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GIAI PHAP DOI Miii NDI DUNG, HINH THOG VA PHDONG PHAP GIAO DDC PHAP IUAT GHOSINHilliNilGACTiNH VUNG THDNG TRUNG DO HIEN NAY DO THANH DO'''' Abstract Innovating contents, forms and methods of legal educat[.]
GIAI PHAP DOI Miii NDI DUNG, HINH THOG VA PHDONG PHAP GIAO DDC PHAP IUAT GHOSINHilliNilGACTiNH VUNG THDNG TRUNG DO HIEN NAY DO THANH DO' Abstract: Innovating contents, forms and methods of legal education to students in the universities is particularly important in the current period The paper focuses on analyse the situation and solutions to innovate the content, forms and methods of legal education for university students in Middle-Central Provinces in future N ang eao chat lupng cdng tae giao due phap luat (GDPL) cho sinh vien (SV) cac tn/dng dgi hpe (OH) d cac tinh khu vuc Tnjng tmng bd (TTB) ed y nghTa quan trpng gial doan hdi ntiap kinh te qudc te, day manh CNH, HDH va dd'i mdi can ban, toan dien giao dye DH d nudc ta hien nay, gdp phan tgo nguon nhan luc ed chat lupng eao phue vu eho phat trien KT-XH eua khu vuc trongthd^gian tdi Cdng tac GDPLchoSVdkliu vuc TTB tfong tfldi gian qua edn nhieu bateap vahan che, cd ca nhQng nguyen nhan khach quan va chij quan Viee phan tich thuc trang ve npi dung, hinh thdc vaphuong phap GDPL cho SV cac trudng DH d cac tlnh khu vuc TTB thdi gian qua la co sdde dua cae glal phap n h i m doi mdi va nang eao cha't lupng edng tac ttong thdi gian tdi, Bang Cac tru&ng BH va quy moSV cua cac tru&ng BH a khu vuc TTB T6nf sdSV chlnh quy Co s0 gdo dgc DH n 2013 2011 2012 37 235 31 BED 33 920 01 BHHuS 359 40 339 02 DMPhi;iXuan(NCL) 242 315 284 03 Hoc vien Am nhac Hiri 24 659 04 DHDANJng 19 213 2149B 521 DHKi Swat Y D L c D i Hang 0 OS 714 1250 630 06 OH TDTT Da Nlng 2147 1940 226 07 £IHDuvTan(NCL) 485 537 182 08 flHfl6nqA(NCL) 1437 QHKi^bticDaNangtNCL) 1378 995 09 715 936 1566 10 DH Quang Nam B5 11 DH Phan Chaj Trinti (MCL) 0 1B2 3B1 529 n DH Pham Van D6no D 501 ES6 13 DH TSt chlnh-M toan Tdng l a ^ Miu viJc TTB 57 284 61 746 74 939 Thuc trang npi dung, hinh thuc va phuang phap GDPLchoSVcactrudrngfiH khu vuc TTB thdi gtan qua dung dupc chuong trinh, tai lieu eho tQng dd'i tupng SV Nhung kien thdc PL mdi chgm dupe bo sung va cap nhgt vao ndi dung cho SV; - Kie'n thdc PL cdn it, npi dung kie'n ttiuc chua chu trpng tdi nhu cau thdng tin, kie'n ttiQc ehuyen sau ve PL eho SV, cdn cd hien tf/png ttung lap ndidung dmpt sdhpc phan; nhieu ndi dung G DPL hien tfiue su can thiet cho SV ttii Igi chua dupc de cap nhu: PL quocte, PL vequyen ngudi, cdng udc qud'c teva luat bien, PL vecac vande xa hpi ; - Cdn nang ve II thuyet, giao dieu, chua chu ttpng ttangbicac khd'l kien thdc ve kTnang,kha nang thlch nghi va Qng xu, kTnang giao tiep, kTnang mem nhu viet, ndi, sogn thao van ban, each thuyet phuc ngudikhactfiuy^frlnh trudc dam ddng day lanhOng vain dettiuc sucan ttiiet phai ttang bj cho S V 1.2 Ve pfiuang phap: Phuong phap giang day chinh khda, phuong phap tuang tac s u pham hai chieu (nhuttiao