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HUONG DAN QUAN Li sir DUNG SUf DDNG CAC ODAN PHIM TlT LltD T R E N MS POWERPOINT TRONG DAY HOC LICH SlJf d TRDfllNG PHd T H O N G 1 Vai trd ciia vipe sir dyng cdc doan phim tu lipu trong day hpc Ijch[.]
HUONG DAN QUAN Li sir DUNG SUf DDNG CAC ODAN PHIM TlT LltD T R E N MS POWERPOINT TRONG DAY HOC LICH SlJf d TRDfllNG PHd T H O N G Vai trd ciia vipe sir dyng cdc doan phim tu lipu day hpc Ijch sir ' Phim tu heu (PTL) Id logi phim tdi lipu ed gid trj lich sir, ghi lai nhung sy kipn, hipn tugng, nhan vat lich sii hay qud trinh vgn dpng va phdt trien ciia lich su dat din dp tin cgy chan thyc tgo nen xiie cdm sau sac ddi vdi ngudi xem Bg PTL dugc_ xay dyng dya tren sy ghep ndi edc dogn PTL vdi Moi dogn PTL la mgt, mgt vdi cdnh, dupe gidi ban bdi thdi lugng nhdt djnh phdn dnh cu the hay khdi quat ve nhimg sy kien, nhdn vgt Vai hd ciia cac doan PTL ti-en ,MS.P.OWERPOINT (Ms.P) bat ngudn tir chinh gid tri lich su vd su tiuyen tdi sinh ddng, hap dan eua nd Su dung edc dogn PTL cd vai trd to Idn, lam cho cdc dudng, bien phap nang cao hipu qud bdi hgc dugc de dang thuc hipn Nd Id chiec '''cdu noi" giira qud khu vd hien tgi Id phuang tipn dgy hgc hieu qud rjiat gdp phan nang cao hipu qud bdi hgc Su dung edc dogn PTL giiip HS hieu biet chan thyc, sinh ddng, sau sac ve kien thiic CO bdn cua bdi Cdc doan PTL sii dung tren Ms.P khac sau nhung sy kipn ljch sii nien dgj, nhan vgt quan trpng, gdp phdn tgp bieu tugng sirih dgng, cy the hda cdc sy kipn vd khac phye tinh trgng "hipn dgi hda" lieh su PTL ehinh Id "con mdt nhin lich sir", "nhdn chung lich su" giiip cho viec ThS Mai Van Nam Truang DH Suphgm - DH Thdi Nguyen kiln thirc, hr hidng, tren Ms.P chudn bf cho HS nam ky ndng ciia bdi bpc dgt hipu tiep Ihu kien thuc m&i qud Tmdc bet, GV to chiic cho Sir dyng cdc doan PTL HS trao ddi md de kit hgp nham nang cao hipu qua bdi vdi tgo tinh hudng vd dua bdi tap nhdn thuc Cdc dogn hpc Ijch sir a Su dyne cdc dogn PTL PTL cd the tham gia vdo cdng 13 kiSm tra kien tren Ms.PO de vipe td chiic boat dpng tren thdc cii bang each sir dyng nhu de cy Sir dyng cdc doan PTL tren the hda, hd trg cho cdng vipe phan mem Ms.P de kiem tra cua GV, hogc cung cd the sii kien thiic cu chinh Id phucmg dyng doan PTL lam phuong phdp kiem tra, ddnh gid ket qua tien chinh GV biet khai hgc tap ljch sir ciia hgc sinh thdc nhimg dogn PTL cd tmh , (HS) vdi sir dyng dd diing tryc hudng , „ , cd vdn de Hen quan quan bipn dgi Nd khdng chi din kiln thuc co ban giup cho gido vien (GV) ndni bdi Khi chudn bi cho HS tiln bdt dugc viec ITnh hdi kiln hanh nghien cuu kiln thirc thirc, thao tac tir nhanh mdi d bdi 20, GV cd thi c6 cua HS md cdn ren luyen cdc cdch nhu sau: GV kit hpp cho HS nhihig kT nang kilm kilm ti^ kiln thire cii vdi vipe tra vdi cdc dogn PTL, hodn chudnbi nghien cim kiln thuc thdnh viec ndm kien thirc cu mdi dl tilt kiem thdi gian eiia mgt cdch vimg chac, bd sung tiet hgc, hem niia tgo lien mach sau sac ban Trong bdi hgc 20 kien thiic vdi cac bdi trude lich sir Idp 12 (chuong tiinh gan vdi cau hdi "Budc phdt chuan) cd hai tiet, vdo ddu mdi trien ciia cudc khdng chien tilt hgc GV cd the deu tien toan qudc chdng Phdp" Nhd hdnh kiem tra kien thiic cii d dd GV td chiic cho HS trao ddi HS GV sir dyng dogn PTL tdi_ hipn (md