GOP PHAN DO! MO! CO BAN, TOAN DI6N GIRO IDUC DflO TFiO H!€N NfiV DUOI ANH SHNG WIUONG H 6 CHJ MINH Lg KHANH BANG Trudng DHSP Ha Noil Can ctf vao tatudng gi^o due cOa H6 Chi Minh, dac biet ta tadng Vec[.]
GOP PHAN DO! MO! CO BAN, TOAN DI6N GIRO IDUC DflO TFiO H!€N NfiV DUOI ANH SHNG W I U O N G H CHJ MINH Lg K H A N H BANG Trudng DHSP Ha Noil C an ctf vao tatudng gi^o due cOa H6 Chi Minh, dac biet ta tadng: Vecdch hoc, IdytU hoc lam cot, nhd thdo luan vd chi dgo giup vao, hoc di dot vdi hdnh, can cijf vao triet ly giao ciuc cCia ttidi dai UNESCO neu len va thac tien giao due Vi^t Nam hien nay, chiing toi xin de x u i t mot sd phiiong ha6ng then ch6t nham gbp phan doi m6i cO ban, tc^n dien giao due - dao tao C^c di xuat de cap den nhCrng van de ve vi tri, ban chat, muc dfeh, noi dung, phuong phdp giao due, liic iaong va phaong tien giao due, phaong hudng va phaong phap nang cao chat lucrng va hieu qud day hoc, cac lac laong va phuong tien day hoc Ve vj trf va bSn chSt cua giao due Ngay nay, vdi nen kinh te tri thijre, giao due Ichong chi thupc thUOng tang Icien true ma la mpt ket cau tang quan trpng bac nhat Vi vay, phai thUe sa xem phat trien giao due dao tao la quoc sach hang dau, phdi tao cho ky daoc mot Dien Biin mot Chien dich Ho ChiP/linh giao due NghTa ia doi mdi giao due sau rgng dat hieu qua cao, dap ling dung va kip thdi cac nhu cau phdt trien cua xa hoi hien dai, theo diing cac quy iuat van dpng npi tai cua sU nghiep gido due Giao due la mot hien taong xa hpi co tinh nhan ban cao, co tfnh dan tpc, tfnh thdi dai, vda thupe thaong tang kien true, vda thupc ket cau tang quan trpng (nha da tnnh bay d tr^n), dong thdi Id mpt qua trinh bi^n caixa hdi cai cd nhdn (bien yeu cau cua xa hpi thdnh nhiifng pham chat va nang lac cua ca nhan) de dap dng nhu cau ton tai va phat trien cua xa hoi Vdi tacdch la mpt qua trinh, giao due phdi bao gom day dCi ea yeu t6 ca bdn sau day: Hadng cac tdc dpng khdch quan ngoai xa hpi vdo ngadi daoc giao due theo chi^u hadng cua muc dfeh gido due {phdt huy nhdng tdc ddng tich cue, khSe phuc nhdng tac dpng tieu ciic) To ehde tot phaong tien eo ban eua gido due nhSm thae hien muc dich giao due mdi, dac biet phdt t r i l n mpi tiem nang sin ed cCia ngadi hoc Do la: ehe dp sinh hoat, vui choi gidi trf, che d6 hoc tdp, ch^ dd lao dpng, sd giao tiep (qua cac doan the hoc sinh) Bong vien ngadi dapc gido due t a giac, t a nguydn, t a ren luyen bSn than theo phadng tien tren de eo dddc nhdng p h i m chat va nang lac theo yeu cau eua thdi dai, dac biet co ddoc;? chf va nang liic t i i hpe su6t ddi ve ca ba mat: sde khde, dao ddc, trf t u ^ de cdthe sdng tdt xa hdi hpe tap ^•tlTCTiyjJ^GIAO DUC 2.V€ muc tfich gifio due 2.1 Vemdtvimd Phdi gdp p h i n nSng cao ddn tri, ddo tao nhdn Idc, boi dadng nhdn tdi, phdi gdp p h i n xiy diing mdt xa hpi hoe tap hi^n dai dd, mdt mat, mdi cd n h i n p h i i cd y chi vd nang luc t d hoc sudt ddi cd v l sde khde, dao ddc vd tri tu^, mdt khde, xd hdi phdi tao mpi dieu