HU''''ONG DAN QUAN LI SU DUNG T 6 CHliC HOAT D O N G NGOAI KHOA v£ LITC HUONG TAM (VAT LV LOP 10) ThS Nguyen Dire LSm TYudng THPT chuyen DHSPHd''''Ngi Trong chuong ttinh Vgt rat can to chftc cdc hogt dOng l[.]
HU'ONG DAN QUAN LI SU DUNG T6 CHliC HOAT D O N G NGOAI KHOA v£ LITC HUONG TAM (VAT LV LOP 10) ThS Nguyen Dire LSm TYudng THPT chuyen DHSPHd'Ngi T rong chuong ttinh Vgt rat can to chftc cdc hogt dOng tgo iiting thii cho hgc sinh qua cdc hogt dgng: hgc sinh til nhdn thi nghidm yeu thfch li phd thdng, luc hudng ngogi khoa ve thf nghi$m.Vdi dl nghign ciiru thilt ke, che tam vd lyc qudn tinh nhiing \f trfen, chiing tdi dd tgo; ty to ehftc hogl ddng cua U tdm d ldp 10 ehuang trinh nghign cdu vipc to chuc hogt nhdm; hgc sinh ty bd tti thdi nang cao Id mgt ttong nhOng dgng ngogi khod ve lyc hudng gian rdi de che tgo vd lam thi ndi dung kien thuc vgt li trim tam d ldp 10 theo hudng phdt nghipm tugng, cd ftng dyng rdng rai huy tinh tich cyc va phdtjjien - Phat tridn ndng luc sang ttong te dditrinh sdngldp vd ky lyc ti£u sdngciia tgohoat ciiad^ng h^c tgo cho hgc sinh thdng qua ttong thye chuong 10 ndng Mue thuat cao Tuychi vdy, dungtrong sinh ''•^-' cdc hoat ddng nhu: hgc sinh ndng bdngi tti hgc ngoai khod mot tidt (Tigt 30), md - Cling cd higu bigt ciia hoc de xual cac phucmg dn thigt digu kien thdi gian hgn chg sinh ve lyc hudng tam, khac kg dung cy thi nghipm, tim vd thiet bi thi nghiem luc phyc nhftng sai lam ciia hpc cac gidi phap ky thudt vi du: hudng tdm chua cd, hoae mot sinh va md rdng cac kign thftc tao chuyen ddng quay bang sd trudng dugc ttang bj thigt nhu lyc qudn tfnh li ldm, hieu ddng CO dien, bang tay quay hay bang day xoan; de xuat bj thi nghiem luc hudng tam ling Ii tam cua Trung Quoc, cd cac - Van dung nhiing kien thuc phuong dn thi nghiem, each thi nghiem dinh tinh don gidn ngu ttgn vap gidi thfch hien thuc hien cac phep do; lya cung chua dugc khai thdc tugng Ihyc te cd lidn quan nhu: chgn cdc vat lieu nhu: mdng Gido vien len ldp chu yeu van pha nudc chanh, hgt chanh thi nghiem cd the lam bang Id dgy chay, mang tinh gidi thudng tap chung d gifta ddy nhua, ray bang nhdm thieu vd thdng bao thuan tuy, cdc, va tim hieu nguyen ly hay lam bangtee,gd gid hgc ty chgn, gido vien chii cuaftngdyng ky thuat ciia lyc - Ren luyen ky nang lam yeu la hudng dan hgc sinh giai hudng lam nhu nguygn ly boat viec theo nhdm, day Id ygu td bai tap, hpc sinh thu dgng, ddng ciia may U tam sfta hien hge sinh cdn rat yeu, kem hiing thu ttong qud trinh ; Ren luyen cac ky nang: hgc chfnh Ichod thi it cd thdi tiep thu kien thuc Nhftng kign thiet ke che tgo dung cu thi gian dg ren luyen thftc vl lyc hudng tam va luc nghiem nhu: thigt kg dyng - Giao due tinh than dodn qudn tinh li tam, hoc sinh chua cy thf nghiem luc hudng lam kgt, hgp tac, linh tap the frong nam duge bdn chdt, cdn mac chi mdt lyc gay (cac lye hpc tap vd ddi sdng qua cac nhieu sai lam phd bien, nhidu