THLTC TliN KINH NGHlEM Phuong phap cua giang vien va flieu km hoc tap cua sinh vien l(hi chuyen sang dao tao theo tin chi • TS DdNG VAN PHU''''d^NG Hoc vien Bao chi va Tuyen truyin Trong gido due hien na[.]
THLTC TliN - KINH NGHlEM Phuong phap cua giang vien va flieu km hoc tap cua sinh vien l(hi chuyen sang dao tao theo tin chi • TS DdNG VAN PHU'd^NG Hoc vien Bao chi va Tuyen truyin Trong gido due hien nay, viec chuy6n hinh thiic dao tao theo nien che sang dao tao tiieo tin chi la mdt xu the khdch quan Tuy nhidn, dl hinh thiic ddo tao cd hieu qua can cd sy chuan bi chu dao cua cd gidng vien vd smh vien, tii phuang phap gidng day den cdc dieu kien hgc tap Bai vilt da trinh bay them ve phuong phap gidng day ciia gidng vien ddi vdi viec ty hpc ciia sinh vi6n nhdm dat duoc hieu qua nhu mong mudn chuyen sang dao tao theo tin chi Giam thoi gian giang tren Idp chuyin sang dao tao theo tin chi la "ky lu|it thep" budc giang vien phai doi mdi phmmg phap Phuong phdp la each tiep can, each chiem linh, each tac dpng din ddi tupng; ndi chung, phuong phdp Id each de ngudi dat muc dich Vay tim ddu phuong phdp? Nhd tri6t hpc bien chimg tam vT dai Heghen lai rdt vdt cho rang, "Phucmg phdp nam ngi dung, phdi ttr ndi dung de tim phuong pbap"; dieu dd cd ngbia la: Thu nhdt, neu khdng nam dugc ngi dung, khdng hieu ndi dung thi khdng cd phuang phdp ndo bet (ngudi gidng khdng ndm dugc npi dung thi khdng cd phuong p h ^ gidng day ndo bet, ngudi hgc khdng hieu ngi dung tiii ciing khdng cd phuong phap lam bdi ndo hit) Thu hai, phuang phap ndo? Bao nhieu phuong phap? Id phu thugc mdt each quyet dinh vdo miic ndm ndi dung, miic dp nhudn nhuyin cua giang vien ve ndi dung bdi gidng Thuba, npi dung chuang trinh khdngtiiayddi, thdi gian gidng tten Idp lai nit ngdn ddng klfliigidng vien budc phdi thay ddi phuang phdp, vi niu cii phuang phap cu se khdng tiuyin tdi hit npi dung cua chuang trinh; cdn neu khdng cd phuang pbap ndo hem 76 phuong phdp cii ttong viec ddm bao trayen tdi n^i dung cua chuang trinh thi gidng vien bupc phdi tim hieu lai ndi dung (phai hieu ndi dung sdu sac ban) flii mdi cd th6 tim dupc phucmg phdp mdi Thir tu; vi phuang phap chi Id cdch de dat muc dich n6n phuong phdp khdng dugc mau thuan vdi muc dich, thdi gian gidng tren ldp da bi nit ngan ddng ke, gidng vien phai thay ddi phuang phap mdi trayen tdi bet ndi dung cua chuangtiinh;nhung neu phuang pbap tuy6n tdi mdi lai khien ngudi hgc rat khd nam bat ndi dung hay khdng the bilu dugc nhiing ndi dung md gidng vien trayin tdi thi su ddi mdi phuong phap se ttd nen vd nghia Phuang phap chi la each de dat myc dich, nhung da thich hpp thi phuong phdp se cd y nghia hon muc dich Chdng ban, de tim phuong phap tiuyin tdi het npi dung chucmg trinh thdi gian len Idp da hi nit ngan, gjdng vien budc phdi nghien ciiu lai npi dung (phdi bieu ndi dung sdu sdc hon) mdi tim phuong phdp mdi, thi phucmg phdp mdi dd khdng chi giiip giang vien d^t myc dich tiiien tdi bet ndi dung chuong trinh tdi ngudi hgc, md chinh bdn flidn gidng viSn ciing da phdi "duoc" hgc lai trudc de hi6u ndi dung sdu sdc ban Vi vdy thdi gian (md cy the la viec gidm thdi gjan Ly Inan chinh tri & Truy^'n thong Sd'thdng 4-2016 THU'C T I E N - KINH NGHIEM len ldp dao tao theo tin chi) da trd tiianh "ky luat trang thi: thep" khdng chi budc gidng vi6n phdi ddi mdi phuang Thir nhdt, ddi v&i gidng viin (nhu da d6 cap) khdng phap, ma cdn bu^c gidng vien phdi ndm 1^ kiln thiic cd each nao khac Id mdi gidng vien phdi bilt "tiJ hpc sdu sac han lai" de ndm lai ndi dung sdu sac hon, phdi xac dinh ro Phmmg phdp cua giang vi6n thdi gian ndi dung ndo gidng vien phai gidng, ngi dung ndo ^ang tren ldp giam nhieu va dilu kifn hpc tdp cua gidng vien chi hudng dan vd ndi dung ndo smh vien sinhviSn phdi ty dpc, rdi soan lai bai gidng; de lam dugc nhiing Khi thdi gian gidng tren ldp gidm nhi6u md ndi viec dd, gidng vien khdng nhiing phai rdt "nhuyin" vl dung chuang trinh co ban khdng ddi, thi phuang phap ndi dung ma cdn phdi rdt trdi nghiem vl ngh6 nghiep dl ttuyin tai bet ndi dung chuong trinh chi cd the diln Theo kinh nghiem ciia tdc gja, thi cdc khoa nen yeu theo