NGHIEN ClAJ&l/NG DUNG TIEU CHI DANH GIA TAC DONG G|AO DUC CUA DO CHCfl Vdl HOC SINH TIEU HOC TS Pham VSn Nara Vi^n Khoa hgc Gido due Vi4t Nam De ho^t dgng danh gi^ thir hai Î c^c chi so sinh hgc, tac[.]
NGHIEN ClAJ&l/NG DUNG TIEU CHI DANH GIA TAC DONG G|AO DUC CUA DO CHCfl Vdl HOC SINH TIEU HOC TS Pham VSn Nara Vi^n Khoa hgc Gido due Vi4t Nam D e ho^t dgng danh gi^ tac dpng gi^o d(ic cua choi voi HS tieu hgc, can phai co mgt bg tieu chi cu the Chung toi de xual bg tieuvdi chinhu sau cdu phdt trien dpng Mu-cdgphit hgrphgc ciia tdc ciiaI.HS lira tudi tieu Tieu chl "Miic dg phia hgp cua tac dgng vol nhu cau phat trien cua hgc sinh lua tuoi tieu hgc" cho phep xac dinh dugc nhihig chai nao thich hop vai HS lua tuoi tieu hgc va danh gia cac tac dgng chung cua chung den sir phat trien cua tre moi tmong hoat dgng ca ban la nha tnrong, gia dinh va cgng dong xa hgi dia phuang Trong dieu kien hien nay, ca moi truang deu chiu tac dgng manh me ciia he thdng cac nguon lire truyen thong dai chung dua vao cong nghe mang va intemet hi?n dai Do la nhan to rat co y nghia va can dugc danh gia dung muc Tieu chi "Miic phii hgp cua tac dgng voi nhu cau phat tri^n cua HS lua tuoi tieu hgc" CO thS dugc qua nhom chi s6 chung phan anh tac dgng cua choi den timg mat phat trien cua tre: tam li, sinh hgc va xa hgi Cho nen co thl ggi nhom chi so thu nhat la cdc chi s6 tam li, nhom chi s5 thl hi^n uu diem cua sue kho6, the hinh va the l\rc a nhimg hoat dgng khfic nhau) nh6m chi so thu ba 1^ c^c chi Tren ca sd chi so chung so xa hgi ndy chung ta c6 the thiet ki kl Cac chi so tam li diing de thuat va cac items c\i the hem dnh huoing chung den s^ nua de luang vd danh gia phat trien Cac chi so xfi hpi diing de v(rc ca bfintam \k: h' cua tre tir goc dg a/giao bao(Cognition); qudt ITnh tac dpng ciia chai den Nhandye thirc s(r phat trien x3 hgi cua tre bao b/ Tinh cdm (Affection); c/ Tam vand^g(PsydiOTncitor) gom nhom tucmg ung vcri Trong li lu^n giao due tieu ITnh vuc va cdc chi so cu the hgc hien da co nhieu mo nhu sau: hinh kT thuat de luong va a Nhgn thic xa hgi (Social danh gia nhiJng ITnh vuc nay, Cognition) vi du mo hinh danh gia nh^n Tri thuc va kT nang sii thirc cua B Bloom Tat nhien, dung hieu qua hanh vi xa bgi viec danh gia phai dua vao thong thuang (giao tiep, giao nhimg chi so phu hgp va cu dich, tro chuyen ) the ban, phan anh trinh dg - Nh^ndi^nva hieu cac qui phat trien nhan thuc tieu bieu tac, tap tuc xa hgi hi$n hanh cho lua tuoi tieu hgc moi tmong xa hpi Hieu vd co kl n5ng tu Cac chi so sinh hgc diing de anh huong ciia chai kiem soat, ty giam sat hanh vi den sir phat trien sinh hgc cua ciia minh tre phan anh muc dp cai thi$n - Nhan thirc co dinh huong nhiing ITnh vuc sau: ve tuong lai tiong cong viec, d Sue khoe (muc dp b?nh dai song, hoan cdnh tat va dg ben the chat); Phan biet va hieu ro b The hinh (cac so tfing nhimg anh huong tich cue va truang chieu cao, can nfing va tieu c\rc moi tmong den ti le can doi cua co the); chinh minh c The lire (sue manh ca - Nhan thuc ngudn goc xa bap, the hi$n chu yeu t6c dg, hpi va quoc gia cua minh va dg kheo leo, cucmg cua v$n gia dinh dpng CO the); b Thdi vd tinh cam xd d The nang (mirc dg thich hgi (Social Attitude/Emotiort) img cua the chat voi moi • Cdm nhan dugc tdc dpng tmong khac nhau, kha nang cua minh d i n nguai khac va thir hai I^ c^c chi so sinh hgc, Ngdy nhgn bai 25/9/2012: Ngay duyfl dSng 25/10/2012 • TAP CHI THIFT BI GIAO DyC - SO 87 -11/2012 NGHIEN OAJSiLrNG DUNG ciia nguai khde din minh - Tin tuong kha nang gay anh huang cua minh den hodn cdnh cua nguai khac Ton trpng nhiJng khac biet cd nhan co nguon goc giai va sac tpc - Thai xu su than thien vai cgng dong va nguoi khac Ton trgng hanh phiic, phiic lai