TRirilNG CAO flJiNG VAN HDA NGHE THUAT VA DU LICH NHA TRANG DAU TAO NGANH KICH HAT DAN TOC THDI) TRANG VA GIAI PHAP ThS NSUT H O A N G M INH T A M '''' La mpt trong nhdng tinh hoa cija tnjyen thong nghet[.]
TRirilNG CAO flJiNG VAN HDA NGHE THUAT VA DU LICH NHA TRANG: DAU TAO NGANH KICH HAT DAN TOC - THDI) TRANG VA GIAI PHAP ThS L a mpt nhdng tinh hoa cija tnjyen thong nghethuat dan tdc, hang tram nam qua, nganh kich hat dan tdc (gom tuong, cheo, cai luong, ea kjch bai chdi eung mgt so hoat dong nghe thuat bieu dien khac) da in dam dau an ddi sdng tinh than - tham m l cua eac the he ngudi Viet Tuy nhien, cung vdi thdi gian va qua trinh phat trien eua cupc sdng hien dai; su phong phu ve phuong tien truyen tai, tinh da dang eua eae toai hinh nghe thuat mdi nhu di^n anh, am nhac, san khau (SK) kjch noi; dae biet la nhu eau tham m l eua cdng ehung, nhat la cdng Chung tre, da dat ttji mot trinh dp mcri, thi san khau tmyen thong (SKTT) khong gid vai trd ehu dao sinh hoat nghe thuat cua xa hpi Tinh trang da va dang dat van de lam gi va lam nhu thenao de SKTT cd the tiep tuc dong gdp vao su nghiep phat trien van hda, nghe thuat thdi ki CNH, HDH Tnidng Cao dang van hda nghi thuat va du lich (CDVHNT&DL)Nha Trang•mQ\casa6ao\ao{'E)J) nghe thuat tnjyen thong (NTTT) trpng diem cua khu vue Nam Tmng bg da va dang di tim Idi giai eho bai toan kho I.TrudngCDVHNT&DLNhaTranglaeosdDT CO uy tin ddi vtS cac chuyen nganh thude toai hinh NTTT (tuong, ea kjch bai chdi) cua tinh Khanh Hda ndi rieng va khu vue Nam Trung bp ndi ehung Ngay td lap (1977), vdi ten ggi la Trudng Nghiep vu van hda Phti Khanh, nha trudng da m d cac Idp nghiep vu SK tuong, bai chdi ng§n han va da gat hai duge nhung giai thudng eao cac ki lien hoan tai nang tre SKTT toan qude Nam 1988, Tardng dugc nang caja vdi ten gpi Tn/dng Tmng hgc Van hoa Nghe (/iua/K7j3/7/? Woe Trong thdi gian 16 nam, Tn/dng da BT dugc khda diln vien nhac cdng SKTT (tuong va baichdO Sodien vien hien dang cdng tac hau het d cac doan nghe thuat chuyen nghiep tinh va mgt so tinh khac nhu Phu Yen, Ninh Thuan, Bong Nai, TP Ho Chi Minh va nhieu doan nghe thuat khdng chuyen khae; mgt so da vinh du duge Nha nude phong tang danh hieu Nghe sTuu tu, hoae sdm nhimg vai trgng yeu v d d i l n cua cae doan nghe 50 Tap chi Gido due so 310 NSUT H O A N G M I N H T A M ' thuat Nam 2004, Trudng dugc nang cap Tn/dng CDVHNT&DL Nha Trang h/lgttrong nhdng nhiem vu trgng yeu eua Tn/dng la tap tmng BT doi ngu diln vien nhac cdng cho cac doan nghg thuat SKTT eua tinh Khanh Hoa cung nhU cac tinh khu vuc cd day du nang lue chuyen mdn cung nhu pham chat dao due, n h l m phat huy va gin gid nhung tinh hoa va ban sic eua nghe thuat SKTT mang d§c diem van hda viing mien ThiJC trang cdng tac tuyen sinh, OT nganh kich hat dan tgc Hien nay, eae tn/dng DT NTTT