khdc dgu can bang vdi nhau), hogt ddng: cho cdc em ty Id hgc sinh cho rang lyc hudng dyng cu thi nghiem lyc hudng chftc, bdn bgc, phan cdng tam la mdt lyc dgc biet ttong tdm hai hay nhigu lyc gay chuan bj vat lieu, thdo ty nhien va dgc biet la chua ra, lyc hudng tam ldc dyng len luan phuong dn thiet kg va van dyng dugc kidn thftc da vat ran, khdi chat Idng, khdi cung lam thi nghiem; tu hgc vao gidi thich cdc hien khi; dy dodn hipn tugng, ky ket qua cua cac em Idm dugc tugng vdt li vd cdc ftng dung ndng phan tich va danh gia ket se khich le, ddng vien cac em ky thudt cd lien quan, chua qua tJhii nghiem; ky ndng gidi ty tui ban phan biet dugc hieu ftng li thfch cdc hien tugng vdt li va Npi dung boat dong tam, lyc hudng tam vd lyc cdcftngdung ky thudt; ky khd ngoai khod: Chiing tdi td uMig giao tiep trinh bdy y chftc hogt ddng ngoai khod qudn ttnh li tdm Vi vdy, dg nang cao ket kign, thdo lugn, bdo cdo ket vg luc hudng tdm vd lyc qudn tinh li tam vdi ndi dung: qua hgc tdp, phat huy tinh tich qud + Gido vien giao vd hudng cyc, sdng tgo cho hgc sinh thi - Phat huy tinh tich cyc Ngav nhdi bii 24/10/2012 Ngay duvet ddng 25/12/2012 TAP CHI THifTBI GIAO Dt/C-5689-01/2013 • HUONG DAN QUAN LI SU DUNG dan cdc nhdm hgc sinh thill ke, che tgo dyng cy va tien hdnh mgt so thi nghidm vl lyc hudng tam + Td chuc chg hgc sinh tiln hdnh thf nghipm bilu dien vd tham gia trd chai, thi gidi thich hi#n tugng vgt Ii cd lign quan din lyc hudng tam M$t s6 diJiig CM thi nghidm dom gidn vl 1^ hudng tam vd lyc qudn tinh li tam Sit I 10 II 12 Lo^i v | t ll|u Bia Cling Bu long Chai nh^a Day DSy cao su Dong CO dien Tam go Mau xop Mieng nam cham Ong nhua Thanh sat Vat bang sal Kich thirAv R = IOcm 18 lo^i 1,5 Ml dai 30cm lo^i nh6 canh a = 14cm tron loai nho dai 30cm d^i 10cm dmh 6c 18.12 Mot so thi nghiem tieu bieu: Tim hieu ban chat cua luc hudng lam vd kiem nghipm don gidn mdi quan he cua Iuc hudng tam vdi khdi lugng, bdn kinh quy dgo vd tdc dg goc+ Tim hieu Irudng hgp luc ma sdt nghi, hgp lyc cua trgng lyc vd lyc cang day ddng vai trd la luc hudng tam + Hieu diing mdi quan hp giOa d0 ldn cua lyc hudng tdm vdi bdn kfnh quy dgo, khoi Iugng cua v§l vd loc dq gdc * Cach tgo chuyin dgng quay: cd hai phuong dn + Dung dOng CO dipn + Dung mdmen xodn ciia day, d&y ldi sg ldm ddy xoay trdn < • Tft cdc dyng cy trfin, chiing ta cd thl lien hdnh cdc thi nghipm sau: SAlirgrax Ghi chD Hinh iron T 1 22 I Ang truydn nhya, day nhom Cupn dfiy Lo9t nh6 Hinh vuong Loai moi v i loai cu Thi nghieip I; - Thi nghifm la Kiem nghiem mdi quan he gifta lyc hudng lam vdi toe dp gdc khdi lugng ciia vgt vd ban kfnh r xdc djnh - Thi nghidm lb Kiem nghiem mdi quan he giua lyc hudng tam vdi ban kfnh r khdi lugng cua vgt vd ldc dg gdc nhu - Thi nghifm Ic Kiem nghipm mdi quan hp giua lyc hudng tdm Id lyc ma sdt nghi vdi khii lugng cua vgt bdn kinh r vd tdc d^ gdc nhu - Thi nghifm Id Kilm nghipm moi quan hp gifta