hgp phap cua nguoi khde bang thai co trach nhiem - The hien thien cam, quan tam quan he xa hgi va lac quan truac cugc song - Ton trgng va qui trgng cdc gia tn hoa binh, phat trien ben vung xa hgi moi trucmg song cua minh c KTndngxd hoi vd kindng song (Social /Living Skills) Thuc hien hdnh vi giao tiep hieu qua cac dang quan he xa hgi khac Tim dugc giai phdp co tinh xay dung truoc cdc bat d6ng va xung dot xay Ra quyet dinh va giai quyet cac vdn de xa hpi cua minh va cua nguoi khac h6 trg hp - Ndm bdt thai ca va tan dung dugc sir ho tig xa hpi hay h6 tig ciia nguoi khac - Khai xuong va tri cac quan he xa hpi ciia minh vd cua nhom - Chu ddng va kien tii hgc tap theo each thirc rieng phii hgp vcri minh de phat trien ca nhdn - Lam viec nhom (lam viec hgp tdc) va cgng tdc hieu qua vai ngudi khac hgc tap va dai song Nhirng chi so ve tdm li, sinh hgc, xa hgi cdn dugc xdc djnh qua mirc thich hgp vai tiem ndng phat trien cua hgc sinh lira tuoi tieu hgc tren co so thuc nghiem Mirc dg phii hgp ctia tdc dgng so vdi yeu cdu ciia CTGD tiiu hgc Tieu chi xac dinh ro choi dugc che tao vd sir dung CO phil hgp vai yeu cau cua chuang trinh giao due hay khong Muc tieu cua cac chuang trinh giao due noi chung va chuang trinh giao due tieu hgc noi rieng cang cang huang cho HS tir nhan biet den thong hieu va van dung Nhu vay tiep xiic vai choi, HS phai nhan biet dugc chai la loai gi, bao gom nhimg phan nao, sir dung choi ay sao, co nhung sdng tao nao se sinh qud trinh su dung Mijrc dp dap ung yeu cau phan dnh tac dpng ciia chai day hpe den ket qua hoc tap cua HS va chat lugng giao due chucmg trinh qui dinh Sd dl phdi CO tieu chi Id vi chai CO the co tdc dgng thuan vdi chuong trinh hoac tac dgng ngugc vdi chuong trinh Vi du chai tangram gom khoi hinh ca bdn: hinh vuong, hinh binh hanh, hinh tam gidc, HS co the tir ma sang tao cac hinh thii khac nhau: ngudi, quan do, meo, chim, vit, nen, ga, binh tudi, ghe Va thong qua hoat dgng ghep hinh ma HS dugc cung cap nhii'ng kien thirc nhdt dinh ve the gidi chung quanh phii hgp vdi mon hgc Tu nhien - Xa hgi d ldp 1,2,3 va mon Khoa hpe d ldp 4,5, Tuy nhien vdi nhimg choi nhu xe tang, vu khi, cd the cd tac dung ngugc lai vdi muc dich giao due long nhan ai, tu tudng vi tha., cdc bai hpe dao due neu HS khong dugc hudng dan cu the va giam sat chdt che Miic dp phil hap cua tac dgng dugc xem xet theo nhom chi so sau: a/ Ho trg hoc tap va ren luyen theo cdc ITnh vuc hgc tap cu the (cdc mon hgc); b/ H6 trg hgc tap vd ren luyen theo cac dang hoat dgng cua HS ngoai he thong mon hoc; c/ Ho trg hgc tap va ren luyen theo ehuan hoc tap cua timg Idp cap hgc Nhiing chi so tren cho phep ehgn Igc choi vd ddnh gia tac dgng giao due ciia chiing theo nhimg chi so thuoc tieu chi dau tien dua tren nhimg yeu cau dac thii cua chuang trinh giao due tieu hgc Nhu vay cd the xem nhdm chi so dau la cac chi so theo mon hpe, phdn dnh yeu cau gido due cu the cua timg mon Nhdm chi so thir hai la cdc chi so theo hoat dgng giao due ngodi mon hgc (dac biet la cdc hoat dgng ciia Dgi TNTP, cua cau lac bg, cua cdc nhdm xa hgi nha tnrdng) Nhdm chi so thu ba la cac chi sd theo Idp hgc TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 87-11/2012 < NGHIEN c u l l & UNG DUNG Mic dg phit hgp ciia tdc dgng so vdi tinh chat ciia cdc hogt dgng cff bdn ciia lia tudi HS tieu hgc Tdc dpng ciia chai dugc ddnh gid lien ctt sd nd dnh hudng den m§t phdt trien nao ciia HS (nhan thiic, van dpng the chat, the l\rc, tinh cdm, gia trj.,,) va anh hudng d d c d phu hgp vdi dang ho^t dgng ma HS th\rc hien khdng Neu dd choi van dgng ma dugc sir dyng tro choi nh^n thiic mdn hgc nhu Todn, tieng Vi?t, khoa h o c thi miic dg phii hgp la thap, mac dii nd cd the vdn cd tac ddng den sy phdt