S6 12 (242) 2015 NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG X A Y DV*NG CHlTOfNG TRINH TIENG ANH T A N G ClfdNG CHO SINH VIEN K H 6 N G CHUYEN DEVELOPING ADDmONAL ENGUSH PROGRAMS FOR NON LANGUAGE MAJORSTUDENTS VC THJ THANH[.]
S6 12 (242)-2015 NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG X A Y DV*NG CHlTOfNG TRINH TIENG ANH T A N G ClfdNG CHO SINH VIEN K H N G CHUYEN DEVELOPING ADDmONAL ENGUSH PROGRAMS FOR NON-LANGUAGE MAJORSTUDENTS VC THJ THANH N H A (TS; S«i hf c Ngo«i ngfr, DHQG Hk N$i) Abstract: In 2014, the Ministry of Education and Training issued guidelines to develop complementaiy English progimiis for non-language major students to achieve the required outcomes and to mobilise more resources for educational institutions This paper aims to analyse the theoretical background for curriculum development (definitions, important factors, and principles) as well as practical steps to develop and unplement these English programs Key words: curriculum development; English; principles BJt vdn de (KNLNN) bjc dvra trgn khung tham chi& Trong giai do^in t o ^ c ^ hoi vh qu6c li CEFR cda cb£u Au V&i bia niy t^o thtah ho^ vai ti6 cAa ti^g Anh cdng trdt nen quan m^tUnh'lang ph^ U v& li co sd d^ dinh gii bpng Theo th6ng ke cik Ciystal (2006), s6 trinh cia ngiidi hgc tii bic ti^ hgc cho din lugmg ngudi n6i tieng Anh (ki ci bin ngB, sau d^ hgc (tieu hgc dat bic 1-Al, Trung hgc ngon ngit thii hai hojc ngoai ngft) di ting Ign CO sd B$c 2-A2, Dai hgc B ^ 3-Bl, Cao hgc 1.5 ti nguM, Dieu niy c6 the nh$n th^ i8 B$c 4, dai hgc chuygn ngft Bic 5-Cl) Tuy boi cinh ctk Vigt Nam th6i gian nhign, vi^ thyc hign dugc myc tigu niy qua Sau giii phdng dit nudc, tfr m$t thdi (fi&n hi^ dang g ^ nhiki khd khin ngo^ ngtt chi dinh cho cic nhi ngo^ giao, 7M nhSt, myc tigu cia DA nhim xiy dyng tieng Anh di trd thinh ng&n ngli dupc da ning' giao tidp bing ngoai ngft cho da pliiin hgc sinh vi sinh vign l\ra chgn phin hgc sinh, sinh vien vi cin bfi vi mfii chuong trtah hgc (Lg, 2007) DJc bigt, De in trudng di thyc hign myc tieu dd chii ylu gidi Ngosd ngli Qu6c gia Giai doan 2008-2020 ttan pliam vi nhi trudng vi ldp ligc Thti (DA) di xic djnb m\ic tigu pbii ip dyng hai, dfi phi khip vi chit lugng giing d^y chuong trlnh t i ^ Anh lOnimcho 100% hgc tilng Anh gitta cic vttng miin, nhit li gitta Ii sinh tilu hgc tii ldp vi thvic hi^lO% ldp thinh phi vi nfing thfin cd sy khic bi^ ifi ift hgc ti^ng Anh t$p trung cho hgc sinh chuy^ (Vu & Bums, 2014) Cd nhthig noi vSn thyc nghigp vi sinh vign dai hgc vio nim 2020 iiign chudng trinh tieng Anh ba nim, biy nim Ngoai ngit (d^ bigt li t i ^ Anh) dugc coi ho$c mudi nim, dd tihih dfi tiing Anh cia nhu li cdng cv thik yeu de ngudi Vi^ ti^ smh vign dai hgc vi cao (&g khfing ding diu