QUAH l i DAD TAD GIAO VIEN DAY NGHE DAP DHG NHD CAU KA HDI TS H O A N G THI M INH P H U O N G '''' Abstract Management of training vocational teachers address the relationship between supply demand for v[.]
QUAH li DAD TAD GIAO VIEN DAY NGHE DAP DHG NHD CAU KA HDI TS H O A N G THI M I N H P H U O N G ' Abstract: Management of training vocational teachers address the relationship between supply - demand for vocational teachers The peculiar principle ofmanagement of training vocational teachers is compliant with the rules of supply - demand, rule of quantity-quality and principles that ensure synchronous operation of the essential parts of education trainingmanagement in decentralization, devolution The management contents are mainly planning, training plan to identify the needs of vocational training teachers based education forecasting, educational development planning: organizing the training process In which focuses on innovation of objectives, programs, curriculum, activities to practice their teaching practice: implementing mechanism for coordination between the schools of technology and education and vocational training establishments, the educational authorities and relevant organizations; assessment of the quality of training after graduation of students who are employed as teachers at vocational training institutions Q uan li {QL)dao tao (OT) dap dng nhu cau xa hpi thQC chat la QL "cung" dap Qng "cau" lue lupng lao ddng xa hdi ve sdlUf?ng, chat lupng va CO ca'u nganh nghe QL qua trinh DT dap iJng nhu cauthehiendtQng khau cua qua trinh DT:Dau vao, ke hoaeh tuyen sinh dupc xac lap tren co sd quy hogch, kehogeh cua cae nganh, eac dja phuong; Qua trinh day - hpc dupc to chQc phu hop vdi san pham dau vao, yeu cau cua dau ra; San pham DT trudc het phai dap ung dupc muc tieu nganh hpc ve pham chat, kie'n thue va kTnang, thda man yeu cau cua thi trudng lao dpng, cd kha nang hpc tap va tu hpcdtrinh dpcao hon 1.NpidungQLDT giao vien day nghe(G VDN) dap ung nhu cau xa hpi Xet tQ gdc qua trinh DT GVDN bao gom eac khau: )Dau vao (sinh vien, giang vien, c o s d vgt chat, chuong trinh DT, quy che, luat djnh, tai chinh ); 2) Tien trinh DT (phuong phap va quy trinh DT ); 3) Ke't qua OT (mQc dp hoan khoa hpc, nang luc dgt dupc va kha nang thieh ijng cua sinh vien); 4) Oau (tdt nghiep, ket qua nghien cQu va cac djch vu khac dap Qng nghien cQu khoa hpe); 5) Hieu qua (ketqua va anh hudng doi vdixa hpi) QL D T G VDN la qua trinh tae dpng eua chu the QL (gom cac cap QL khac tilBan giam hieu, cac Phdng, Khoa, de'n To bd mdn va tQng giang vien) len cac ddi tupng QL (bao gom giang vien, sinh vien, can bpQL cap dudi va can bd phuc vuDT) thdng qua viec van dung cac chQe nang va phuong tien QL nh^m dat dupe muc tieu DT GVDN cua tnj'dng sU pham kTthuat (SPKT) Cac npi dung QL DT GVDN d trudng SPKT, td nhdng plian tieh dtren,se bao gom cac van delien quan chat ehe vdi nhau, dan xen vao va tac ddng qua lai, chi phd'i lan Od la cac ndi dung sau; 1) QL mue tieu OT G V D N ; 2) QL md hinh DT GVDN; 3} QL hoat ddng tuyen sinh; 4) QL