lugn, tranh luan, neu van de ) cdn it dupc van dyng Cac phuang phap tmyen thdng nhu Khu vuc TTB gom tinh, tn/c thudc trung uong la: ThQa Thien Hue, Oa N l n g , Quang Nam,QuangNgal,cd dien tich tynhien 21.854,95 k m ^ dan sd'4.672.244 ngudi Khu vuc hien cd 13 tardng OH, chij yeu tap trung dhai trung tam dao tgo trpng diem la OH Hue va DH Oa Nang, v f i mdt lupng Idn SV bvng khu vyc, canudc dang ttieo hpe va khdng ngdng tang len ve so lupng qua eae nam (xem bang ben) Thue ttgng npi dung, hinh tiiQc va phQOng phap GDPL cho SV cac trucffig DH d khu vue cae tinh TTB ttidi gian qua bpc 16 nhung han cheva ye'u kem nhu: 1.1 Vi'ndidung:- Npidung GDPLcho SV v i n edn chung chung, ca'u true chuang trinh cdn so sai, ehua dat dp sau kien ttiQc phap lugt (PL) can ttiiet Nhieu frudng ehua xay dung duae khung chuang trinh chuan eho tung ddi tupng S V, vi vay, ehua xay (ki 1-10/2015)- (Nguon: Tong tigp thong ke giao due va dao tao cua Bo GD-DT nam hoc 2011-2012 2012-2O13 2013-2014) ' Tnrong Dai hoc Tai chlnh - Ke toan Tap chi Gido due so 367 Cac trudng can chu ddng xay dung ket cau chuong trinh, phan dinh rd rang, cu the va hap ii cac khdi kien thuc GDPL phu hap vdl tung doi tupng SV Hien nay, da phan cac trudng DH tai cac tinh khu vuc TTB da chuyen sang hinh thuc dao tao theo hpc che tin chl, chi soit trudng dao tao theo men che, Dd'i vdi cac trudng H dao tao theo men che, ti le cac hpc phan thudc khdi kien thuc dai cuong la 70 don vi hpc trinh chiem 33% chuang trinh dao tao; khdi kien thdc giao dye chuyen nghiep tdi thieu la 140 don vi hpc trinh chiem 67% Nhuvay, quy thdi gian danh 7.3.1'e/im/i//it/ced nhung han che nhat dinh, cu cho cac mdn hoc dai cuong chiem han 1/3 thdi gian the: - Trong II luan eung nhu ttiuc tien GDPL dao tao, 2/3 danh cho cac mdn hpc co sd nganh, cho SV vin cdn cd su nham lan giua hinh ttiuc va chuyen nganh, Ddi vdi dao tao theo tin chi, ehuong phuong phap giao dye Ching hgn, hien cdn coi trinh khung cua Bp GD-OT quy dinh tu 122-217 tin viec phd'bien, tijyen ttuyen PL fren cae phuong tien ch i tung khdi nganh, dd quy dmh khdl kien ttidng tin dai ehijng (bao viet, bao hinh, bao ndi) la thuc dai cuong chiem 20%, khdi kien thdc chuyen phuong phap chQ khdng phai la hinh ttiQc GDPL; nghiep chiem 75% chuang thnh dao lao, tile nhu vay hoae coi dd vua la phucmg phap vua la hinh ttiQc dang bpc fd nhung bat cap va han che GDPL Thuc te cho ttiay, day la hai khia canh khac Giai phap dat la cac trudng can chu ddng xay cua GDPL Gida phuong phap va npi dung dimg ketcauchuong trinh khung, trongdd can phan GDPL cdsyg^n ke't huu CO vcri nhau, cdn hinh thdc dinh hpp livetilesdmdn hpc vasdtiettheo cac nhdm GDPL la each td'ehdc, tnen khai hogt ddng GDPL kien thuc: dai cuong, ca sd nganh, kien thuc nganh, Sunham lan hoac dong nha't la nguyen nhan cua kien thdc chuyen nganh va kTnang, dac biet la ddi vdi viee xem nhe, danh gia saivaittdeuahinhthucGDPL cac trudng da chuyen sang dao tao theo he thdng tin choSVi-Cactivdngchuacdcjuydinhcuttievehinh chi Mpt mat vua tuan thij tile chung theo