khd long tuyen du ehl tieu; Trudng CDVHNT&DL Nha Trang cung khdng la mgt ngoai le, so hgc sinh (HS) dSng ki thi vao nhdng nganh NTTT rat han che; tham chi vai nam gan day khong cd thi sinh du tuyen Nha trudng bude phai van dgng, thuyet phue cae sinh vien (SV) tmng tuyen nganh am nhac co chat gigng dan ca va cac tdchait NTTT chuyen sang theo hpc nganh SKTT Trude ki tuyen sinh chinh thdc, nha tnj'dng da giao nhiem vu cho mgt so giao vien bg mdn Khoa SK td^ nhung vung sau, vijng xa de tuyen ehpn SV ed nSng khieu dua ve tn/dng DT Mac du vay, soiugng SV cho moi khda hge chi dugc 2-3 SV/ldp Kinh phi DT cung la mpt khd khSn khong kem Nha tnj'dng BT m6i khda nam hgc, m6i nam phai chi tren 53 trieu dong de trang trai chi phi BT eho cac Idp nghe thuat SKTT {bao gom chi phi cho gid hpc, tiidi gian thuc te, thuc tap, kinh phi tdt nghiep, thu lao cho cac nghe nhan) Trong dd, ngan sach tinh Khanh Hda cap eho nganh mdi nam la 6,8 t r i ^ dong/SV So kinh phi qua chenh lech so vdi ehi phi thuc ma nha trudng phai ehi tra hang nSm, gSy khong it ap lue dd'i vdi nha tnj'dng Be cdng tac DT SKTT thuc su dat chat lugng va hieu qua, Tnj'dng da danhsudautu dang kevecdsd vatchat, trang thiet bj kTthuat (nhu nha bieu diln thgc hanh, phdng thu thanh, phdng hgc hat each am va trang thiet bi dao eu ) phyc vy eho vi?c tap luyen va - HiM t r a i l s Tt«0ig CIIVHNT & DL Nha Trang (ki 2-5/2013) bieu diln Trong s6'nhung nganh nghe ma Khoa SK cao eho cac ea sT, dien vien, ngudi mlu ;fiiunhap BT, bg mdn SK kich hat dan tdc duge khoa dae biet eua r\Q\Jd\ lam NTTT tha'p so vol eae mdn nghe thuat chu y Bgi ngu giang vien nhiet huyet vdi nghe, duge khae, v.v ) Trong dd, ban thantoaihinh nghe BT chinh quy tai cae trudng dai hgc SK, khoa SK dathugt lai dang dnhung khiiequanhday khd khan tijjig budc ddi mdi phuong phap giang day, phat huy Vl vay, de SKTT thoat khdi tinh trang "sdng dd chet tinh chu d$ng eho SV Ben canh dd, khoa cung tap dd" nhuhien khong phai la van decua mgt vai ca tmng suu tam, nana cao, he thd'ng hoa eac mon nhan nao ma la van de ehung eua ca nen SK, can hgc nhu kTthuat bieu diln, cae ddng tae eo huan; su ehung tay gdp sue cua nha nude, nhan dan va tim hi&'u khai thac each hat rieng tung vtjng mien toan xa hpi ciJa khu vuc mien trung Tay Nguyen Nhddd, ngudi 1) Vecong tac OT.Trong tat ca cac hinh thuc de hpc cd duge sututin bieu diln va tiep thu bai hge bao ton va phat trien NTTT, DT la khau vd eung quan mdt each bai ban, eo he thd'ng Thue techo tha'y, khitrong, can uu tien hang dau Bdi, cdDT, mdi chuyen SV tiep thu bai giang mgt each khoa hgc (phuong giao duge nhung tri thue ve NTTT eho thehesau, tao phap h i ^ dai, ket hgp vdi phuong phap tmyen thong) nen lye lugng keean du tai nang debao ton, phattrien dd'i vol mdn kTthuat bieu diln va ho hat, cae em se tuNTTT