kien t h u i n loi eho e l nhan dapc hpe t i p sudt ddi c6t, thdo ludn vd chl dgo giOp vdo, phii t i p trung t u tadng eao dd, p h i l Thiin Vd ed t h l hpe theo md hinh: vui, vdo, chgp, gdn, ra\ V l cleh day phdi e h u y i n t d gido dgc uy quyin sang g i i o due hgp ddng, e h u y i n d i n t d day hpe I l y gido vign l l m trung t i m sang I l y hpe sinh Idm trung tam, rdi sang nhdm Idm trung t i m , dung theo xu the p h i t t r i l n eie phUdng phdp day hoc tr&n t h l gidi hidn 2.2 Vemgtvimo Phii gdp p h i n dao tao nhdng edng dan tdt cua dat nudc va nhdng vien tdt eua cdng ddng n h i n loai, ed tinh t h i n ddn chu, cd tinh nhan van toan di^n, cd tinh ddc l i p tU chu, tu trpng v l sdng tao cao, ed b i n linh vdng vdng 64 cd the dmh hudng dapc mdt xa hdi ludn ludn bien ddi 4.2 Cdn hiiu rd thi ndo Id dgy vd hge cd chdt luang vd hiiu qud Chit lupng cua day - hoc Id thdc hign d i y du eae nhiem vu day - hoc d dai hoc Id day - hpe nghi, day hoc phaong phip, day hpe ly tadng vd thii dd nghe nghigp Ve ndi dung gido due Phii trang bj cho ngudi hpe nhdng tri thdc thiet thac, then chot, td dd day cho ho each hoc, eleh ta duy, each sang tao, edch dng xd, each sdng, cdeh lao dpng, each lam vi^c Trong thdi dai biing nd thdng tin hien nay, then chdt la day each tim va xd ly thdng tin Td cd the riit n g i n daoc thdi gian hoc tap tren Idp de danh cho tU hoc va vui chOi, Nha vay chuong trinh va sach gido khoa phdi duoc bien soan lai theo triet ly ndi tren, hoc sinh dUpc hpe nhe nhang va nam dupe nhdng tri thdc then chdt, cd phuong phdp de t a hoc sudt ddi Chuong trinh can cd phan cdng va phan mem Phan mem chiem mdt ty le thich dang Bdo ddm ty I& cdn ddi, hpp ly gida hpe, lam, vui chdi, giai tri Bao tao eho ngudi hoc mdt nghe ddng de hp cd the thay ddi nghe can thiet Ve cac phadng hUdng va phu-0) a Phat huy cao dp ndi lUe eCia ngudi hgc Thien: La tap trung tutudng cao hgc va day b Tang cUdng ren luyen nang iUc nghe nghiep cho sinh vien theo quan d i l m n g h i ddng 46.2 Phuong hudng rieng eho tdng bd mon c Tang eudng cdng t i e nghien cdu khoa hgc cua Mdi bd mdn can can cd vao ti'nh chat, dac diem v l gilng vien vd tap dupt nghien cdu khoa hpe cOa can cd vao cac phuong hUdng chung trinh bay d tren sinh vien de t u xay dung cho mlnh mdt phuong hudng rieng u Gan chat hdn nda viec day va hpe d dai hpe vdi Sau day tdi xin gidi thieu phuong hudng day ngoai ngdbang Thien ket hop vdi eae phaong phap day hgc cudc sdng d Tang cUdng sd dung edng nghe dao tao vao qua hien dai: 3T - 5B - 5C - 2H - 3V trinh day hpe e Ddi mdi mdt each co b i n , toan dien cdng tae kiem 3T La 77j/en, tan sd va tdc SB: budc chuyen vao va chuyen ngoai Cu tra, ddnh gid the: nhin sU vat, ndi to, ndi visa, ndi map m i y mdi, ndi dc 4.5 Cdn qudn triet quan diem dgy vd hgc la hgnh 5C: diem ve chat lUpng nghe, ndi, dpc, viet, suy nghT phuc thi hien d "4 vui" sau day: bang ngoai ngd 4.5./.Vui xdc dmh duoc ddng CO hpe dung va manh: hpe de am t h i n , de cho dat nUdc va nhan