quydjnh thiit; GD PL ap dung cho cac dditt/pngSV khac nhau: cua Bp GD-OT, mat khac cdthe lmh dpng dedam npi dung nao thi dua vao ehuang trinh dao tao chinh bao sucan ddi giua cac khdi kien thuc dai cuong, co khda hoacngogikhda, npidung naoehiean phobien, sdnganh, chuyen nganh va kTnang tuyenttuyenttencac phuong tienttidngtin dai chung; 2.1.2 Ngidung chuang trinh GDPL can doimdi npi dung nao la kien ttiQc hk\ budc hay tu ehpn ; theo hudng tang manh so hoc phan bat buoc va hoc - Hinh ttidc GDPL cho cac ddi tt/png SV thudc cac phan fi/c/jon vdi phuong cham 'Irang bi cho ngudi nganh, chuyen npanh khac chua cdsudadang hpc nhung gi xa hoi dang can, ma khong phai day hda,ehua conhieu hoatdpng kethpp nhieu hinhtii dc nhung cai nha trudng dang cd' Do dd, can: dedat dupc hieu qua cao nhat cdng tae GDPL -Trong chuong trinh dao tao bac DH cua cac to/dng cho SV; -Cae ttudng ehua chuttpngphan loai, tong hien nay, sdhpc phan bat bupc chiem ti trpng qua ket,danhgia,njtkinh nghiem vecac hinh ttidcGDPL cao (khoang tu80-90%), cac hpc phan tir vi mdihinhttiucdeu cd uu diem, nhupc diem cua nd chpn lai qua it (khoang tu 10-20%) Theo xu hudng Glai phap doi mdi noi dung, hinh thuc va chung cua dao tao tin chi tren the gidi va phu hpp vdi phuong phap GDPL cho SV cac trudng DH khu yeu cau giao dye hudng nghiep thi can tang ti le cac mon tuchpn len khoang tu40-45% la phu hop Mat vuc TTB thdi gian tdi 2.1 Doi mdi ngi dung giao due y thuc PL.Qoi khac, nen tinh toan va can nh^c tang sdhpc phan tu mdi npl dung GDPL eho SV phai xuat phat tdquan chpn thupc khdi kien thuc dai cuong va khdi kien thuc did'm trang bj cho SV hettiwig kie'nttiucvQa dam bao cosdkhdi nganh, casdnganh,chutrpng den cac hpc tinh toan dien, tinh dong bp lai vda phai dam bao tlnh phan GDPL cho SV de SV cd nhieu sulua chpn da chuyen nganh, chuyen sau, cdttrng tam, trpng diem dang va phong phu hon; -Xay dung khung chuong vaphu hpp vdi ehuyen nganh S V theo hpc Cu ttie: trinh dao tao cho tung ddi tupng SV phu hc^ vdi chuyen nganh dao tao; tap Irung xay dung cac bp 2.1.1 Bg GD-B T can giao quyen ti/ chu nhieu giao thnh, sach giao khoa ve PL, tai iieu tham khao han nOa cho cac tn/dng DH d cae tinh khu vuc TTB rieng cho lung ddi tupng ngudi hpc, dam bao "dp viec xay dung npi dung chuong ttinh GDPL giaittiich,ttiuyettrinh ttieo kieu ddcttioEUmdt chieu van dupc sudyng phobien, giang vien (G V) van la vj trittungtam cua hogt ddng giang day tten Idp, khien Sy rai vaofrangttiaittiydpng ttong tiep tiiu, ITnh hpi kien thQc, de bj "cang eQng" ve tam II, ehan nan vettia dpvamatsyhung phan, nang ddng, tieh cue vasang tao quatrinh hpc tapttenldp,tiidddan de'n chat lupng, hieu qua eua cdng tae GDPL cho SV khdng eao.Oieu ddi hdi dpi ngu GV iam cdng tae GDPL can phai tich cue doi mdi phuang phap giang day mdi cdtiie dap dng yeu cauttonggiai doan hien Tap chl Gido due so 367 - rh', - miom.f^i sau" can ttiiet ve PL cho fe/ng ddi tt/png va ehuyen nganh hpc eua SV.Khitfiietkenpi dung chuang ttinh giao dye can can cdvao nhu cau ttidng tin, kie'n thQe PL