dtJng hudng Nha tmdng ehu yeu DT diln vien tin bieu diln nhan vat cua minh mgt each hieu SKTT, xae djnh dien vien la yeu to quan trgng hang qua Nguge l^i, neu DTchib^g phuong phap tmyen dau vi^c ehuyen tai thong diep tac pham cung nghS thi chi mdi ren luy§n dugc kTnang mua hat ma nhu lam noi bat gia tri, tinh hoa van hoa dan tpc; yeu khdng giup duqc ngudi hge thau hieu dugc y vd to tn/c tiep dSn d^t khan gia tham nhap sau vao ddi diln va vai diln cua minh, bien ngudi hgc trd sd'ng ben tac pham; vi vay, deco dugc ehuan ttigdiln mpt each may rndc dau la diln vien dat tdi Thanh, Sic, Thuc, Tinh Trong cdng tac DT diln vien SKTT, khoa SK chu Khi, Than, nha trudng can chuan hda chucmg trinh trpng ren luypn HS, SV thyc hat, miia, DT ehuy§n nganh NTTT; vda ket hi?p phuong phap diln xuSit vuon tdi tinh hoa cua SKTT, ren luyen de tmyen khau, truyen nghe vda dng dung cac phuong phap tmyen thy kien thde tien tien, hien dai d^t dugc cac yeu to Thanh, Sic, Thuc, Tinh, Khi, Than Khoa t$p trung hg thong l^i toan bd giao trinh li luan Be dam bao cdng tac DT, nha tmdng phan cong SK truyen thong va ket hc^ vdi nha hat truyen thdng giao vien ve tan noi viing ndng thdn, viing sau, viing Khanh Hoa cho SV duge dittiuete td ndm thu xa tuyen chpn nhung em ednang khieu, to chat that hai Nhdng HS, SV tham gia thuc tedeu dugc hgcsu Trong BT, phai xay dt/ng duge giao trinh gi^g thSm vai mau, trich doan eae vd ma nha hat day NTTT chat lugng, chuan muc, cai tien chuong dang cdng diln de cae em duge the hidn vai didn, trinh phii hgp vd^ thdi dai Can ket hgp chat che giiia dugc tiep c^n vdi khong lam viec va phong each viee day chinh quy bai ban vdi day theo kieu tmyen bi^u diln nghg thuat cOa nha hat HS, SV duge nit thdng (tmyen ngdn, tmyen nghe) cua cac nghe nhan, kinh nghipm tdng buoi tap, tdng vai diln va ed nghe sT Bieu se giup ngudi hpc cd dieu kien tiep baiviStthu hogch sau kithucte',thuetap.De giiip cho can vdi each diln tau dan gian Tao dieu kien cho SV cdng tac DT cang ehuyen sau, Tmdng da mcri nam eudi di thuc tap d eac don vi nghe thuat tmyen nhiJng ngh| nhan, nghe sT uu tii ctja nha hat NTTT thong de cae em ed dip cg xat vdi thue te Tao dilu Khanh Hda giang day theo Id'i tmyen nghe, earn tay kign va djnh hudng eho SV de tmdng cae em chi viSc dt^t ca cac mon ehuyen nganh (hat, vu dao, tim dugc mgt cong viee d'n djnh, diing nganh nghe vaimau, trich doan mlu, hda trang, cae mdn cosd ),BT, dam bao ddi sdng t^o su hiJfng thu, nilm dam me sang tao nghe thuat Viec lien ket BT giOa eac CO sd nuce va nude cho ngudi hgc ngoai cung la giai phap quan trgng Ben canh viec et/ giang vien, SV gidi di hgc tap, nghien cdu dcae nude 3,Dd*xuS^m9tsd'glalphapbaot6n,phathuy cdnen van hda tuong dong vdi VietNam, tang cudng ngh^thuft SKTT Viet Nam CdthekhSng djnh, xahoi hien tai khong may