lyc hudng ldm Id lyc ma sdi ngjiI vdi hp so ma sdt khdc nhaukhi khoi lugng, bdn kinh vd tic dp gdc nhu - Thi nghifm le Kiem nghipm moi quan h | gifta lyc hudng ldm vdi chilu ddi ciia ddy treo khoi lugng vd tic dg gdc nhu bdng edch so sdnh gdc Ipch cua day freo., - Thi nghifm If Kiem nghipm mdi quanhp gifta lyc hudng ldm vdi Ididi lugng ciia vdt ndng chigu ddi ciia day treo va tdc dp gdc nhu bdng cdeh so sdnh gdc Ipch ciia day treo - Thi nghifm lg Kiem nghipm mdi quan he giiia lyc hudng tdm vdi tdc dg gdc khdi lugng cua vat ndng va chieu cidi ciia day treo nhu bdng edch so sdnh gdc Ipch cua ddy treo Thi nghipm 2; Khdo sdi eac vgt nhp tix)ng cdc nudc quay xung quanh ttyc + Tim hieu bdn chdt ciia lyc hudng tam tdc dyng len cdc vgt nh? ndi ti^n mdt nudc hodc lo Iftngttongnudc + Minh hog nguyen tdc boat dgng cua mdy U tdm siia, may gigt long dung, Idng ngang, HI a H.l.b H.l.c H.l Dung cu thi nghiem nghien cuu chuyen dgng tren cua vdt nhddiaqugy trdn 26 • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DgC - SO 89 - 01/2013 HUONG DAN QUAN LISU'DUNG H.2.a Dung cu thi nghifm khdo sdt cdc vgt nhe coc nudc quay xung quanh true di qua trgng tdm cua khoi nudc H.2.b Dung cg thi nghiem quay coc nudc xung quanh true quay khong di qua trgng tdm cua khoi nudc Tft cdc: dung cu tten, chung ta cd the tien hdnh cdc thf nghipm sau: - Thi nghiem 2a Minh hga hogt ddng cua mdy li tdm tryc quay di qua trgng tam ciia khdi chat Idng - Thi nghifm 2b Minh hga boat ddng cua mdy li tdm true quay nam ngang khdng di qua ttgng lam ciia khdi chat Idng - Thi nghiem 2c Minh hga boat dgng cua mdy li lam tryc quay thang dftng khdnjg di qua frgng tam cua khdi chat Idng ^ Hinh thih: to chuc ngoai khoa ve luc h u d n g tam: - Trudc lien, gido vidn tap trung hgc sinh tham gia ngogi khoa va giao nhipm vy cho cd ldp dudi dgng cdc nhipm vy nhgn thftc de tdt cd cimg suy nghl Sau dd gido vien to chftc cho ca Icip thdo ludn dg thdy rd nhihig van dg ma ldp can gidi quyet dgt h9e ngogi khod, ddng thdi thdy rdng mudn gidi quyet dugc cac van de dd thi can phdi lam cdc thi nghiem - Gido vien chia ldp ngogi khod thdnh bdn td dya vao trinh dp va noi d cua mdi hgc sinh Mdi td cd ndm hgc sinh, teong dd cd mgt tg irudng va mgt Ihu ky Sau dd, gido vien phan cdng nhiem vy cho cac to Moi td se nghien ciiu thiel ke, che tao dung cy de lam mdt nhdm thf nghiem dg trd Idi cdc nhiem vy d tren Td trudng chia td minh ba nhdm vd giao nhiem vu cho cdc nhdm, moi nhdrn se nghien cuu thiet ke va che tgo dyng cu dg Idm mdt thf nghiem hodc mgt phucmg an thf nghiem - Sau mdt thdi gian, hgc sinh d cdc td tu suy nghl dg tim cac phuang an thiet kg, che tao va tiln hanh cdc thf nghiem, giao vien den lam viec vdi timg Id de nghe hgc sinh trinh bay cac phuang an cua Id minh Neu hgc sinh chua nghT hoae chua cd phucmg an hgp ly thi giao vign sg ttg giiip theo tiing mftc khac nhau, ygu cau ddi vdi hpc sinh tft cao xudng thap