de) gan lien vdi tren Ms.P de dua ddp dn cho kien thiic cu, sau dd tao tinh cau hdi kiem Sau neu hudng bang viec GV sii dyng cdu hdi: "Nhung mdc_ chinh dogn PTL ve tinh hinh giua ta the hipn budc phdt triln ciia vd dich nam 1953 "' chi cho cupc khdng chien chdng Phap HS hie tuang quan lyc lugng ma cdc em da dugc hgc ?" vd givia ta va Phdp GV nfu thih HS trd Idi xong, GV sii dyng hudng: Cudc khdng chien toan so dd budc phdt trien cua cupc qudc chdng Phdp giai khang chien todn qudc chdng d o ^ tiep theo se diln nhu phdp kit hgp vdi doan PTL the nao ? Hoac Id thyc ddn "Tinh hinh ta vd dich nam Phdp vdi am muu vd hanh 1953"deddrih giaket qua va dgng mdi Igi dugc MT giiip Idm CO sd de dan dat vao bdi siic se ddo ngugc tinh thi, ti6u mdi dipt cudc khdng chiln ciia ta; ft Su dyng cdc dogn PTL hgac Id cudc khdng chiln tilp Ngdy nhgn bd, 24/6/2012; Ngdy duy?t dang 20/7/2012 4 • TAP CHtlHI^BIGlAODVC-5684-8/2012 H U O N G DAN QUAN LI SU DUNG tuc giang co kep dai; hogc Id diem nhdn dogn phim cupc khang chien ciia ta phat de mieu td, khac sau cho HS Vi du: day ve ndi dung trien den djnh cao, gidnh chien thdng quyet dinh, de bpp y chi "Cdng tdc chuan hi cho chien xam luge cua thuc dan Phdp, dich Dien Bien Phu", GV kit thiic thang Igi cugc khdng sii dyng doan phim "chiiiin chiln Bai hgc hdm se cho bi cho chien djch Dien Bien ta tra Idi dugc cdu hdi dd Phil" Sau ey the hda cho c Sir dung cdc dogn PTL HS xem, GV cd the mieu td trin Ms.P vdo viee nghien hinh dnh hdng van bd dgi dan cdng - mdt tap thi lao dgng cvni kiin thuc mdi Trong viec nghien ciiu kien bang sire ngudi da md nhiing thirc mdi d bdi hgc lich sir, su dudng mat trdn - dung cdc dogn PTL tren Ms.P dudng cua niem tin vd thang nham hai nhiem vu: cy the hda Igi kien thiie va khai thdc thdng - Lupre thugt ket hpp sir tin dung dogn PTL Cdc doan - Ve eu the hoa kien thirc: PTL vdi hinh dnh ddng va Khi dgy hgc lich su GV nen am thyc rat thuan l^ri tiln haiih day hgc theo nguyen cho viec tudng thugt ve dien tdc "true quan" bang viec su bien, su van ddng ciia mdt sir dung cac dogn PTL tren Ms.P kien lich su, hay hogt ddng Viec cy the hda kien thiie vdi cua nhan vat lich sii Truyen PTL CO tac dyng thu hiit sy tdi bang kenh PTL tren Ms.P, chu y, tap trung cua HS de dien bien cua cdc sy kien trd nam bat kien thiic, phat trien nen tryc quan, hdp dan Sii 6c quan sdt HS dugc xac nhan dung dogn PTL vdi loi thuyet lai thong tin ndi dung bai hgc minh ket hgp vdi Idi ndi cua m6t cdeh trye quan nhd dd md GV Khi Idi thuyet minh cua ki6n thiie dugc ben viing Sir doan phim truyen cam vd hap dung cdc dogn PTL tren Ms.P dan cho bai tudng thuat ve de cu the hda kien thiic cd the mdt sy kien, mgt tran ddnh, tien hdnh bang cdc phuong GV cd thi su dung vdi each kit hgp vdi trinh bdy mieng phap sau: - Mieu td khdi qudt cophdn vd bdndd tren Ms.P nhung tich ket hap sir dung edc dognphdi dilu khien "dimg,, md" d PTL Trpng mdi dogn PTL cd tinh tilt phdt trien d den dinh nhilu ddi tugng ma theo cao hay mau thudn kit doi HS chua hinh dung, nhan cau Vi du: Khi dgy ve kien thiic biet het dugc hogc nhiing thudc PTL dugc quay chyp vdi kl dien biln dgt chiln dich thuat dentidngkhd quan sdt, Dien Bien Phii, GV su dyng vgy GV can mieu td Igi nhirng toan bd doan phim de luge hinh dnh quan hgng thugt ma khdng cdn bd sung