tiuan cae chuyen giao luu, bieu diln cho HS,SV.Baysela Ipi cho eac logi hinh nghe thuat tmyen thcHig phattrienCO hpi de cac em ren luyen kT nang bieu diln NTTT (Ihfiihp tre it dugc tiep xiic vdi NTTT, hpehi thdi ki hoi nhap Ciing vdi dd, viee trao dd'i, phdi quen vdi cac chuong trinh gi^ tri hien dai; cac phuong hgp giua cac co sd DT nude se tao nen dien ti$n tmyen thdng it dua tin ve cae nghe st, cac hgc mao mdi cdng tac BT v(6nttieohgc NTTT, ma chu yeu la gkji thieu, quang (ki 2-5/2013)- 2) Co quan quan li:H\en nay, mdcthu nhgp Tap chi Giao due so 310151 binh quan eiia giao vien SKTT, nghe sT nha hat tmyen thdng.- so vdi mat bang ehung ciia xa hdi cdn rat thap Vain de dat la lam the nao de ngudi nghe sT yeu nghe, say nghe, cd the sdng b i n g nghe, ton tai vdi nghe, phat trien nghe (ca nude va dugc the gidi biet tdi) chd khong chi la lam the nao de nghe ay khdng mat di; lam the nao de cheo, tudng, cai luong, dan ea bai choi cd dat dien, cd khan gia that s u eija rieng minh trude ed duge khan gia dai tra Nhung cau hdi ludn lam nhuc nhdi nhung ngudi cuoe va trd nen bde thiet hon bao gid het, ddi hdi co quan quan li can e d s u d a u t u d u n g mdc v e c o sdvat chat, dgi ngu can bg, giao vien chuyen nganh VHNT; bo sung kinh phi DT, chi dao dinh hudng ve chien luge phat trien eho eae trudng VHNT xu the hpi nhap vaphat trien hien nay; Nha nude can ed ehe dp dai ngd xung dang doi vdi nhdng giao vien eua SKTT, eae tai nang tre HS, SV d Unh vuc VHNT, ed ehinh sach uu tien dae biet eho eac em hpe nganh SK 3) Phuong tien truyen thong: Cong tac tuyen tmyen, quang ba giup cho khan gia - gidi tre biet va hieu h o n v e v a n h d a d a n toe, biet ton trpng, gin giu de t d d d cong Chung hieu va yeu men nghethuat tmyen thong se tao nen sdc sd'ng lau dai eho loai hinh nghe thuat Vi vay, can tang eudng phdi hop ehat che hon nda gida co sdOT vdi eae eoquan, ban, nganh eac hoat dpng nghe thuat nhu nghe thuat dudng pho, hdi diln van hda nghe thuat quan ehung, g i n hoat dgng SK vung mien vdi hoat dgng du lich; dong thdi tang eudng eong tae tuyen tmyen, giao dye tham mT nghe thuat SKTT tren eac phuong tien thdng tin dai ehung, dUa chuong trinh tim hieu SK vao hge dudng; xay dung eac eau lae bg SKTT vdi nhung hinh thdc nghe thuat tuong ting tmdng; hang nam td'chdc eac cugc thi veSKTT cho HS, S V Ben canh dd, cae nha quan li cung can tao mgt san choi mdi eho cac ban tre vdi hinh thuc giai tri vui nhdn, nhung ngi dung bo ich gan lien vdi tim hie'u NTTT; to' chdc cae cugc thi eho nhieu doi tugng tham gia, ed giai thudng hap dan SKTT phai tt/ doi mdi tu duy, nep nghT, each lam de tucdu minh Dpi ngu cae nha quan li, diln vien de sdng dugc vdi nghe khong ehi can cd su dam m e ma phai biet hi sinh de gid nghe SKTT chinh la ket tinh cua vSn hda dan tgc, la san pham