c ^ tri tfaijcc, trd thinh mOt cfing din toin ciu, CDfing, 2007; Tiin, 2013; Vin, 2008) TMAa, gdp ph^ d& mdi giio dye, x&y d\mg vi bio vigc giiM day tiing Anh d phi thfing t5p V? tfi qu&! (Qnyk djnh 1400/QD-TTg ngiy trung nhiiu \ ^ giing day ngft pliip vi mau 30 thing nim 2008) ciu theo quan diem truyin thong Khi ip dyng Bi dat myc tigu trgn, DA di thyc hi^ phirong phip day hgc vi kiim lia theo dudng nhi^u boat d^ng khic nhu b6i duSng hudng gido tiip, smh vign bi hing tting vi gip giio vign, xiy dyng chuong trinh, vi ban nhiiu khd khin Cd smh vign hiu nhu pMi hinh cic vin bin phip quy Gin diy nli&, bit diu hgc Ip tii trinh dJ Al (Yin &Thio, ngiy 28 thing nim 2014, B$ Giio dye vi 2014) N^oii ra, chuong trinh khung d(ii hgc Dio tao ban hinh khung Ning lyc Ngoai ngtt vi cao ding quy djnh thdi lugng dinh cho NG6NNG(if&B6lIS6NG tiing Anh cM cd 10-14 tin chi, thyc hi$n vdng 2-3 hgc U Chuong trtah niy cd thi qui khd cho nhOng sinh vign chua duijic hgc nhiiu tiing Anh d b$c phi thfing, nhung lai li qui dl cho nhiing smh vifin cd diiu ki$n hgc nhiiu hon Nhjn biit dugc khd khin niy, Hudng din xiy dyng chuong trlnh tilng Anh ting cudng ciia Bfi Giio dye vi Dio tao (So 5957/BGDBGD DT-GD DHDH ngiy 20 thing 10 nim 2014) nhim giip sinh vign dat ning lyc ngoai ngft theo chuin diu la vi tliio gd nhttng khd khin vi nguon lyc vi trinh dfi sinh vign diu vio Trong bii vilt niy, chfing tfii sS t ^ ttung titah biy mfit si nOi dung vi nguygn tic quan trgng vi$c tiiiit ki chuong trtah, lya chgn tii ligu vi ti chiic giing day chuong hinh tiing Anh ting cudng fTATC) nhim gitip giio vien vi lihi quin U cd thl thyc hign TATC dilu ki|n cy thl cia tttng dia phuong vi tiing trudng Bii vilt gim nii dung ldn: co sd xiy dyng chuong trinh vi cicbudc tiln hinh trgn thyc tl Cff sd xiiy dyng vi giing dfy m$t chirong trtah tilng Anh ting cudng 2.1 KMInipn chmmg tiinh tidng Anh C6 nhilu thuit ngft khic di chi mfit chuong trinh tilng Anh: cd thi li m0t khoi hgc don lg cho mfit nhdm hgc sinh; chuong Utah tilng Anh cfia mfit don vi dio tao, cia m$t sd ho^ tli$m chi cia quic gia Tiing Anh cd sd dyng cic td curriculum, syllabus vi program Tuy Idiic vl quy mfi, nhtmg chuong trinh tiing Anh diu cd mfit si ylu to CO bin khfing the thiiu Dubm vi Olshtam (1986) dinh nghla, chuong trinh ngfin ngfi li 'in^t tii li^u migu ti Idiii quit myc tigu chung thfing qua v i ^ neu triit U vin hoi giio dye chung Trilt if niy dugc ip dyng cic mfin hgc khic kgm theo mfit dinh hudng vl m$t li thuylt dii vdi ngfin ngii vi vdi vigc hgc ngfin ngft mgt n$i dung cy thi dugc di c|p din Chuong trinh Ihudng li sy phin inh cia xu hudng quic gia vi quan dilm S6 12 (242)2015 chtoh tri." (tr 35) Nhu v|y, cd thl hiiu chucmg trinh bao him triit U giio dye chung, quan dilm vi ngfin