chuong trinh DT GVDN; 5) QL td'ehdc va phuong phap to chdc DT GVDN theo nang luc thuc hien (NLTH); 6) QL cdng tac danh gia chat lupng sinh vien tdt nghiep; 7) QLphattrien nguon luc cua tn/dng SPKT; 8) Thuc hien co che phd'i hpp vdi co sd day nghe Phuong phap QL OT GVDN dap ung nhu cau xahoi OtQngnpidungQLDT neu tren, khiap dung vao DT GVDN dap Qng nhu cau xa hdi d cac tn/dng SPKT sedatra nhung van decan quan tam giai quyet nham dam bao san pham DT dap ung dupc yeu cau ve dpi ngu giao vien cua he ttidng day nghe ve case lupng, ehatlutsngvacocau nganh nghe.Od lanhung van desau: 2.1 QL muc tieu DTGVDN.Mucm OT dcac trudng SPKT phai hudng tdi trang bi cho sinh vien (nhi^g GVDN tuong lai) dat dupe eac tieu chi da quydjnh ehuan nghenghlep cua GVDN.Trong OT theo nien che, ngudi ta tap tmng vao DT nhQng kien thdc, kT nang co ban tuong ung vdi ttJug khda hpe.Oieu giup ngudi hpc cdhieu bie't rpng, logic vahethd'ng.Tuy nhien,viecOTkien thQc tach rdi vd^ * TnTfling fiai hqc Sir pitan Ki thuat Vinh 14 Tap chi Gido due so 367 -(kil 1012015) vO^ phai cd tinh khac biet thich Qng vdi nhu cau su dyng, ttie hien si/canh tranh, vtJra the hien tinh nhait quan gida cae eosdOT cung chuyen nganh Lfu tien chuong trinh DT phij hpp vdi thuc tiln viee lam Chuong ti'inh DT GVDN phai dupc xay dung dua ti'entieuchuan dau ehinh la cac NLTH cua GVDN Oe xay dung chuang trinh, tn/dc tien phai xae dinh dupc cae NLTH ma ngudi hpc can dgt dupc (ho so nang luc cua GVDN), chung 6\J(3c coi nhula ke't qua, dau cua quatrinh DT.Cd nhieu each khae de xae dinh cac NLTH cua GVDN, each phobien nhat la 2.2 QL mo hinh DTG VDN Md hinh DT nao tdi phan tich nghe (occupational analysis) va phan tieh uu, phi) hpp vdi dieu kien cua Viet Nam, dap dng chdc nang cua GVDN.Day thuc chat la xae dinh md dupc nhu cau GVDN la cau hdi Idn va chua cd cau hinh hoat dpng cua GVDN, CLI the la xac djnh cae tra ldi chac chSn, Mdt sdqudc gia cd nen giao dye phat nhiem VLI (duties), cdng viec (tasks) mangudi GVDN trien van si>dung md hinh DT tnjyen thd'ng (OT song phai thi/c hien tgi vju*! viec lam Ketqua cua qua trinh song - khep kin} vdi thdi lupng bie'n nam cho phan tich nghe la so DACUM (DACUM Chart}, bgc dgi hpc, nam cho bgc eao dang vdinpi dung ve mdt so bieu didn he thd'ng cae nhiem vu va cdng nghiep vu supham chie'm ti trpng dang ke chuong viec cua GVDN tgl vi tri viec lam So la can ed trinh DT, dupc trai deu cac nam hpc, Oieu dd xae djnh eac NLTH eua GVDN de dua vao ehuong chungtd.md hinh nayednedmgttich cue.Tuy nhien, trinh DT Cac NLTH ma ngudi hpc se tiep thu tiong nhieu qud'c gia, ke ca Viet Nam cung ttiuc hien DT quatrinh DT duqc trinh bay dudl dgng cdng viec ma GVDN ttieo md hinh cai tien (OT ndi tie'p - md) vdi GVDN phai ttiue hien tai vj tri viee Idim va dupc cdng thdi lupng nhieu hon nam, vdi chuong trinh da bd cho ngudi hpe bie't tn/dc vao hpe Chuong dgng hon Md hinh ttiuc hien chua phobien.Oieu trinhOTdupccautructtieocac module NLTH,cdsu ehung td, md hlnh m d cung cd nhdng khd khan, tich hpp gii3a klen thdc chung, kilnttiQcchuyen nganh khiem khuyet nhat djnh Do