc binh thudng khdng dogn Giai dogn T GV trye dgc cdu hdi Dpc bdi ldn 2: bien) Sinh Hgc 10.' NXB Tdm tat nhung kien thuc co Gido due, Ha Ndi, 2006 tilp td chuc eho HS thdo lugn Le Thanh Oai "Ren nham mye dich lam cho HS bdnti-ongSGK bdi 'Te bdo ndm duge cdch thdo lugn Giai nhdn thyc" Dpc bdi ldn 3: luyen kT nang tu cho hgc dogn 2: Khi HS da ndm dugc Trd ldi nhimg cdu hdi sau: a sinh day hgc sinh hgc d quy trinh thao ludn nhdm va Dac diem chung cua te bdo THPT" Tap chi Gido di^c, so each thuc thyc hien eac kT nhdn thye b So sdnh te bdo 274 U 2/11/2011 nang thdo ludn nhdm, viec nhdn thyc va te bao nhan so luyen tap KN thao ludn nhdm, c Trinh bay eau tnic vd chdc Summary.- Written papers ehu yeu dugc thyc hien nang cua eae bdo quan bang raise actual situations about each hodn thdnh bdng sau; eac gid dn tap budi chieu, PT pupil's self-education HS tu tiln haidi ydi sy td ehdc d.Ve so md td vi^e van capability- Curcuma Province qudn Ii, dilu khiln va kilm tra chuyen mdt protein khdi DTNT is Peace and since then tl bao Sau hodn thdnh propose solutions give help to eua GV nhung phdn vide dd thi bgn Vi du: VSn dung rin ngoi canh se tu kiem tra tau self-education pupil NLTH chuong II "C^u TAP CHI THIFT BI GIAO DUC - SO 83 - 7/2012 • 21 ... HS tiardng PTDTNT Tinh Nghe An M$t sd giai p h a p tich eye hoat d$ng t y hgc cua HS PT DTNT Tinh Nghf An 2.1 Rdn NLTH qua phirang phdp ldm vi^c v&i SGK * Tam quan trpng cua SGK: SGK dugc coi... thdng qua phat huy nhiem vu cua ban cdn sy ldp Doan Thanh nien edng san Hd Chi Minh dang cai viec to ehue, gidm sat va ddnh gid ket qud thuc hien gid ty hgc ciia Doan vien - HS todn trudng, hang... luyen luan cua ed nhdm de di den ket tnic vd chuc nang cua nhan dugc thi cdc em phdt huy kha luan can thiet te bao, ludi ndi chdt, bg mdy nang ty hgc rat nhanh l3o dd * Quy trinh ren NLTH qua Gdngi,