ngii, quan (him giing day ngoai ngii vi cd thi cd ^ tinh quoc gia vi quan d i ^ ciiinh trj Dublin vi Olshtam minh hoa mii quan h$ cua cic ylu ti Htah Hinh 1: Moi quan h$ gUia chucmg trinh, mon hoc chitang trinh (Dublm & 01shrata:1986,p.34) Ctmg chung quan diim vdi Dublm vi Olshiam, Mickan (2012) nhta nh§n chuong trtah nhu mfit Ihinh ti (component) cua ho^ dfing xi hOi E)l xiy dyng chuong Utah trudc hit cin phii xic djnh cgng ding sg sd dyng chuong tdnh dd, xic djnh cic boat dgng xi hfii mi cfing dong thyc hign, xic djnh cic nguin lyc tao nghia (semiotic) vi thl hign vin bin (text) troi^ mit ngfi cinh sd dyng cy thl Tic gii cho ring, chuong trinh pliii thl hifn mii quan h^ cua S yiu t i chlnh, gim: I/Bi amng mdn hoc (sylllabus): Ngu riS myc tigu xic djnh trudc dya tifin hoat dfing cia mOt cfing ding cy thl (vi dy, kl su dign, cfing nghi thfing tin) De cuong mfin hgc cd chlic ning nhu m$t tii Ugu hudng dan dl l$p ki hoach giing day, myc tigu chung (goals), myc tigu cy till (objectives) vi kit qui mong muin (outcomes) 2/ Ke hogch gidng dgy (work plan): xic djnh did ty thyc hiin boat d$ng giing day kgm theo ho«t d^ng t i didc thco don vj, t ^ trung vio boat ding vi chu di cy till 3/Nguon bfc (resources): bao gim cic lo?i vin bin, (jfing cy vi tii U^ chiing ta s i dyng dl tao giao tiip vi thyc hign mfit boat d^ng nio dd cfing ding (nguin lyc tao nghla) s i 12 (242)-201S NGON N G C & B I S N G 4/Hoat ddng gidng tigy (teachtog activities) Ihdng tin chung (dudi dang mfit boat ^ n g xi hfii) migu ti Thdng tin mdn hoc cich thuc lim vigc vdi ngudi hpc hudng din Myc tieu vdySu cdu mdn hoc hg sd dyng cic vin bin vi nguin lyc ngfin 3.1 Myc tigu ngii di phit triln ning giao tiip 3.2 Ygu cau mfin hgc( Kiln thtic, KI ning, cing ding Thii dp) 5/ Bdnh sid (assessment) dya trgn hoat Tdm tdt npi dttng mdn hoc d$ng giao tiip ngudi hgc thyc tii^n theo cic Ndi dung chi tiel mdn hoc hinh thuc vin bin dich kilic HQC ii$u Cd thl hinh dtmg nhu sau: Hlnh thlic tS chuc dijiy hoc (Ljch Irinh Hinh 2: Cdc thdnh to chitih cda chtmngchung Lich trinh cy Ihi) trinh (Mickan, 2012, tr.34) Chinh sdch doi vdi mdn hoc Phuong ph^, hinh Ihiic Him tra ddnh gfd kit qud hoc ldp mdn hpc Theo mlu niy, phin phucmg phip giing day vi quan dian vin hoi giio dye chung di^mg nhu chua dupc thl h i ^ cy thi chuong trinh Cic diu myc vi ljch tdnh lai qui cy till EHim manh li cd thi thing nhit cich thyc hi$n vi nfii dung giing day Dilm Nhu v$y, xiy dyng chuong trinh, yiu li nd It Unh hoat vi cho phgp giio vign chung ta phii nhta nh|n nd mii quan hg quyln ty chii nhilu hon lioat dfing giing ting thl vdi cic yiu ti khic ctia qui trinh day cy dlittfinldp Myc tiip theo sg trtah biy giing day Cd nhiing yiu ti i& cy tiii cd till vi phuong phip giing day hi$n dang