dd, cac trudng SPKT va kTnang nghe; tich hpp giQa kie'n thQc, kTnang n g h i can xac djnh, lua chpn md hinh DT phu hpp vdi dieu vakienthQc,kTnangsupham day nghe duati^en yeu kien, nang luc ndi tgi eua cac tn/cffig, phu hpp vdi dieu eau ve si/ ttiuo hien cdng viee cua ngudl GVDN kien phat trial giao due, boi vi, md hinhOT-bai tiirdng Chucfng ttinh phai cd phan cQng va phan mem, cd OT - chuong trinh DT n&m md'i quan he eua OT dap Qng nhu cau xa hdi, Cijng vdi viee xae djnh cac module bat bupc va module tuchpn, cac module cd ttie thay ddl hogc bo sung ttieo yeu cau ttiay md hinh OT la xay d i ^ g quy trinh to chQe DT dam ddl cua kl ttiugt, cdng nghe, to chdc san xuat va ttij bao tinh khoa hpc, ttiuc tien, linh hogt va mem deo trudng lao dpng Chirong trinh DT dupe ttiiet kettieo 2.3 QL hoat dgng tuyen sinh Xay dung ke h u t ^ g md, linh hoat, tgo dieu kien thuan Ipi cho viec hogchtuyen sinh hang nam tren COsdkehogchOT hpc theo nhjp dp rieng cua tt)ng ca nhan Hgudl hpc Xac djnh ehitieu tuyen sinh can cQvao ke hogch va dupc phep tich luy tin chi venhdng gi da hpc trudc do, khanang cua nhatrudng decdquy djnh cuttieve npi khdng phai hpc lai nhQng dieu da hpc mdt dupc dung, hinh ttiQc thi tuyen QL cdng tae ttii, xet tuyen, cdng nhgn la da thdng tiiao, cd kha nang tiii/c hien ttiong bao, trieu tap thi sinh ttiing tuyen ttieo dung quy Chung ttieo tieu chuan quy djnh Oe danh gia ngudi djnh, dam bao ehinh xac, cdng khaivadung kehoach, hpc hoan ttianh chuong trinh DT, chung ta can cQ Thuc hien tdt cdng tae tuyen truyen, eai tien cdng tae vao sutiidng thgo tat eacac nang luc ghi hosP tuyen sinh de dam bao du so lupng, chat lupng tuyen nang luc cua GVDN va ghi cho chuong trinh DT sinh dau vao cang dupc nang len, nhat la dd'i vdi Ngoai lie ttidng kie'n tiiQc, kT nang va ttiai nghe cac trudng d dja phuong nghiep, npi dung chuong trinh phai bao gom cae hoat 2.4 QL chuang trinh DT GVDN Mdt dpng ren kjyen phuong phap tuduy,nghien cuu khoa nhQng ye'u td'quan trpng d e D T dap Qng nhu cau xa hpc vatim tdi tri ttiuc mdi vda mang tinh coban, hien hdi la phattrien chQOng trinh DT ChQOng tt-inh OT dai, phatttienvachuyen sau kTnang cavelhdigianvadja diem lam cho ehung it cd su g§n ket Hon nQa, viec OT kien thQc va kTnang it gan vdi cac edng vifec nghenghlep lam eho chung ited ynghTadoivdingudihpc.DTtheo NLTH dinh hudng va chu trpng vao ket qua, dau cua qua trinh DT, quan tam 6&\ tQng ngudi hpc edttielam dupc viec gi mpt tinh hudng nghe nghiep nhatdjnh theo tieu chuan de Vol each tiep can nay, myc tieu cua OT GVDN la hinh d ngudi hpc cac nang luc de hp thuc hien cdng viec eua ngudi GVDN theo eac tieu chuan nghe nghiep (ki 1-10/2015)- Tqp chi Giao due so 367 15 2.5 QL toehuc vaphuangphap toehuc DT GraAftteo/VLrW.TochucOTIahoatddngQLco ban cua trudng SPKT ttieo trinh t u t u khau quyet djnh dau vao, xep Idp, xep nganh hpe den tdtnghiep Giuacackhaucdsudanxen,tuanghdldnnhau.Ke hogch va chuong trinh DT la ma tran ve thdi gian, mdn hpe (hpc phan), dieu kien tien quyet cua cac mdn hpe, khdilucsig kien ttidc tdng hpc phan, npidung hpc tap (li