euattjmgddi tupng SV va chuyen nganh dao tgo, kipthdibd'sung, cap nhgtcae chu ttifong, dudng ldi cuaDangvaehinhsach,PL cuaNhanude;chu ttpng frang bjcho SV eae kien tfiQcvephuangphap,GDPL phu lic^ vdi chuyen nganh dao tao va cdng viee sau td't nghiep trudng; -Ddi vdi viec bdtri giang dgy cae hpc phan PL, yeu cau la phai dua hpc phan PL dai cuang (hoae hpc phan Nha nudc va PL) la hpc phan bit bupe tfiudc khdi kien tfiQc dai cuang cua tat ca cac nhdm nganh, nganh va chuyen nganh vdi khdi lupng td'i thieu la tin chi dd'i vdi dao tao theo tin chi (2 don vi hpe trinh ddi vdi dao tgo ttieo nien ehe) Odi vdl khdi kien thQc co sd nganh hoac chuyen nganh can dua vao chuong trinh td'i thieu hpc phan PL lien quan den chuyen nganh hpc cua SV thupc khdi kien thQc bk bupc hoae h/ehon Can dam bao hpe phan PL dgi cuang ehlem ti le td 3%-5%, mdn hpc PL chuyen nganh chiem ti le td % - % toan bd chuong trinh dao tao toan khda hpe, ed nhu vgy mdi hoan ttianh dupc yeu cau: "Ndi dung GDPLtrong ehuong trinh giao due n^he nghiep, giao dycDH trang bj kien ttiuc eo ban ve nha nudc va PL, kie'n ttiue PL lien quan de'n nganh, nghe dao tao" (1; tr7) 2.1.3 Cac tnrdng can tang cudng ngidung kien thi/c GDPL ngoai khoa, hudng nghiip vagiao dijc "kTnang mem" cho ngudl hgc, bdi vi, GDPL ngoai khda cho SV cung nham nang cao chatlupng va bd' sung kjp thdi cho cdng tac GDPL chuong trinh chinh khda GDPL chuang trinh ngoai khda phai dam bao cac ndi dung: - Quan triet cho SV npi dung cac nghj quye't eua Dang tinh hinh liien nay, nhQng van ban quy phgm PL rndi dugc ban hanh, cac ttidng tin djnh hudng chdng "diln bie'n hda binh" cua cac the luc ttiu djch va cae thong tin ve tinh hinh kinh te, ehinh tri, xa hpi cua the gidi, cua dat nude va eua dja phuong; - Pho bie'n eho SV eac ndi dung, yeu cau dao tao theo tin chl va hpc tap dap dng nhu cau cua xa hdi; cae quy che, quy djnh lien quan ttong cdng tac dao tao, cdng tac SV; npi quy, quy ehe cua nha tn/dng; eac chinh sach, che dp lien quan den SV; eae quy dinh cua nganh giao dye, eac quy djnh cua PL lien quan den nganh, chuyen nganh hpc cua SV ; - Chu trpng bie'n cho SV nhiirng npi d u n ^ cac bp luat lien quan ttuc tie'p den SV nhu: Luat bien ve chu quyen bien, dao va chien lugc bien cua Vl^t Nam, Luat Thanh nien, Luat Giao t h o n g d u d n g bo, va (ki 1-10/2015)- cac quy dmh PL cd lien quan de'n SV; - Day mgnh cupc van dpng hpe tgp va lam theo tu tudng, tam gucfng dao ddc Ho Chi Minh khdi SV, chu trpng giao dye chuan muc dgo dQc nghe nghiep va dao due cdng dan cho S V phu hpp vdi chuyen nganh dao tgo va g^n vdi trach nhiem cua SV giai doan hien 2J boi mai phuang phap giao due y thuc PL 2.2.1 Doimdicach thiic tochiic GDPL:Jrong cae gid hpc chinh khda hien nay, cac DH d khu vuc TTB cung can ttiay doi each thiic dao tgo dettileh ung vdi dao tao tiieo hpe che tin chl 2.2.2 Ddl mai phuang phap giang day cua G V: • GV can ket hpp hai hda giQa phuang phap thuyet trinh ttuyen thd'ng vdi phuong phap neu van de, ket hppviecgiang tithuyetvdi viec neu cac tinh hudng