dupc ip nhta thiy dupc nhu de cucmg, nguin lyc, ki dyng di gidp smh vign dat ning lyc ngo^ ngQ hoach giing day, boat dfing giing day, kilm flieo KNLNN tra dinh gii Cd yiu t i bao trdm nhung khfing 2.3.Giittg dfgf tiing Anh theo Acd/ng pliii lie nio cting dupc ngu rfi nhu trilt 1! hirdng giao tiip (CLI) giing day, quan diim vi ngfin ngii vi hgc Phuong phip li yiu ti quan tigng quylt ngfin ngii, vi dii tupng hpc Tuy nhign, theo djnh cich tiidc giing day dg dat dupc myc Fullan (2007), chinh vigc hilu quan dilm tigu kiin thtic vi Id ning chuong trinh d$t ta giing day vi triit U giing day li yeu ti quan (Richards, 2005) Hign nay, phuong p h ^ tipng di giup giio vign lya chpn ^ i o Utah, ti giing day theo dudng hudng giao tilp (CLT) chile cic boat dgng tifin ldp hi?u qui Trong li phi biln cic chuong trinh day tilng myc tilp theo, tfii sfi btah biy hinh thtic trinh Anh hign dai Tuy nhign, di hiiu ding vi thyc biy ctia di cuong mon hpc di cd thi dat myc h i ^ dung phuong phip giao tilp khfing phii dich trfin Ul mpt diiu dl ding (Richards, 2005; Z2 Bi cmmg mdn hpc Thompson, 1996) Li diutignli CLT dupc Bi cuong mfin hgc (syllabus) li m$t phin gidifliieuvi phit triln bii cinh cua cic cda chuong trinh ngofd ngft, gin Uln vdi m$t nudc phuong Tiy, dd khfing phii Iuc nio dii tupng cy thl vi mgt ttinh dg cy thi CLT cimg phin inh hit nhthig djc dilm cda (DubUn & Olshrain, 1986) Theo hudng din ngudi hpc d nhfhig bii cinh khic Li flid cia Dai hgc Quic gia Hi NOi, di cuong mfin hai li CLT, cttag nhu cic U fliuylt xi hfii hgc bao gim nhfing myc chinh sau: khic, Ugn tyc dupc c^ nhit vi ph^ biin chd Be cutmg mdn hgc khfing phii li mfit khii nigm hoin chtah NG6N NGC & B6I S6NG ttr diu Tuy nhign, klii nd dupc du nliip vio m$t bii cinh mdi, nd lai khfing dupc c|p nhat ho^ khfing dupc thay dii mfit cich tich cyc di phd hpp vdi bii cinh dd (Mahboob & Tilakaiabia, 2012), Theo Richaids (2005), CLT ngiy cd bin ^ diim quan trgng Idiic bigt vdi cic phuong phip trudc dd ve myctigu,cich thdc, hoat d^ig tien Idp hpc vi vai ti6 cda giio vifin vi ngudi hgc; Myc tigu cda boat dpng giing day ngoai ngii theo CLT li phit triin ning lyc giao tilp (communicative competence) Khic vdi ning lyc ngii phi^ (gtammatical competence) irao gim kiin thdc td vyng, quy tic ngft ph^, ning lyc giaotilpnhan manh din Idii ning sd dyng ngfin ngft cho myc dich giao tilp cd ^ nghla Dieu niy till hign d chS: 1/Ngudi hgc biit cich sd dyng ngfin ngft cho cic myc dfch vi chijrc ning kliic nhau; 2/Ngudi hpc biit cich sd dyng ngfin ngft linh boat theo ngfi cinh vi ngudi tham gia giao tilp (vi dy biit dtmg ngfin ngft tinh huing thin thign gifia ban bfi hay cd tfnh chit nghiflidctrong cfing vigc); 3/Bilt cich hilu vi taoracic loai vin bin khic nhau; 4/Biit cich tri qui