loai, biet 2H chi tieu ve hieu qud: ddp dng - sU dyng tdi Uu cdc ngudn lUc t u mim eudi, t u khen cd sU t i l n bd 4.5.2 Vui n i m dUpc cai then chdt eCia van de, t d dd 3V:Taora mdt vung ngoai ngd vdndodS mde: Mde 1:Tdi thieu cdbdn biet cich hpe, elch tuduy, cleh hanh ddng, elch Mde 2: Cd bdn, phd thdng, dng xd Mde 3: Chuyen nganh 4.5.3 Vui g i n dupe van de minh hpe vao vd nao va vao thuc te 4.5.4 Vui djnh vj dupc van de mlnh dang hgc vao 4.7 Can ndm vdng phUOng phdp ca bdn vd van dung sdng tgo vdo bp man cua minh khdng gian va thdi gian 4.7.1 Ket hop: ThU gian Thien tinh va Thien dgng t h l hien d khau khdi ddng cung nhu mdt sd 4.6 Can ndm vdhg hai phuang hudng dgy mgt khIu khic bgmdn 4.6.1 PhUdng hUdng chung cho tat ca cac mdn hpe: 47.2 SOtdung tiOp ly ca dUdngAlgont (bit chude theo mdt quy trinh hop ly) va Oristic (sang tao, md B.T.B - VT 2.5.2.7.5 va Thi^n mam) t h l hien d ngudi hpe, trudc h i t phli Idm B: Ban than p h l i phdt huy cao dp ndi lUe eua minh, theo cho dung rdi mdi den sdng tao ngudi day CU the phdi sd dung hpp ly c l ca che vat ly va la sd dung k i t hpp hpp ly ca phuong phap eo nang lupng, cd b i n cau nao t r i i va phdi, cd ban: Thdng bdo, neu van d l , hUdng dan nghien hoat ddrig y thdc, t i i m thdc vd vd thde edu theo so sau diy; T: Thay ddng vai trd then ehdt, chia khda, vach nhieu dddng cho hoc sinh lUa chpn, r i t quan trpng: Khong thay46mdy ldm nen GtAO DUC S d d d d a y v l hoc hieu qulcaotrong thdi dai ngitynay (Ddc biit d bdc dai hgc vd gidng vdn) Vi^e day hgc ngiy p h l i gdp p h i n v i o thdc hi^n cic mye tigu trgn cua vi^c d i o t?o ngudt " Bdn c h i t cua vige day hpe I I td ehde cie tinh hudng hpe t$p, tinh hudng cung cd d l giup hgc sinh tiihpc ed hi^u qud n h i m dat dupc cde nhigm vu day hoc Id n i m dope tri thdc, ky ndng, t h i i dd, t d dd gdp phin hinh thdnh n h i n cdch cua mlnh Ngudi giio vign mudn day cd c h i t lupng vd higu q u i mdt mdn hoc, mdt v i n 64 khoa hpe ndo dd, ein theo bade sau day: - Biin ddng ddn s6 Cdc ky higu: C^c qud trinh tSm ly cua 5, G, H Id ddng dang TTI Thuc tiln qui khd TT2 : ThUc ti^n hien tai, TT3 : Thuc tien ti/ang lal, S Ngii6i sing tac G 'Giio vien H : Hoc smh K Ket qud hoc: hieu vd rung dong, cdm thu duoc vdi N, di td a ^ o —* tac dong mot chieu *-* tac dong qua tai —> : tic dong tiitig bUdc (theo sU goi y cOa gido vien) • Bdn chat eua vigc hpe Id ngudi hpe huy ddng todn bd hg thdng tdm tri cCia mlnh bao gdm e l ed che v l t ly v l nang lupng, c l b i n elu n i o trdi vd phdi, cd hoat ddng y thdc, t i i m thdc v l vd thdc de thac hign cic nhigm vu day hpe, 6e gdp phan xdy diing nhan elch cCia mlnh NgUdi hoc sinh mudn hgc cd hieu qud, mdt mdt can tuan theo sii hudng d i n eCia gido vign (G), mdt mat ein huy ddng todn bd t i m tri cCia mlnh d l tien hdnh cd bude sau day: s yv^^-^ N G 'VLA'"^ A A A ' ^ N N H N Noi dung tac phim, m6t van de khoa hoc G: Ket hop sddung cd thong bdo, ngu vin de nghien cdu, chuong trinh h6a H' Huy dong cd co che vdt