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Ki NANG D p c VAN TIENG VIET CUA HOC SINH litP 1 NGirCd DAN TOC Cd HO ThS C A O X U A N U ^ U " Kinang (KN) dpc ehulieng Viet (TV), xet ve kT thuat doe, la mdt yeu eau quan trpng trong nha tn/dng ndi[.]
K i N A N G D p c VAN TIENG VIET CUA HOC SINH litP NGirCd DAN TOC Cd HO ThS K inang (KN) dpc ehulieng Viet (TV), xet ve kT thuat doe, la mdt yeu eau quan trpng nha tn/dng ndi ehung, tn/dng tieu hpe cung nhulc^jl ndi neng.Oayiampttrong nhung KN giao tiep ca ban va ed quan he chat che vdi cac KN Idi ndi khac nen dupc hinh va phat trien tot d HS Idp 1, nd se tao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho cac KN giao tiep Idi ndi khac phat trien, tren eo sd dd viee finh hpi mdn TVaHS tn? nen d l dang, nhanh chdng va ed chat luang han, Trong dd, KN doc van la mpt nhiing KN Idi ndi can bande HS thyc hien cac hoat ddng dpc nham chiem linh tri thue HS idp ngudi dan Ide (DT) Co Ho khu vye Tay Nguyen ndi ehung va dtinh Lam Oong ndi rieng gap rait nhieu khd khan ve dieu kien sd'ng, sinh hoalva hpc tap Oac biet ngdn nguTV la mpt rao can khdng d l vuplqua khitre den tn/dng lieu hpe Ben canh nhung khd khan ve KN viet, tre ciing gap nhieu khd khan ndi vaphat am TV nguyen nhan chu yeu la giao thoa ve ngdn ngu'va mdi tn/dng tieng Doi tupng, khach the, tieu chi danh giava phuong phap nghien cihi Nghien cuu duoc tien hanh tren 210 HS Idp ngucn DTCO Ho dtinh Lam Dong nam hpc 20112012 Do tinh chat dae thii ve khach the va doi tupng nghien cuu, nhdm nghien ci/u dasi/dung eae phuang phap ca ban nhu thye nghiem nhan biet, quan sat phdng vain Dya tren ea sd li luan ve KN KN Idi ndi, KN dpc chuTV, chiing tdi eho rang, KN dpc ehu'TV/a St/ran dung tn thdc, kinh nghiem vingdn ngO TV vac thuc hien cd hieu qua boat dgng doe nhi/ng van ban khae mot linh vuc nao dd Can cd vao dieu kien nghien euu, viec xem xet, danh gia KN dpc van TV (xet ve kithuat dpc diing) cua HS Idp ngudi DT Co Ho dya tren muc dp: lot, kha, tmng binh, yeu kem va theo tieu chi: tinh thuan thuc, tinh linh hoat, tinh sai pham Cach tinh: lay diem cao nhat cua thang j diem) tnjf di diem tha'p nhat eua thang la diem va chia cho muc Oiem chenh lech gii/a eac 48 Tap chi Gido due so 309 CAO XUAN U^U" mdc la 0,80 diem Ty dd, cae mdc dp cua thang dupc tinh nhusau: -Oiem tnjng binh (OTB) < 1.8: KN dmue dp kem (muc 5); • DTB td 1,80 den < 2,60: KN dmdc dp yeu (muc 4); -OTB ty 2,60 den < 3,40: KN d m y c dp tmng binh (myc 3); - D T B ty3,40 den < 4,20: KN d myc dp kha (myc 2); - DTB tu4,20 den < 5: KN d mue dp tot (myc 1) Thue trang KN dpc van TV Trong TV, van la dan vi co ban ket hpp vdi eae phu am de tao tu Cd rait nhieu loai van TV: nguyen am, nguyen am va phy am, nguyen am, nguyen am dau v a phy am cud'i, nguyen am dau va phu am cud'i, Vilhe, de nghien ciiU mang tinh da dien, chiing tdi khao sat tren dai dien cua