thuyet, thi/e hanh} Cae hoat dpng dgy, hoat ddng hpc md taqua ttidi khda bieu, kehoach canhan thehiendchucffig trinh chi tiet mdn hpc Ktiac vdi QL DT GVDN tiieo nien che, QL DT theo NLTH la phuong tiiQeOT md, linh hoat g^n vdi thuctenghenghiepvanhueau ngudi hpc; vivay, chuyen sang QL DT GVDN theo NLTH ddl hdi phai ddlmdicanbanvecoche'QUdgcbietladdlmdiQL chUdng trinh vatochQcDT,cu tiie la: dexac dinh mdt ngudi da hoan ttianh chuong ti'inh DT, ngudi ta can cQvao SLT thdng ttiao dut?c tat ca cae NLTH da xac djnh hoso nang luc ci!iaGVDN;ti'ongDTtheoNLTH, khdng dgt yeu cau ve ttidi luong danh cho hpe tap b ^ vi ngudihpc cottie hpe ttieo kha nang va nhjp dp cua rieng minh, khdng phu ttiupc vao nguiJi khae, midn ladu ttidi gian de ttidng ttigo dupe cac NLTH; Sm dd eho p h ^ ngudi hpe cottie vao hoc va ket ttiuc viec hpc dcac ttidi diem khac nhau; ngudi hpc cdthe hpc chuyen tiep hogc khdiehuong trinh hpe khdng can h p c l g i n h i ^ g NLTH da ttidng thao nhd ed he tiidng cactinehidadupccapttudcday; nao ngudi hpc da "dgf tat ca cae tieu chuan dgt thi dupc cdng nhan da hpc xong chuong trinh DT OT tiieo NLTH dat trpng tam vao viee giai quyet van de, vao viec hinh NLTH cho ngudi hpc Vi vay, hlnh tiiuc to chQc va phuong phap OT dua tren NLTH the'hien khia cgnh: DT dira tren cdng viec vaOT tai noi lam viec Trudc hellaOT ttieo cdng viee v(3ri triet li CO ban cua DT ttieo N LTH la DT ttieo cdng viec, cd nghla la tat ca cac cdngviecmangudlGVDN ttiuc hien tai noi lam viec deu dupc li/a chpn de dua vao chuong trinh OT G VDN DT tai noi lam viec la OT GVDN trt/c tiep tai noi lam viee, dd ngudi hpe se hpc nhdng kie'n thuc va kl nang can thiet thdng qua viec thuc hien cac cdng viec cua GVDN tai noi lam viec dudi suhudng d i n cua nhung giao vien cd kinh nghiem Cac hinh thQc DT tgi noi lam viec thudng bao gom: Kem cap tgi cho la each thQc to chQc don gian nha't la ti-ong qua trinh thi/c hien cdng viee, ngutji hpc se dupc hucmg dSn bdi nhQng 16 Tap chi Gido due so 367 GVDN lanh nghe; cd ba each de kem cap la kem cap bdi ngudi lanh dao tn/c tiep, kem cap bdi co'van, kem cap bdi ngudi QL cd kinh nghiem hon Luan chuyen edng viec la phuong phap OT giup GVDN tuong laicd nhQng kien thdc va kinh nghiem dnhung iinh vue khae NhQng kinh nghiem va kie'n thut thu dupc qua trinh DT se gitip eho hp co kha nang thuc hien dupc nhQng cdng viee cao hon tuong lai; luan chuyen cdng viec cdn giup hpc vien hieu dupc each thQe phdi hpp thuc hien cdng viee cua cac bp phgn khac nhau, lam gia tang si/ hie'u biet va xay dung van hda to chQc 2.6, QL cdng tac danh gia chat luqng sinh vien toinghiip.JrouQ QL DT theo nhu cau, ngoai viee dap ung ve so lupng, eo cau, thdi diem cung ung san pham td't nghiep la dam bao ehat lupng sinh vien td't nghiep Chat lupng DT cua sinh vien tot nghiep dupc danh gia bSng bd eae tieu chive nang luc chuyen mdn, nang luc dgy hpe vagiao due, nang luc nghien cQu khoa hpe ve giao due nghe nghiep, nang luc hoat dpng xa hdi va nang luc ti/ hpc tap, phattrien nghenghlep QLdanhgiaDTGVDNdapQng nhu cau xahdi la QL viec danh gia Uieo tieu chi, tieu