hai each: cau cdc gidng vien ciing day mgt mdn phai "ngdi lai Cdch thir nhdt la tten ldp, gidng vi6n chii ylu cbi vdi nhau" de xac dinh ro nhimg vdn d6 do; each Iam la ngudi td chiic hudng ddn nhdn thiic cho ngudi hgc khdng nhirng cho phep xdc dinh nhanh, chinh xdc bang mdt "thiet k6" Id gic ve y nhu la nhiing ndc thang van de phdi giang, vdn d6 cdn hudng ddn, vdn d6 sinh ciia n h ^ Ihirc, cua tu vdi tu cdch Id cdchti6pcan, vien phdi tu dgc md cdn ddm bdo sy thdng nhdt ve cdch nhdn thiic, each hieu vdn de; hodc gidng vien chi chuy6n mdn giiia cdc gidng vien ttong gidng day Cdc gidi thieu va hudng dan dpc tdi heu Cdntiepcan, nhan vdn de md gidng vien phdi giang gidifrenldp cho sinh thiic, hieu dugc vdn d6 hay khdng lai chu yeu ngudi vi6n thudng la cac khdi niem, cdc pham tiu, thudt ngii hpc cd thyc hien su hudng tidn cua giang vien hay chuy6n ngdnh (cac cdng cu de nhdn thiic vd tu duy), khdng; vd quMi trgng la cd du tai Ueu, du thdi gian d6 cdc vdn de khd ve mat hgc thudt vd can ldm ro v6 mat ngudi hgc thyc hien sy hudng dan cua gidng vien hay thyc tien; bdi neu sinh vien Ididng nam duoc nhung van de dd thi vi6c dgc, viec tu hgc, viec thdo ludn hay khdng Cdch thie hai Id tten ldp, gidng vien cbi tap trui^ ldm viec nhdm ciia hg se rdt khd khdn Cdn de smh gidng nhirng ndi dung khd v6 bpc thudt, can ldm rd ve vien phdi dpc tai heu, phdi tu hgc nhimg ndi dung cdn mattiiuctienbay nhimg ndi dung Idtiende ca ban de lai ciia chuang trinh theo hudng din cua gidng vien ngudi hgc cd the ty hgc, cd the Iam viec nhdm; nhiing thi giang vien phdi biet "tinh hudng hda nhieng ndi ndi dung cdn lai cua chuong trinh, ngudi hgc phdi tu dung lgi " de kich thich sinh vien hudng vdo dgc, tytimhieu theo ggi y, theo yeu cdu ciia gidng vien giai quylt, trinh bay cdch gidi quyet nhiing tinh hudng ddttonggidtiiychdnh hay gid thdo ludn; sau dd haytiidngqua ldm viec nhdm Nhu vdy, d cd hai cdch, tdi lieu hgc tap va thai gian gidng vien phdi kit ludn, danh gia va cho diem Thir hai, ddi v&i caquan qudn ly ddo tgo Nhu tten hgc tap (sinh vien phdi cd thdi gian tu hgc nhdt dinh sau nghe gidng) la hai dieu kien hpc tap quan ttgng da de cap, thcri gian tu hgc (sinh vien phdi cd thai gian detiiychien ddi mdi phuang phdp gidng day tnen nhat dinh de tiep can tdi heu, de tu hpc sau nghe khai dao tao theo tin cbi; neu khdng, ket qua ddo tao gidng tten ldp) la dieu kien tien quyet de thyc hien ddi mdl phuang phdp gidng day trien khai ddo tao theo se khdng dupc nhu mong mudn Hien (khi chuyen sang ddo tao theo tin chi), tin chi Vi vay, co quan quan ly dao tao khdng n6n bd khdng it gidng vi6n cdn limg timg ve phuang phdp tri lich thdo ludn, thyc hdnh, ldm viec nhdm cua smh (khdng bilt each nao chuyen tdi bet ndi dung cua vien lien vdi ljch gidng tten ldp ciia gidng vien nhu chuang ttinh mgt cdch hieu qua tiidi gian gidng hien nay; cdn neu vdn bd tri lich thdo luan, thyc hdnh tten ldp da bi cdt giam gdn mdt nua);tinhtrang gidng lien vdi ljch gidng nhu hien thitiendp len ldp cua khdng bit ndi dung, tinh frang "day qua loa cho cd moi mdn hpc phai dugc "gian thua ra" qua nhieu tuan da/', tinh trang sii dung thdi gian thyc hanh hay thdi ban de smh vien cd thdi gian ttip can tdi heu, cd thdi gian tiido ludn de giangtiepda xudt hien Neu khdng gian de ty hgc nhirng ndi dung cdn lai cua chuong dugc khdc phuc sdm thi hieu qua cua ddi mdi ddo tao ttinh trade budc vao thao ludn,tiiychanh bay lam se khdng dugc nhu mong mudn De khac phyc tinh viec nhdmO Sd Ihdng 4-2016 Ly Inan chinh tri & I r u y e n thong 77 ... dung cdn lai cua chuong trinh, ngudi hgc phdi tu dung lgi " de kich thich sinh vien hudng vdo dgc, tytimhieu theo ggi y, theo yeu cdu ciia gidng vien giai quylt, trinh bay cdch gidi quyet nhiing... tao theo tin cbi; neu khdng, ket qua ddo tao gidng tten ldp) la dieu kien tien quyet de thyc hien ddi mdl phuang phdp gidng day trien khai ddo tao theo se khdng dupc nhu mong mudn Hien (khi chuyen... kifn hpc tdp cua gidng vien chi hudng dan vd ndi dung ndo smh vien sinhviSn phdi ty dpc, rdi soan lai bai gidng; de lam dugc nhiing Khi thdi gian gidng tren ldp gidm nhi6u md ndi viec dd, gidng vien