eac loai van TV vua ke tren 1) Tinh thuan thue eua KN dgc van la sy van dyng phu hc^ cae thao tae cua KN ghep cac ehi? cai van va phal am ehinh xae van dd Tinh thuan thye dupe the hien d sy thao eua tiftig thao tac va sy ket hcfp hop li cac Ihao lac ve so lupng va trinh ty qua trinh dpc van Detim hieu linh thuan thuc cua KN dpc van TV, chiing tdi eho HS dpc 25 van khac chuong trinh TV 1,ketqualhu dupe nhusau (xem bangl) Nhin vao bang tren, nhan thay, HS dat mdc'Ihanh thao" chiem sd'lupng rat it, dae biet khdng ed HS nao dmue dp "hoan toan thao", chu yeu roi vao mii'c "binh thudng" va"lung tiing", mpt sd'em roi vao tn/dng hpp "rail lung tung" (tuc mye tha'p nhat) dae biet P nhimg van khd hoae van ed nguyen am holic phy amgheplai.Vidu,van"udrcdlPi125HSdmyc1ung liing" va cd 70 HS d mue "rat lung tiing" Xel van cd hai nguyen Sm nhu: "ia", "ay", "ua", "eo" "ur, "iu", "or HS dat d myc thao va binh thudng, dd mdc binh thudng chiem so lupng nhieu han So sanh vdi tieng Ca Ho, lieng Co Ho eiing ed cac nguyen am ddi, nguyen am kep nen nang luc danh van (doe van) eua HS ed the tot hon 'HpcrienQiiailigiaodDC -(kil-5/2013) Bangt Tinh thuan thuc KN doc van TV " :ôãã C K n w cut IMi t u i n l ô c DIB ãMiliw a ã ua i ItJ t tn V M li I7S - ^_ » " tu 10 " IS d 17 » 1,73 0.5S 14 2.SI Its Mi 30 14 310 10 48 "iio" S2,4 iO a.*a B.66 M£ ISO o.sa ors 90 t:,s 80 38.1 30 143 2X i 2,4 100 47,6 105 50 1.52 0.54 GS S 2,4 GO a.B Its IS 71 BO 381 15 3J6 US S4J 80 3t1 I.S9 0^ VJndyrigdiracil "lis 64J ts 2)4 t.92 059 B«nihuai>9 2,t 50 as 155 73G 1.28 Mvtndvng 1S5 73fl !,4 140 10 4,B 115 S4.S 2S lis 100 47,6 Yto" "so" 68 7~ as 4C.S 23,8 IS 7,1 ISO 85,7 15 7,1 d 3S 1B,7 eo !8,6 lis 548 IS 7,1 115 S4G IIS sa,s ao 38.1 IS 7,1 i» 57,1 *"" % t SL KtunfuUi«ng 14 t7G ay ua,su SL i ty 571 "135 90 429 65 310 10 Big ang ung ^'iiToT SL \ "-^uT SL 24 130 619 no" l t ~ ~ Its 75 357 GS GS 24 31 mo i\o 3,07 051 '« 24 7.S0 o.sa Z« OM 2.S4 0.57 19 J] 15 3.0 0.37 IBI 0.75 3G,) l,G9 0.59 24 tsr 0,54 7S J5,7 ri 0.59 SO HotnioAnlirAho;! EMmTB 42 2.40 2,40 2.28 1,30 SO 0,49 0,GS 0,53 0,50 0.4< 0.5/ Ti/ang tu, nhi/ng van co nguyen am va phu am nhu: "Sm", ' u f , "em", 'am', ia so flat muc "binh Ihucfng'va "lung lung" Bang tren cung cho thay dnhung van nguyen am hoae phu am ghep lai, so HS dat KN dpc khong cao, tham chi la rat thap Vi du, d van "leng", co 155 em i miic "rat lung tung" (73,80%) 50 em a muc "lung tiing" (23,80%) va chi co HS dat miiK "binh thudng" Thuc te quan sat HS qua trinh nghien ciiu cho thay, cac em gSp rat nhieu kho khan danhvan.6edpcducrcm6lvan,cacemphaimatm6t khoang thcri gian kha iau (trigiac mpt liic moidanh van dupc) Quatrinh danh van chua thuan thuc the hien chdcac em chua dpc dupc ma phai co thao tac ghep cac chi? cai lai vcri nhau, sau moi CO thedanh v^n toan bp Nhi?ng khao sat tren cho thay KN dpc van TV cua HS lop ngucri DT Co Ho xep