bang each giao vien da cdc cdu hdi gg; y, djnh hudng de hgc sinh tidp tue suy nghT, tim each giai quygt Sau do, gido vien ddng vai trd la ngudi td chuCj didu khign hgc sinh frong td trao ddi, thao lugn de tim each gidi quyet nhihig van dg gido vien neu ra, thdng qua dd hgc sinh se tim cdc phuang an thiet kg, chl tgo cac dyng cy vd tien hanh cdc thi nghipm cua td minh Khi dd thdng nhal dugc cdc phuang dn roi, cdc to se ly phan cdng Ihyc hi€n cdc phuong dn dd thdng nhdt - Cdc nhdm liln hdnh thilt ke, tim kiem vgt li^u, mugn dyng cu dl chg tgo vd Idm thi nghiem cda nhdm mlnh, gido vien theo ddi, giup dd cdc nhdm hgc sinh gdp khd khdn - Cac td bdo cdo kdt qua nhimg cdng vipc da lam, to chftc cho hgc sinh thdo luan de nhgn xet, so sdnh ket qua gifta cac nhdm, gifta cac phucmg an Sau dd gido vien ngu mdt sdvdn dg chung, cd lien quan din tat ca cdc thi nghiem ma mudn giai quygt duoc nd thi tat ca cac td phdi phdi hgp vdi nhau, bd sung chp nhau, qua hgc sinh se thay dugc sy phong phu ciia hien hrgng vat ly teong thye tg vg luc hudng lam va ngu khdng tham gia hogl dgng ngogi khod thi khdng the biet dugc - Td chuc eho cdc td thi tai de hgc sinh cd dieu kien van dyng nhftng kidn thftc thu dugc qua dgt ngogi khod vdo giai thich cdc hipn tugng vat Iy cd Hgn quan vd tham gia ted choi lien quan den lyc hudng tam _ Ket qud thye nghiem sy phgm cho thay hinh thftc td chftc vd phuong phdp hudng dan nhu da dg xudt Id cd tinh kha thi Hgc sinh thye sy da tich cyc, ty lyc hogt ddng teong hgc tap, da tgo dgc su hiing thu, say me cho hgc sinh, nhimg kign thftc hgc sinh thu dugc thdng qua cdc hogl ddng thye sy sau sac vd cd tfnh bdn vilng cao (Xem tiep trang 45) TAPCHiTHIETBIGIAODUC-Sd89-01/2013 • IrMCiHIl b Dimg ngdn ngft khdng ddng ngft cdnh Trong cugc sdng hang ngdy TTK thudng dung ngdn ngft khdng diing ngft cdnh nhu: Ire noi "an com", "uong nudc" "di char Tre ndi nhftng doi hdi ndy ma khdng can bidt khung canh luc cd thich hgp hay khdng c Nhgi ldi Tinh nhgi ldi Id mgt teong nhung bat thudng hay thdy nhdt d TTK Cd mau nhgi ldi CO bdn: nhgi ldi lgp tiic va nhgi ldi tei hoan Vipc xem xet nhftng kieu nhgi ldi sc cho chiing ta biel Ire dang cd gdng xft ly ngdn ngu nhu the nao - Nhgi ldi lap tftc: Day chinh Id kidu nhai ldi dau tien thudng xudt hidn d tee Doi luctiechi lap lgi mdt sd Idi ndi ma Ire vua nghe dugc Dieu cho thay tte cd khd nang nghe va gift Idi ndi ttong bp nhd ngan ban du lau de cd the nhac lgi - Nhgi ldi tri hoan: xual hien tte lap lgi mdt sd doan ddi thogi da nghe qua khft Ddi luc, nhai ldi tri hoan hogt ddng theo edch thay the mgt eym tft hodc mdt doan bang mgt tft don gidn ban Thdng thudng chiing nhai ldi tri hoan, trd thudng nghe dugc phdn ddu cua hgi thoai cd mdt chut gdn vdi didu du^c ndi Trong mdt sd tinh hudng, nhgi ldi tri hoan thi qud khdc bipt so vdi cdi ma Ire binh thudng xdy tte cd khd khdn vide nit y nghTa ciia ldi ndi (nhu Id mdt rdi logn trung