binh giao tilp bong tinh huing ban chl vl ning lyc ngfin ngft (Richards, 2005, b 3) Cich thdc hgc ngoai ngtt cfingfliaydii bong thdi gian qua Liic diu mgi ngudi t ^ trung vio hgc td vi mlu caurignglg (ning lyc ngft phip) dl tao thinh cic ciu ddng Sau niy, vdi CL'T, ngudi hgc dupc khuyin khich tfami gia tryctiipvio qui trinh sd dyng ngfin ngtt, giao tilp vdi mgi ngudi, cdng hpp tic de tao giao tiip cd chd dich vi cd y nghia,tiipthu ^ kiin phin hii qui binh hgc Sy thay dii vi myc dich vi j nghia cung din din sy thay dii vl hoft d$ng bgn ldp hpc cftag nhu vai trd cda giio vign vi ngudi hpc Hoat dfing bgn ldp nhan manh din boat ding ddng vai, lim vigc theo nhdm vi dy in Ngudi hgc sg phii tidl cyc vi chu d$ng tham gia vio cic boat d$ng hgc hpp tic hon li hoat ding ci nhin Ngudi hpc sg phii nh|n tiidi nhi^ hgc t$p, ling nghe vi tilp nh|n thfing s i 12 (242)-201S tta td ban tig nhdm chd khfing phy thu$c hoin toin vio giio vign Giio vign ttd thinh ngudi ti chdc vi giim sit boat d^ng thay vi lim nguin cung cip Idln thdc Vdi nhfhig nguyen tic ttgn, CLT ddi hii phuong phip giing day pbii phd hpp vdi dii tugng sinh vign de biin hoat d^ng hpc thinh boat dfing giao tiip cd i nghla E>i pip xiy dyng vi dinh gii chuong trinh tiing Anh, phin tilp theo sfi ttinh biy cic nguygn tic vi^ xiy dyng vi thyc hi^ chuong ttinh theo quan diem hign dai vi ngfin ngfi vi giing day ngfin ngft vi chinh sich giio dye Ivtahboob vi TUakaralna (2012) tdm tit bong tii liguttingcda TESOL 2.4 Cdc nguyen tic tnmg vl^c x&y dipig vd giing 4eyckmmg tiinh tiing Anh Theo Mahboob vi TUakaiabia (2012), dl binhtinhbang ip dit phuong phip vi chuin giing day vin xiy dyng cho mfit dii tugng ngudi hgc vi hoin cinh cy thi sang hoin cinh vi dii tupng mdi, chuong trinh phii dim bio m$t si nguygn tic chtoh bao gim: Hgp tic, phd hpp, dya bgn mtah chdng, nhit quin, mit^ bach vi bao quyln Nguyto tic hpp tic (collaboration) di cao nhu ciu cin phii cd sy hpp tic vi mit cich hiiu chung gifta cic bfin tham gia bong qui btah xiy dyng vi thyc hi$n chtoh sich (cy till li chucmgtttah)dl mpi ngudi cdng hilu, chip nhin vi tiiyc hi^ chinh sich m$t cich higu qui Nhiing bgn tham gia chinh vi$c xiy dyng chirang tttah cd till li nhi quin U vi xiy dyng chuong trinh, giio vign, chuygn gia, hpc vifin vi cic bgn tham gia khic d cing ding Ba mii quan h$ hpp tic ciiinh bao gim gifia bgn lim diucmg tdnh vdi giio vign, bgn lim chuong tdnh vdi chuygn gia, vi ngudi lim chuong trinh vdi cic bfin Iham gia khic sg taoracich hiiu thiu dio vi t|p quin giing day d djaphuong, cung c ^ nin ling U tiiuygt vfhig chic cho chtah sich mdi, vi cdfliigiim thilu nhflng idi ro ding thdi t|n dyng toi da sy dng ho cd thi cd td cing ding Do v|y, cin thilt phii huy ding syfliamgia cda cic bgn So 12 (242)-201S