ly, ndng laong, ban ciu nao trii vk phil, ci ba hoat dong y thdc, liem thdc, vo thdc, xem them so tU hoc hieu qud " Vigc day va hgc dien thdi dai vdi dae diem: Cdch mang xa hdi ddi hdi p h l i dao tao ngudi dan chu, cd tinh nhan van todn dien Cupc each mang khoa hpe edng nghe ddi hdi daO tao eon ngudi thdng minh, sang tao Su bien ddng dan so tren pham vi todn the gidi ddi hdi ngddi biet gid gin bdn sic vdn hda d i n tpe mlnh, dong thdi biet hdi nhdp vao the gidi toan cau BANTINGlAODUCTtfXA&TAICHlIC Nghign cdu ndi dung mdn hoc hole mdt bdi {gilng vin) mdt v i n d l (mdt djnh ludt ) Nghign cdu t i c g i i (S), ngadi sing tie (N) Nghign cdu thi/e t i l n q u i khd dd thOc d i y (S) sdng tao (N) HUdng d i n hoc sinh tdng bddc nghidn cdu N, S,Tri Nghign cdu thue t i l n hign tai (TT2) xem v i n de dd hign n h u t h i nio Nghign edu (TT3) v i l n einh tuong lai ciJa vin de, Xdc dinh muc dfeh c i n dat cua hoc sinh sau hpe ve cac mdt tri thde, ky ndng, thdi dd - Nghien cdu (N) Nghien cdu (S) Nghien cdu (TTI) Nghien cdu lai mdt Ian nda tCmg bade (N) theo sd hudng dan cOa{G) Nghidn cdu (TT2) xem v i n de dd hien tai dang nhu t h l ndo Nghign cdu (TT3) d d d o i n v i n d l dd tuong lai se Phan dau dat cho ky dupe (K) theo yeu ciu cOa (G) va ed t h l vuot xa hem ygu cau ciia (G) 4.8 Cdn vdn dung hap ly quy trinh sau d&yi Khdi ddng de tao t h l hoc cd t h l nhu sau; H i t mdt b i i Thiin ddng - Thu giin: -» phut - Thien tinh phut rdi quyet t i m tap trung t u tadng cao de hoc tdt bu6i hpe Lam ban: Thay t u gidi thieu n g i n gpn, die bigt nhCffig vigc dang l l m v l d u djnh lam d l hoc smh cd t h l phdi hpp Trd: Td gidi thieu nhdm DliNDAN ngudi va cd t h l ed Idp n h i m tao khdng t h i n mat Idp hoc L l m chu: Giiip hpe sinh Idm chO dUdc qud trinh hpe cua minh vd ky hpp ddng • Neu mue dich cua mdn hgc: Ngu cu t h l cac ygu eau cd t h l dat dupc d ede mde gidi, khd, trung blnh 64 hpe sinh lUa chpn Ngu rd k l hoaeh thdi gian, cic ygu ciu v l kilm tra, thi Hop ddng: Hpe sinh tU n h i n eae ydu c i u vd trao ddi vdi nhdm Giaoviecnhdn viee v d t u nhdn viee Sinh vien thiet ke bdn ke hoach hpe theo cdng doan eua ban c h i t viec hoc ndi d trgn Mpc - Hinh: Tiep nhan thdng tin (nghe gilng), hoc, hdi, t u hdi, hieu, thuc hdnh Kiem tra, d i n h gid cd ve sd lupng vd chit lupng Tieu ehuan danh g i i p h l i dap dng cd yeu elu cua bdn chit viee hpc.Dd Id: Thich ddng, thiic hign duge, dae duoc, danh gid dupe, mem hda cho loai gidi, khd, trung binh Ve cac lUc lUcTng va phUtfng tien giao due a, Ket hpp chat che, ddng bd nha trUdng, gia dinh va xa hdi b Kit hpp xay diing v l sd dung tdi uu cie phUOng tien giao due td thd so den hien dai theo eae xu the ddi mdi phUdng phap day hoc trinh biy dtren Tiep tuc t h i dua day tdt, hoc tdt theo dung t u ti/dmg giao due cua Hd Chi Minh Ngn phat dpng phong trao: Hoc tap va van dung sdng tao tutudng g i l o due v l cleh day hpe ciia Hd Chi Minh ddi ngu giao vien Hoe tap va v i n dung sang tao tutudng gilo