yi nhiing doan PTL Mieu td khdi dogn phim luge thugt kha ddy qudt cd phdn tich Id tap trung dii, hdp ddn nhung biet "dung, vao mgt dilm chu ylu, d6 chay" qua dd di sdu phan tich ban Sii dyng hinh dnh_ ddng chat ben cua su kien, dogn PTL (ngat am nhgn vat Khi hong Idi thuylt thanh) vd dung Idi ndi cua GV minh da mieu ta Igi biic tranh dl tudng thuat GV cd thi ngdt qua khii thi GV cdn tim mgt am diing hinh dnh ddng de luge thugt de tang tinh hap dan, trdnh viec chi thdng bdo khd khan - Khai thdc thong tin, phdt huy tinh tich cue, dpc lap nhgn thuc cho HS: De phat huy tinh tich eye, dgc lap nhan thiic qud trinh HS ty nghien eim, khai thdc kien thiic mdi qua cdc dogn PTL, GV tien hdnh trao doi, ddm thogi vdi HS Vdn de quan trpng nhdt d day Id GV phdi ket hgp ca nghiep vu su pham lan kien thue chuyen mdn, dgt he thdng nhirng cau hdi ggi md cho cd tri tup Cd nhieu each GV td chiic khai thdc kien thiie tir edc dogn PTL tren Ms.P cho HS, song viec sir dyng edc doan PTL phdi dam bdo Id mgt qua trinh todn ven vdi ba budc sau: 1) Bu&c dinh hu&ng (dgt nhiem vu hpc tap): Xem PTL day hgc khdng phdi Id de gidi tri, mua vui md chu yeu Id de tim tdi, khdm pha nhung thdng^ tin kiln thiic cho nen GV cdn dgt nhiem vu hgc tap cho HS Vi dy: trude cho HS xem dogn phim bd ddi keo phao vao hdn dia de truyen dgt kiln thiic "Cdng tdc chudn bi mgi mat cho chien dich Dien Bien Phu" ,Khi the Id cd nude han, khau hieu Id "Tat cd cho tiln tuyen, tat cd de ddnh than^" Khi dgy ngi dung Chien dich Dien Bien Phu myc II cua bdi 20 ldp 12, GV neu cdu hdi: Theo doi doan PTL sau kit hgp vdi SGK em hay cho ed ldp biet ddy la cdng viec gi ? vd cdng tdc ehuan bi cho chiln dich Dipn Bien Phu eua quan vd dan ta nhu the ndo ? 2) Bu&c su dung (hogt dpng xem dogn PTL, HS tim tdi kiin thirc di trd l&i cau hoi cua GV) Hinh thiic xem TAP CHI THIFTBI GIAO DUC-SO 84-8/2012 • 45 HUONG DAN QUAN LI sir DUNG PTL Id xem timg dogn GV cd the cho HS xemcd dogn ho$c dimg Igi d diem quan trgng {kich chupt vdo vung chua phim) liic xdy tinh huong, hay ehd dgi kit qud ciia sy kipn dang diln dl tgo nen sy hap dan, loi cuon HS vdo qud trinh hgc tgp vdi PTL 3) Bu&c kit thiic su dgng (HS trd liri cdu hdi, GV ket lugn gidp HS hodn thi^n tmig dan vj kiin thuc) Sau theo ddi xong doan PTL, HS deu mudn the hipn y kien ciia minh vd trd Idi cdu hdi md GV neu HS cd the trap ddi, thdo lugn ve cac vdn de hong phim lien quan deri bdi GV nhan x6t vd tdng ket lai nhung y chinh ciia ngi dung bdi vd dua van ban kien thirc de HS tbeo doi vd ty ghi chep Thdng qua quan sdt cac doan PTL, suy nghT hao ddi, kit hgp vdi kien thuc SGK de tra Idi cdc cdu hdi HS cd bieu tugng cy the vd nhd rdt lau ve kien thiic bai hgc ^ d Su dung cdc dogn PTL de cung CO kien thue Six dung cdc dogn PTL tren Ms.Pde ciing cd kien thiic cd the tien hdnh: - sa dung ede dogn PTL tren Ms.P kit hap vol cdu hoi de cung CO kien thiic: Bang cac dogn PTL ngan ggn, hdp dan GV ed the to chiic cdc boat dgng de kiem h a tinh nhgn biet kien thiic hong bai hgc Vi, dy: Trong bdi 20, GV cung cd bdi hgc cho HS bang each su dyng dogn PTL vd cdc biic dnh tgo hd Igt dd mieng gh6p Vi dy cau hdi: Em hay cho biet ro thdi diem, ten cua sy kipn ljch sir hong dogn PTL sau ?' Dap dn: 17 gid 30 phiit ngdy 7/5/1954 chiln thang Dipn Bien Phu Buc dnh chu de dugc md Id