tdm xft ly thinh gidc) III K^T LUAN Hdi chiing ty ky la mgt rdi loan phdt trign lan tod d nhidu dgng khdc TTK luon gap khd khan Irong giao tilp, cy thg ttong qua trinh nghe hidu ldi ndi cfta ddi tugng giao liep vd dien dgt ndi dung giao lidp Khd khan ve giao tiep Id mdt teong nhimg van de can ban cuaTTK TTK gap khd khan ca ve giao tiep ngdn ngu va phi ngdn ngu Nguyen nhan la cac em klid ket ndi cdc thdng tin va thidu kha nang khdi qudt, ngdn ngu cua trd cdn nhieu han che Hon nfta, Ire ty ky thudng bidu hien nggi giao tidp vdi nhimg ngudi xa la, nhung ngudi xung quanh, tranh xa nhimg noi ddng ngudi Didu gay trd ngai rat Idnteongvide tham gia cac boat ddng hda nhdp cgng ddng Summary To understand the communication characteristics of children with autism then to apply those characteristics in the care and treatment for children with autism is very important It is considered to be one of the successful factors of the intervention process for autistic children In this article we will clarify the communication characteristics of children with autism, that help to identify the most effective Tai lidu tham khao communication Vu Thi Bieh Hanh Ty ky interactive phat hien sdm vd can thiep ways with them r|CHOCHOATD0NG Tdi Ufu tham khao L Nguyin Thl Khdi (long chu bidn), Phgm Quy Tu (Chu bidn) vd cdc tdc gid Sdch gido khoa vat li 10 nang cao NXB Gido dye, 2010 Nguyen Due Thdm (Chii bien), Nguydn Nggc sdm NXB Y hgc, H 2007 Nguygn Vdn Thdnh IVd em T^ k^ phinmg thih; gido dye NXB Tdn gido, H 2006 Tara Winlerton Td chftc cuu teg va phdt triln CRS Giao tiep vdi trd em Tdi lieu hudn luy^n ngdn ngft Vd Nguydn Tinh Van Nudi bi Tu- ky NXB Bamboo, Austialia, 2002 Vd Nguyen Tinh Van Di hiiu tu ky NXB Bamboo, Australia, 2002 Ives M and Munro N Caring/or A child with Autism Jessica Kingsley Publishers London, UK, 2002 (Tiep trang 27) activities in physics teaching We concentrate to the example about centrifugal force with hands-on experiments In this activities, students apply their knowledge in to real life, but Summary This article is about how also have more fim in physics to organize an exteacurricular lessons Himg, Phgm Xuan Que: Phuong phdp dgy hgc vat li d trudng phd thdng NXB Dai hgc Su phgm Ha Ndi, 2002 TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO DUC-SO 89-01/2013 • ... Tdi Ufu tham khao L Nguyin Thl Khdi (long chu bidn), Phgm Quy Tu (Chu bidn) vd cdc tdc gid Sdch gido khoa vat li 10 nang cao NXB Gido dye, 2010 Nguyen Due Thdm (Chii bien), Nguydn Nggc sdm NXB Y... thi qud khdc bipt so vdi cdi ma Ire binh thudng xdy tte cd khd khdn vide nit y nghTa ciia ldi ndi (nhu Id mdt rdi logn trung tdm xft ly thinh gidc) III K^T LUAN Hdi chiing ty ky la mgt rdi loan... nhimg kign thftc hgc sinh thu dugc thdng qua cdc hogl ddng thye sy sau sac vd cd tfnh bdn vilng cao (Xem tiep trang 45) TAPCHiTHIETBIGIAODUC-Sd89-01/2013 • IrMCiHIl b Dimg ngdn ngft khdng ddng ngft