due vd cich day hoc cua Hd Chf Minh hpe sinh, smh vien va hpe vien Trong nhieu nam qua chung tdi da nghien edu, day hoc v l bien ed ket q u i tdt ndi dung d cic bd mdn Gido dye hpe, Ly luan day hpe dai hgc, Ly luan day hpe hien dai, PhUcJng phap day - hpe giao due dan sd, Ngoai ngd eho nhieu ddi tUOng khae nhu smh vien, hpe vien cao hpe, giang vien dcac trudng dai hpe, cao dang va phd thdng d cac tinh, phd nhu d Ha Ndi, Hdi Phdng, Nghe An, Ha "TTnh, Hul, TP Hd Chi Minh va d mdt sd nudc nhu Lao, Campuchia, Angola Nhd da v i l t dUdc mdt sd sich, mpt so bdi bdo vd da dupc d i i phat va truyen hinh gidi thieu O HC THONG KV NANG TU HOC TROIMG MOI TRUONG HOCTAPHieNOni NGUYEN GIANG NAM ^ ^ ~~ Trucrng Oai hoc Cong nghiep Hd Noi | D o t i c ddng sau rdng ciia khoa hgc va cdng nghe, bdi ednh mpt t h l gidi biing nd thdng tin va canh tranh de phdt trien, lUpng tri thdc hang tang len theo cap sd nhan Nhieu thay ddi dang dien ra, tU khdi niem den phuong cham hoat ddng, tU phuong thdc tu duy, quyet dinh den phuong thUe hoc tap (HT) Trong dd, thdi gian vat chat cua eon ngudi I I gidi han Mdi ea nhin mudn tdn tai va phat triln, phli t i i HT thudng xuyen va thieh nghi cao dp vdi nhdng bien ddng Phuong phap gido due mdi va ki thuat da phuong tign dang ngU tri mpt trUdng HT hien dai, mpt hinh thdc gilng day mdi dUpc hinh thanh; he thdng giang day mdy tinh da phuong tien Dd la mang may tinh ma ngudi day giang qua may chii va ngUdi hoc nghe giang, kham pha qua mang may tinh, KT thuat da phuong tien lam thay doi rat Idn giao trinh va giao dn, Gilo trinh khdng chi ven ven la nhdng cudn sach in ma cdn la loai sach giao khoa dien td cd chd, hinh anh, tieng ndi Be thich dng dUOc vdi nen giao due mdi va mdi trUdng HT hien dai, ngUdi hgc giai doan hien phli cd su thay doi ve quan diem HT: Hgc de biit, de chung sdng, de khing dinh, de lam viec; phong each HT: ddc lap, tu ehii, khoa hpe ; yeu td tam li HT: tu tin, quyet dodn, tich eUe, tu g i d c ; sU hda nhap cac mdi quan he vdi ngUdi khac qua trinh HT: ban be, thay cd giao Ndi each khae, ban thdn ngudi hpe can xay diing va hinh nhOfng ki nang (KN) t i i hgc 64 cd the HT higu q u i va tham thau nhCmg gid tri tinh hoa eua nhan loai ma nen gido due hien dai, tien tien dem lai IVIdi trudng hoc tap hien dai 1.1 Quan niem Day hoc truyen thdng thudng lay tiep can hudng vao giao vien, nghia Id lay nhdng yeu eau cua xa hdi, cua ... each ngudi Viet Nam thdi dai ngdy nay, van dung tinh than d i n chu vd quan diem quan ehung, phdt huy eao dp vai trd chu the cCia ngUdi hpe theo t u tudng Hd Chi Minh Ve cdch hgc, Idy tuhgc Idm... g i n dupe van de minh hpe vao vd nao va vao thuc te 4.5.4 Vui djnh vj dupc van de mlnh dang hgc vao 4.7 Can ndm vdng phUOng phdp ca bdn vd van dung sdng tgo vdo bp man cua minh khdng gian va... theo dung t u ti/dmg giao due cua Hd Chi Minh Ngn phat dpng phong trao: Hoc tap va van dung sdng tao tutudng g i l o due v l cleh day hpe ciia Hd Chi Minh ddi ngu giao vien Hoe tap va v i n dung