dmiic yeu xet ve tinh thuan thuc, vcri diem tnjng binh 2,32 2) Tinh linh hoat cua KN dpc van TV la su the hi#n on dinh, ben viing vasang tao cua KN dpc tid'ng cac van cac dieu kipn khac cua hpat d^ng dpc Tinh linh hoat KN dpc van TV cua HS lop (kil'5/2013)- Qca»i]irociih»!j| Ucmiic 0.49 ZS? 0.62 ns" ngua DT Co Ho dupc khao sat dua tren viec thiet ke cac nhom van co cung nguyen am hoae phu am Neu nguyen am ket hcfp vcri nguyen am hoae phu am khac thi se cho nhung van voi cac am khae Coeac loai van nhusau: loaieocungl nguyen am dau, loai co cung mpt nguyen am cuoi, loai co Cling phu am cuoi, loai eo cung phu am cuoi, loai CO Cling nguyen am dau Ket qua khao sat duoc ' " " hpp dbang sau: Bang! Tinh Inh hoalKNiJgc van TV 30 - IS O.SS 2.57 GO 21 on 053 G1,9 H utng oil 333 30 •"S 0.40 70 83.3 14 22S 595 6i MJ "«" J3J GO s 10 70 17S 30 571 'l?5^ BS 49 2X K «0 SD naki^tifig 13S J64 11 B m itng UJ IS T i imi IS L > v ^ 7s r » 24 ing [ 11 % " 'T "" < M M ^ W ' ) * •" I nortitoc Tir bang tren, xet mdt each tong quat, sulinh hoat KN dpc van TV cua HS lap ngudi DT Co Ho 1^ thap Phd' diem chu yeu tap tnjng d mut "van dung dugc i f v a mire "binh thucmg" dvan c62 nguyen am "ay", "ua", "au", "ao", "iu" co tdi 120 HS o mi>c "van dung duocifvaQO HS datdmuc "binh thudng", Tuang tu, van ed eung phu am cud'i, ed tdi 130 em dat m\tc "van dyng dugc i f va chf cd 75 em d m \lc "binh thudng", em o mu-c "biet van dyng linh hoaf Dae biet, ovan ed eung phy am cud'i "ong", "eng", "ung", "ang", "ang", cd em dat muc thap nhat (muc "hau nhukhdng van dung dugc"), 140 HS dmue "van dung dugc i f v a c h i ed65 HS amue "binh thucfng" Viec trigiac hinh anh chude dgc len diing am la mdt nang luc rat quan trgng eua nguoi dgc Mac dii d nhung van khae cd mdt so nguyen am hoae phu am gid'ng nhau, nhung ghep vcri nhung nguyen am va phy am khae thiam "vang" len dau ngudi doc va "phat" Ihanh tieng ben ngoai la khac HS kjp nguoi DT Ca Ho chua biet linh hoat ehuyen cac am khac dgc nhOng v l n nhuvay Khiquan sat HS doe van "ur va van "oi" ehung tdi tha'y, each danh van cua HS thi dung nhung trgng am (am chinh) lai rai vao T ehu khdng phai la "u" hay "o" Vi vay ma viee danh van, phat am eua cac em sal vdi am ehuan cua van Dieu d i n den m uc KN dgc cua eac em la tha'p Ket qua xu li so lieu dbang dudi day cho thaiy tinh linh hoat KN dgc van TV cua HS idp nguoi DT Ca Ho v l n d m u t yeu, vdi diem trung binh 2,36 Tap chi Gido due so 309 149 3) Tinh sai pham cua KN doe van /"fthe hien d viec mac 161 hay khdng m§c Idi tien hanh hoat dpng dpc van tieng De danh gia tinh sai pham KN doc van TV, Chung tdi cho HS dgc 25 van khae chuang trinh hoc theo quy djnh vcfi su da dang cua eae loai van Ket qua thu duae nhu sau: Bang Tinh sai pham KN doc van TV U c mOc o u OrMa phani " Oc (M Hominn U k l l i a i M3c,*.