trien van dgng CO the Neu lay Rubic, dd chai phdt trien tri tue, ren luyen sy kheo tay de sir dung trd choi giao due tinh cam cdng dan thi cung dugc xem Id it phii hgp Khi xem xet tac ddng ciia chai theo tieu chi "Mirc phil hgp ciia tdc dgng so vdi tinh chat ciia cac hoat dgng co bdn cua lira tudi HS tieu hgc", dieu quan trgng la phdi xet den mdi trudng choi liic la hoat ddng ndo: nhan thiic hay giao tilp, sinh hoat hay hgc tap, cung nhu nhimg hoat ddng khdng CO bdn khde theo cac cd nhan HS (vi dy hoat ddng nghe thudt, hoat dgng xa hgi, hoat ddng the thao v v ) nhitng tac dpng nhu vgy cd IiC'ii quan chii ylu den qudn li giao dye, chinh sdch truyen thdng vd du luan xa hgi Tir viQc xdy dyng cdc tieu chi ddnh gid tdc dgng, chiing la cd the di tdi nhiing ket lu^n so bg Idm nen tdng dinh hudng cho ho^t dgng ddnh gid tac dgng: - Muc dg phil hgp ciia tdc dgng do chai anh hudng den tre duong nhicn cho biel dd la tac dgng tich cyc hay lieu cyc Sy khdng phii hgp r6 rdng dan den nhiJng tdc dgng tieu cue, va mirc phii hgp cdng cao thi dd choi cang cd tiem nang ddn den tac dgng tich cue - Tac dgng ciia dd chai ludn phdi thdng qua trd choi, quan he hay hoat ddng md chinh HS tham gia Chinh cdc mdi tnrdng nhu the mdi la dieu kien chinh xac de ddnh gid tdc ddng ciia dd choi - Tac dgng ciia choi het siic da dang va cd nhieu nhan td chi phdi Vi the nd can dugc danh gid theo nhihig tieu chi tdi thieu bao qudt dugc ddc diem phdt trien lira tudi, khac biet cd nhan cua HS tieu hgc phdt trien vd yeu cau cy the ciia chuang trinh gido dye tieu hgc Tai li^u tham khao N I U xet tir quan diem xa hgi, dd chai cd the tac dgng Bd tai lieu hgc tap ciia din nhiJng tie khdng tiarc tilp Khda dao t^o giang vien ve sOr dung dd chai Tuy vay dd la phuang phap giang day The vkn d l Ciia nhdm xa hdi Vietnam - Australia Training cgng ddng HS vd truyin thdng Proroject (The VAT Proroject), dai chiing Nhiem vu danh gid 1999 > TAP cm THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 87-U/2012 Hodng Diic Nhugn, U Diic Phiic, Ca sd li lugn ciia vi$c danh gid chat lugng hgc tap ciia hgc sinh phd thdng; Chucmg trinh khoa hgc cdp Nhd nudc KX-07-08, HN 1996 Tir dien gidi thi'ch vd doi chieu mpt sd thuat ngu" ITnh vyc phuang phdp giang day; Training of Trainers in Training Methodology Glossary, The VAT Proroject; Hanoi - September 1999 Le Dire Phtic, Chat lugng va hi?u qua gido dye Tap chi Nghien ciru giao due 2/1997 Summary The writer develops three evaluation criteria on educational impacts of children toys on primary students, namely: (1) Appropriate level of impact on development needs of primaiy students; (2) Appropriate level of impact on requirements of primary curriculum; and (3) Appropriate level of impact on nature of fimdamental activities of primary students Therefore, following results are released: Impacts of chilch-en toys are multiple and are contiolled by various factors, hence, these impacts need to be evaluated applying basic criteria covering characteristic development by ages, individual differences of primary students in the context of specific requirements of primary curriculum ... ngudi khac hgc tap va dai song Nhirng chi so ve tdm li, sinh hgc, xa hgi cdn dugc xdc djnh qua mirc thich hgp vai tiem ndng phat trien cua hgc sinh lira tuoi tieu hgc tren co so thuc nghiem Mirc... biet dugc chai la loai gi, bao gom nhimg phan nao, sir dung choi ay sao, co nhung sdng tao nao se sinh qud trinh su dung Mijrc dp dap ung yeu cau phan dnh tac dpng ciia chai day hpe den ket qua... dieu quan trgng la phdi xet den mdi trudng choi liic la hoat ddng ndo: nhan thiic hay giao tilp, sinh hoat hay hgc tap, cung nhu nhimg hoat ddng khdng CO bdn khde theo cac cd nhan HS (vi dy hoat