tudng Dd 46 Caxtori vd Bg tham muu Phdp hdng - Su- dgng cdc dogn PTL tren Ms.P ket hprp v&i trao doi thdo hidn de kiem tra hogt dpng nhgn thuc cua HS: Khi dan hodn thipn kiln thirc, GV can tong kit, trao doi trd Idi nhimg bdi tgp nhgn thiic da neu dau gid hgc GV su dyng mgt dogn phim, neu cdu hdi vd tien hdnh, trao doi ddm thogi vdi HS de kilm tra hogt dgng nhan thirc cua HS Khi HS nghien curu xong kiln thirc tilt I bdi 20, GV ciing trao ddi ddm thogi ye tam vdc, y nghTa eua chien thing lich su Dipn Bien Phu (7/5/1954) Trude cho HS theo ddi thudc phim "Nhan ddn Vipt, Nam va the gidi mirng thdng Igi Dipn Bien Phu", GV neu vdn de: Vi Chiln thang Dipn Bien Phii Igi Id "cgt mdc bang vdng" hong Uch sir Vipt Nam, Id sy kien limg ldy nam chau, chdn dgng dia edu? HS theo ddi dogn phim yd cung trao dpi thdo lugn, tdng ket Igi kien thiie cdt loi nhdt eiia bai GV chdt Igi phdn kien thiic dn tgp tir bg phim: Nhu vgy, qua bp phim tu lipu tren ehiing ta da dugc sdng day nhimg sy kipn lich sir oai cua nhan dan ta Chien thang Dipn Bien Phii Id sy kipn_ quyet djnh cugc khdng chien todn quoc ket thuc thang Igi, khep Igi mgt chgng dudng dau hanh gian khd, hy sinh md anh ciia nhan ddn Vipt Nam cd phuong t i ^ day hgc vd phuang phap sii dyng Moi bdi hpc ljch sii nhu dugc "thay da" hon het cung ddi h6i phdi ndng cao hipu qua Muln sOr dyng tot cdc dogn phim GV can tudn thu cdc yeu cdu dua ra, dong thdi GV can can cii vdo dilu kipn co sd vgt chat ciia nhd trudng de van dyng linh boat cac phuang phdp, bipn phdp su dyng Tdi lipu tham khdo Nguyen Thi Coi Cac duang bien phdp ndng cao hipu qud dgy hpc lich sir a truang thdng NXB DHSP, H 2006 To Xuan Giap Phuang tipn dgy hpc NXB Giao dye, H 2001 Nguyin Thi Viet Nga Phim tdi lipu Viet Nam giai dogn 1953 - 1985) tmng viec gop phan hinh thdnh vd phdt trien nhdn cdch vdn hda Viet Nam Lugn an Pho tiln SI, Vipn van hda, nghp thugt Vipt Nam, H 1996 Summary The role of the documentary on MS PP is derived from its historical value and vivid transmission The value ofthe documentary film is great The documentary revives bygone era into visible images, which will be far more touchingthan any artifact m kind Use ofthe documentary clip plays a huge role, making Bdi hgc Ijch sir Id chi sd la it easy to implement teaching thudc chit lugng chii ylu methodsmore efficiently It is a hogt dgng day hgc eiia GV vd "bridge" between the past and HS Mudn ndng cao hipu sudt present and the most effective hogt dgng ciia &ay - trd hong methods that contribute to mpt bai hgc tiii phdi khai thdc vd phdt huy tdng hgp tdt ca cdc improvmg the efficiency of yen td qua trhih dgy hgc lessons • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 84 • 8/2012 ... dia edu? HS theo ddi dogn phim yd cung trao dpi thdo lugn, tdng ket Igi kien thiie cdt loi nhdt eiia bai GV chdt Igi phdn kien thiic dn tgp tir bg phim: Nhu vgy, qua bp phim tu lipu tren ehiing... thi lao dgng cvni kiin thuc mdi Trong viec nghien ciiu kien bang sire ngudi da md nhiing thirc mdi d bdi hgc lich sir, su dudng mat trdn - dung cdc dogn PTL tren Ms. P dudng cua niem tin vd thang... dung cac dogn PTL tren Ms. P kien lich su, hay hogt ddng Viec cy the hda kien thiie vdi cua nhan vat lich sii Truyen PTL CO tac dyng thu hiit sy tdi bang kenh PTL tren Ms. P, chu y, tap trung cua