NGdN NGC & Bin S N G tham gia v ^ qaA trlnh xfiy d\mg chuomg trinh Nguv&i tfic phii hgp (relevance) nSu b§t svr cln thiet ph^ t^o m6i quan h$ hM ho& gitta t|p q u ^ giang d^y, qnan diem vh gidng d ^ vh tM li^u dugrc viet mOt b6i c&ih cy the d^ d^t dugrc myc ti£u cua chuong trlnh N6i cdch khdc ngu6i Uhm chuong tzlnh ngo^i i ^ phdi xdc f ^ dugc m\ic ti&u c6 thS d ^ dugrc chiic khdng phdi n£u myc tiSu chung chung Id cdi thi$n nfing lyc ngofu i ^ NhQng m\ic ti3u ndy phdi dupc gido vign hiSu dllQg ho^t d^ng tren ldp dS hp khdng t^o nhthig myc ti6u m6i khdi^ nh& qudn vdi chuong trinh (vf dy nhu myc ti3u giiip hgc sinh thi do) Neu khdng, k^ qud moi^ d^ cda chuong tdnh c6 ibk khdng tiiich hpp v6i dy (iQnh ban dkn Khi lya chgn ho$c vi^ tdi l i ^ nguydn tfic phd hpp phdi dupc dp dyng dl ddm bdo tdi li^u dagc lya dipn ihk hi^n nhthig t ^ qudn todn diu vd nhthig t$p qudnridngcda tCmg b6i cdnh cy thS Nguydn tfic minh chdng (evidence) nhin m^nh d^n v i ^ chuySn d6i td giai doftn did n ^ $ m sang t ^ qudn ldm vi$c du^ tidn minh chdng Tuy vi$c t$p hpp cdc minh chdx^ dinh tfnh vd djnh lupng cd thl t6n kdm vd phy thu$c nhilu vdo ngu6n lyc sSn cd tdng b6i cdnh cy thl, ddnh sdch ngdn ngd dya trdn minh chdi^ dtm nhthig gidi phdp phd hpp vdi t ^ qudn dja phuomg trdnh v i ^ dp dyng m$t gidi phdp nh^ cho boi cdnh Ihyc h i ^ khdc Nguydn tfic nh4t qudn (aligment) ddi hdi phdi cd ho9t d$ng ddnh gid lidn tyc dk ddm bdo kk qud mong dpi phd hpp vdi myc tidu cda chinh sdch vd khdtiiitrong hodn cdnh dd NhQng ylu t6 cda mpt diuong trinh ngdn ngtt Birtteflnrchitn EMnh gii nhll cflu Xic ^nh mvc tita nhu myc tidu chung, tiiilt kl chuomg trinh vd tdi li$u phdi thSng nhit Ngodi ho^t d$ng tren ldp hpc phdi nhit qudn vd phd hpp vdi trinh d$ vd Id nfing cda i^ydi hpc Nguydn tfic minh b^ch (transparency) ddi hdi myc tieu chung, myc tidu cy till vd kit qud mong dpi phdi dupc cy the hod, cdng khai vd cd tinh ^ trinh ( ^ vdi cdc bdn tham gia khdc thdng qua nhilu kdnh thdng tin khdc Nguydn tfic culi cdng vl trao quyln (empowerment) dl c|ip dai v i ^ phdi huy d$ng sytiiamgia cda cdc bdn cdng tiiyc h i ^ t|cp qudn t6t dya tren minh chdng Quan trpng ban, qud trinh trao quyln cd thl ddm bdo tinh b ^ vQng cda m$t chinh sdch b6i cdnh cy till cda dta phuong Sdu nguy^ tfic t r ^ cd till dp dyi^ chimg cho v i ^ xfiy dyng vd Ihyc h i ^ chfnh sdch ngdn ngtt ndi chung £)l cy thl hod vdo chuong trinh TATC, myc tilp theo sd phdn tfch cdc ca sd thyc tl b6i cdnh Vi^ Nam Cdch birdc xfiy dyng vd lya chpn tdi li|u cho chutnig trtnh tilng Anh tfing cirfnig Myc ndy sd trinh bdy cdc budc xfiy dyng vd t& chdc tiiyc h i ^ chuomg trinh TATC Chdng tdi dya vdo cdc budc xfiy dyng chuong trinh thdng thudng vd cy thl hod nhthig vln dl cda gtfih^hOv&1htimBa Dva vAo trinh