vabaitaptr^e nghiem GV han ehesudyng phuang phap ttiuyet trinh theo ldi dpc thoai mdt chieu; ngupe lai, can tang cae phuang phap ddi ttiogi, thao luan nhdm ttieo chu de, phuang phap neu tinh hudng, su kien, ;-GVcan ttiay doi U/duytu"lay ngudi day lam trung tam" sang lay ngudi hpc lam trung tam" Mdi G V can Qng dyng edng nghe thdng tin vao quatrinh giang day, cac trudng cung can xay dung thu vien dien tu, giup cho SV cdkha nang tiep can cdng ngtie hien dgiphycvyhieu quacho viec hoc tap vanghien cuu cua ban ttian; - Cac ttudng can trien khai tong ket danh gia uu diem, nhupc diem eua cae phuong phap giang dgyhieuquadd'ivdiSV,tQddduara cae phuong phap phu hpp vdi tung dd'i tupng 2.2.3.Damdiphi/angphapkiem fra,danhgiaket qua hoc tap cua SV: can dam bao danh gia dung nang luc cua SV, tgo dieu kien cho ban ttian ngudi hpc cdthe'h/danh gia ketqua hoc tap cua chinh minh Cung vdicaclogihinh kiem tra, danh giaketquahpc tap cd tinh ttuyen ttidng ia to chQc cac ki ttii hpc ki, cung can bosung them cac hinh thdc kiem tra, danh gia theo phQong phap mdi nhu viet chuyen de, lam tieu luan, lam bai tap nhdm, bai tap ldn, tiieo nguyen t^e danh gia duae ea quatrinh hpe t ^ eija S V Viec to ChQc eac ki^thi eung can linh hoatva mem deo hon 2.3 Doimaihinh thuc GDPL 2.3.1 Chinh kh6a:Gy sd dung nhieu hinh ttiue khae nhau: dien giang, seminartheo chu de, bao cao thdi sy, xem phim anh, khao sat, danh gia tinh hinh ttiUe hien PL G V lam cdng tac GDPLcan van dung chung mptcach hop lidelam cho hieu qua eua edng tac GDPL cang eao hon 2.32 Ngoaikhoa, cac trudng can td'chuc da dgng cac hinh tfiQc nhu:ttjyen tnjyen mieng ve PL cho S V, Tqp chi Gido due so 367 long ghep ttjyen truyen mieng vdi trpgiup phap li luu dpng;bienso£mvaphathanh tai lieu tuyen tmyen nhu hdi dap PL, td roi, tdtin, pano, ap phich tuyen tnjyen PL; phd bien GDPL ttidng qua hinh thuc tra ldi, giai dap, h/van cua CO guan nha nudc dd'i vdi nhijngtti^e mac ve PL, ve quyen k;riva nghTa vy cua SV; phobien PL tren eae phuang tien tiuyen ttidng nhu ban tin, website, ehuong ttinh phat tiianh ndi bd, tiiu dien ti/ eua nha trudng v.v 2.3.3 Si/dLBigk^hgp nhieu hinh thuc tuyen bvy&i /f/jacnhu: toehuc bao cao chuyen de ve PL, phat huy hieu qua cac hinh ttidc ttii viet, veti'anh, san khau hda tinh hudng PL, ttii tim hieu PL, xem phim tu lieu; dd'i mdivada dang hda cac hinh tfiue thi lim hieu PL, giao luu van hda, van nghe cd long ghep ndi dung GDPL; phat ddng phong ttao "van hda PU'trong nhatrudng, hdi thao, tpa dam chuyen de PL; xay dung va quang batu sach PL; tdchuc hdi gidlttiieusach, tap chi, bao va cac van ban quy phgm PL, xay d i ^ g phong trao dpe sach PL tix)ng SV, xay dung eae md hinh cau lac bd "SV vdi PL", qua dd, tang cudng ttiem tinh hieu qua cua cdng tac GDPL cho SV B6 GD-DT Thd'ng ke gido due vd ddo lao ndm hgc 2011-2012 2012-2013, 2013-2014 Thu tirang Chinh phu Quyit dinh s6192S/QD-Trg ngdy 20/11/2009 vi phe duySt Di dn "Ndng cao chdl luong cdng tdc phd bien, gido due phdp ludi Irong nhd tru&ng" NguySn QuO'c Suu Giao due phap luat cho d