chuan Viec danh gia NLTH cua ngudi hpe qua trinh OT GVDN dupc thuc hien theo tieu chuan, tieu ehi (criteria referenced assessment}, nghTa la suthuc hien hay tich cija mpt canhan ngud'hpc moi lien hesosanhvdicactieu chuan, tieu chl chQkhong cd lien he so sanh gi vdl suthuc hien hay tic^ cua ngudi khac Cactieuchidanh giaNLTHeija GVDN dupc xac djnh tdqua trinh phan tich nghe va phan tich chQc nang cua G VDN Si/thdng ttigo eac NLTH cua ngudi hpc dupc danh gia va xac nhan theo cac quan diem sau: Ngudi hpe phai thuc hien cae edng viec theo each thtJrc gid'ng nhu eua GVDN thi/c hien thuc te'lao dpng nghenghlep; danh gia rilng re ttJmg ca nhan ngudi hpc hp h o ^ ttianh cdng viec nghe nghiep; kien ttiuc, Uiai dp lien quan de'n viec ttiUC hien cdng viec deu dupc danh gia de khang djnh cac m Lie dp nang lue; eac tteu ehuan dung viec danh gia la nhQng yeu cau dat omQc dp toi thieu de dam bao rang sau hpe xong tiii ngudi hpc budc vao lam viee 6[iqc chdkhdng phai lade'dem so sanh vdi nhQng ngudihpc khac; tren CO sddd.ngud^ tacd ttie edng nhan eae kTnang hoac cae klen thdc da dupc ttiong ttiao tardc dd; chl nao ngudi hpe da "daf'tai ca eae tieu chuan dgt ttii mdi dupc cdng nhan da -(kil-1012015) hpe xong chuong frinh DT; nhQng tieu chi va cac dieu kien dung de danh gia ket qua hpe tap (NLTH) phai dupc trinh bay va cong bo cdng khai tnidc cho ngudihpc 2.7 QL phat trien nguon luc cua trudng SPKT Phattrien nguon luc tn/dng SPKT dedam bao tiiue hidn qua trinh OT Trong Q L D T , ban than trudng SPKT phai phat huy npi li/c Cac nguon li/c cua CO sd DT giao vien lien quan mat thiet va pliu ttiupcvao cac chinh sach, cdvaitrdquan trpng viec quyet djnh chat lupng OT Trong xu the canh tranh, eae yeu tdve nhan lue, vat luc, tai luc phai vQa la dieu kien can vda la dieu kien du de dam bao chat lupng DT, kha nang dap Qng nhu cau DT, dd nhan li/c la then ehoL Viec huy dpng nguon luc can cd sutham gia eua cac doanh nghiep, eua ngudi su dung iao dpng, nhung vai trd cua Nha nudc giuvi tri quan trpng, nha't la ddi vdl cac CO sdDT nhan tai, OT giao vien, cac trudng dgi hpc trpng diem Cac ndi dung QL tap ttung vao xaydung ke hogch bang eae du an, de an (ke hogch dai han) dau tu eo sd vat chat, thie'tbj; ke hogch DT, boi dudng dpi ngu giang vifen, can b p Q L v a vifen chQc; kehogeh phat trie'n nha tiudng, quy hogch dait dai, Can cuvao eae du an, de an dfe'xay dung va to chdc thuc hien cac ke' hoach ngan han hang nam 2.8 Thuc hien cache phoi hqp vaicasdday nghe Co che phoi hpp glQa tn/dng SPKT vdi cae doanh nghifep vacdsdday nghe tJupe xay dung tren CO sd cpng ddng trach nhiem nh^m thu thgp thdng tin, xac djnh nhu cau OT, to chQc eac hoat dpng OT, bo tri, tuyen dung giao vien va danh gia chat iupng sinh vien tdtnghiep.Tuythudcvao npidung, can phoi hop de' phan djnh trach nhiem don vj chu tri, don vj phcihppttiuc hien Tn/dng SPKT gidvai tidchudpng, tham gia tatca cac npidung phdi hop 3.QLDTGVDNnhamgiaiquyetquanhecungcau ve dpi ngu GVDN Cac nguyen t^c mang tinh dac thu cua QL DT GVDN theo nhu cau la tuan friu quy lugt cung - cau, quy luat lupng - chat va nguyen tSc dam bao suvan hanh ddngbp eua cae ehu theQL GD-OT ttieo phan cap, phan quyen Cac ndi dung QL chu ye'u ta xay dung quy hoach, ke hogch OT de' xac djnh nhu cau GVDN tren co^sddi/bao giao due, quy hogch phat trife'n giao due; td'ehdc ttii/c hien qua t r i n h o f , ddchuttpng den viec damdimuc tieu, chuong trinh, nadung OT, eac hoatddng ttit/c hanh thtJC tap su pham; thuc hifen co che' phdi hpp giQa (ki 1-10/2015)- ttudng SPKT vdi cae co sd dgy nghe, cae co quan QL giao due vacac to'chuc lifen quan; danh gia chat lupng DT sinh vien sau trudng nhgn cdng tac giang dgy tai cac co sd day nghe • Tai lifu tham khao NguySn Diic Tri Tiep cdn ddo tao nghi d^a Irin nang luc ttiuc hiin vd viSc xdy dung tiiu chudn ngiii Bao cao tdng ket dfi tai ckp BO 93-38-24, Vi$n Nghien cmi dai hpc va GiSo due chuyftn nghiSp H& NOi, 1996 Nguyfin Diic Tri Nghiin cuu xdy dung md hinh ddo tao gido viin ki thudt a trinh dd dai hgc cho cdc trucmg trung hoc chuyin nghiap vd dgy nghi Bao cao tdng ket dfi tai Nghien cuu khoa hpc cip BO: B99-52-36 Ha NOi 2000 NguySn Quang Viet Kiim tra ddnh gid dgy hgc thuc hdnh theo tiep cdn ndng luc thuc hi^n Lu|ln an ti^n si li luSn \k ljch sir sir pham hoc, Truang Dai hocSLrphamHaNOi,2006 Shirley Fletcher, Competence - Based Assessment Techniques Kogan Page Ltd, London 1995 Shirley Fletcher Designing Competence - Based Training, 2"* edition Kogan Page Ltd, London 1997 William E Blank Handbook for Developing Competency - Based Training Programs Prentice Hall, Inc Ohio 1982 ThyGtranyva ylii phap nham (Tiep theo trang 13} quan tam chi dao td phia lanh dao nha tn/dng, san sang hd trp cho cac doan thC to' chQc tham gla vao cdng tac nay, nhat la hd trove kinh phi de'nhQng luc lupng khdng bj dpng ve tai chinh, an tam lam edng tae GDTTCT cho SV - Lua ehon npl dung giao dye phu hpp voi dieu kipn, dgc die^m tam, sinh li cua SV giup SV dfe hie'u, tiep thu nhanh chdng, dd dang thuc hien - Can bpOoan can cd ban Hnh va linh hogttnang qua trinh thay doi npi dung phuong phap GDTTCT cho SV Do dd, nha ttudng phai chpn dupe nhung can bdgiang vien cd nang It/c, cdtam huyetvapham chatchinh trj tdt, boi dudng hptrdthanh can bpOoan de'lam tdt cdng tac nay, • ( H6 Chi Minh toin tap (t3p 12) NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia-Su thdt, H 1996 T&i li$u tham khdo Vd Van Th^ng Gdp ph^n chtfng suy thodi tu tiring chinh tri dao diic, Itfi stfng NXB Chfnh tri Qudc gia -Suthdl H.20i2 Tqp chi Giao due so 367 17 ... chat lupng DT, kha nang dap Qng nhu cau DT, dd nhan li/c la then ehoL Viec huy dpng nguon luc can cd sutham gia eua cac doanh nghiep, eua ngudi su dung iao dpng, nhung vai trd cua Nha nudc giuvi... phai xae dinh dupc cae NLTH ma ngudi hpc can dgt dupc (ho so nang luc cua GVDN), chung 6\J(3c coi nhula ke''t qua, dau cua quatrinh DT.Cd nhieu each khae de xae dinh cac NLTH cua GVDN, each phobien... phi) hpp vdi dieu kien cua Viet Nam, dap dng chdc nang cua GVDN.Day thuc chat la xae dinh md dupc nhu cau GVDN la cau hdi Idn va chua cd cau hinh hoat dpng cua GVDN, CLI the la xac djnh cae tra