cua Ijeh su Tn/t^g CDVHNT-DL Nha Trang cam ket thuc hien dung 52 Tap chi Gido due so 310 nhiem vy DT va rat can cd dugc suchung tay ciia cac CO quan to chiic, ea nhan de eong tac BT cija nha tmdng dap ung du va kip thdi nguon diln vien tre ed trinh dp, tam huyet vdi nghe cho Nha hat NTTT ttrih Khanh Hoa va cac tinh khu vue, gdp phan bao ton, gin giuva phat huy NTTT cua dan tpc, dae biet bao ton nghe thuat dan ea bai chdi dang trinh UNESCO cdng nhan Disan Van hoa phivatthethS' gidi, dua eong tae DT ciia nha tmdng cang tien xa hon nua, gdp phan tao nen dien mao mdi cho SKTT nude nha • Nang cao hieu qua giang day (Tiep theo trang 37} GDH la mdn hpc NVSP Vigc giang day, hgc tap mdn GDHXheo dinh hudng ren luyen NVSP la mpt viec lam quan trpng vacan thiet Denang cao hieu qua giang day mdn GDH eho SV theo dinh hudng ren luyen NVSP can thUe hien cac bien phap: nang eao nhan thue eua SV ve myc tieu, nhiem vu mdn hpc; lap danh muc KN nghe nghiep c^n hinh cho SV qua men GDH; phan tich mdi quan he giuaji thuyet vathuc hanh, ki§'n thde vaKNm6n hpe n h i m djnh hudng eho vigc giang day, hgc tap va ren luyen; tang cudng to chdc hoat dpng ngogi khda mdn h p c G Tai lieu ttiam kliao Nguyen Nhu An Phiimig p h ^ p day IIQC gi^o diic hoc (tap 1.2) NXB Dgi hoc qu6c gia Hd N^i, H 1997 Trin Thi Tuy^t Oanh Giao dtJC KQC (tap 1,2) NXB Dgi hoc suphgm Hd Ndi, H 2006 Pham ViS't Vupng Gido due hpc NXB Dgi HQC SU pham Ha Ngi, H 2008 Thai Duy Tuyfin P h u v n g phdp daty hpc t n i y i n thd'ng va ddi moi NXB Gido due, H 2008 Pham Trung Thanh (chii biCn) - Nguyfin Thi L;? R e n l u y e n n g h i e p vij sir p h a m t h u v n g xuyfin NXB Dgi hgc suphgm Hd Ndi, H 2008 SUMMARY Deriving from the state of teaching and studying the course Education at Tay Bae University, the arUcle refers to a number of methods to improve the efficiency of teaching Education oriented pedago^cal training, including: 1) Raising students' awareness about the objectives and tasks of the course: 2} Making a list of the required professional skills for students through the module: 3} Analyzing the association between theory and practice, knowledge and skills: 41 Strengthening extracurricular activities -(ki2-5/2013) ... CDVHNT-DL Nha Trang cam ket thuc hien dung 52 Tap chi Gido due so 310 nhiem vy DT va rat can cd dugc suchung tay ciia cac CO quan to chiic, ea nhan de eong tac BT cija nha tmdng dap ung du va kip... hoa phivatthethS'' gidi, dua eong tae DT ciia nha tmdng cang tien xa hon nua, gdp phan tao nen dien mao mdi cho SKTT nude nha • Nang cao hieu qua giang day (Tiep theo trang 37} GDH la mdn hpc... ehung, dUa chuong trinh tim hieu SK vao hge dudng; xay dung eac eau lae bg SKTT vdi nhung hinh thdc nghe thuat tuong ting tmdng; hang nam td''chdc eac cugc thi veSKTT cho HS, S V Ben canh dd, cae nha