*u*, n e r g m i c M Hdnqnilclei SL SL •f SL SL i» a Vtl % % S SL % „ 0.6G Tinh linh h o a t 2,36 0.23 Y6U T i n h sai p h a m 2,46 0.2S Yeu 105 too SO 38,1 24 24 15 M 140 66,7 SO 23 G 50 23G 115 54G 35 18,7 I G 135 It *t to 1] «u 25 2B£ 70 33,3 eo 3S,1 25 119 125 595 24 125 595 75 35,7 4J 175 G3,3 25 11,9 1.92 D.4I> 119 lOS 50.0 SD 33,1 2.73 0,6S 2"4 6l",9 10 Ts' 125~ 59,5 GO !8 4S 214 24 75 Ytfu l,3S 0,53 71^4 35 Chung D.7S 52,4 S 9.5 1)0 3,00 0.43 110 2S,« 20 x e p m i l e dO MircdO (Sd) I.SG 0.62 9.5 3.S Chu^n 0,25 20 G 10 txfjh ( O T B ) 2,32 31 GO D t ^ tnjng U n h I h u a n Ihuc 170 u Ti^udrt YSU 9,5 Bang Miic ehung KN doc van TV DOiech SO 20 W 20 nh«ulOi thien cho HS Bang thd'ng ke tren cho thay mue dp doe van TV eua HS Idp ngudi DT Co Ho d tieu ehi sai pham la miie yeu, vdi diem trung binh 2,46 _ Tu ket qua xep m uc cua tieu chi "tinh thuan thuc", l i n h linh hoar, l i n h sai pham", ehung tdi cd bang td'ng hap KN doc van eua HS Idp ng Jdi DT Ca Ho (bang4): 35.7 3J1 0.45 }.7t 0,6? IS3 a,GI 2,61 0,5^ 195 D,GI KN dgc van TV la mdt nhung KN ngdn ngC CO ban cua HS Idp ndi ehung v a l c p l ngudi DT Co Ho ndi rieng TtJf nhung ket qua tren ta thay, KN dpc van TV eua HS Idp ngudi Co Ho edn rat yeu Cd st; chuyen di tieu ci/c tii tieng Co Ho sang TV qua trinh doe van TV cua HS • 1,69 0,55 Tai lifu tham kh&o BO GD-DT Chmmg trinh tiiu hoc NXB Gido dftc, H.2002 2,73 0,65 17 »9 105 50,0 SD 33.1 Mai Ngoc Chir - Vfl Dire Nghi^u - Ho^ng Trong IG y*i " " T1.9 140 66,7 45 21,4 y90 0,57 Ti^n Co'so'ngOnngu'hoc va tieng ViSt "NXB Dgi hgc 2.92 13 OT X 14J US 64.3 45 21,4 vd Trung hgc chuyin nghiep, H 1992 4.3 2.64 40.5 85 40,5 10 U3 Bui Minh Dao DSn t6c Ccr Ho a Viet Nam NXB 2l ID 232 0.10 hi 4,G 175 G3.3 25 11,9 Khoa hgc xd hdl, H.206\ 429 9D 42 2.71 0.76 30 14.3 DoSn Thiiy Hanh Thii^l ki cdng ngh$ hgc liing 23 DOI 10 4,6 125 595 75 35,7 1.69 OfiS ViSt cho hgc sinh ldp I D& I^i dp BO, ma s6 B200724 50 23.S 125 59,5 25 113 2.21 0,71 10 4G 38-03, 2008 24 25 arh S 25" " , '55 26,2 20 95 2.71 0.3B m Ducmg Dieu Hoa Minh ihdnh ki ndng dgc vd viil Can eu' vao bang tren ed the thay, nhin ehung, tiing ViSi cho hgc sinh ddu ldp I LuSn an Ph6 li^n si tinh sai pham KN doe van TV cua HS Idp Tamlihpc, H 1995 ngudi DT Co Ho d miJrc rat cao (HS gap nhieu sai Jacqueline L Williams - Christopher H Skinnerpham danh van) Hau het phan bo diem d mue Randy G Floyd - Andrea D Hale - Christine Neddenriep - Emily P Kirk "Words correct per minute: The "mac rat nhieu Idf, "mac nhieu Idi" va "mac it Idi", dae variance in standardized reading scores accounted for biet d nhung van co tuf nguyen am hoae phy am hy reading speed" Psychology in the Schools, volume ghep lai VI dy, d van "uang" ed tdi 135 H S (64,30%) d 48 Issue 2, pages 87-101, February 2011 mue "mac rait nhieu l6r, 70 HS (33,3%) "mic nhieu Maryse Bianco - Catherine Pellenq - Eric Lambert IdrvachicdS HS datmuc"m§eitlof dnhung van cd Laurent Lima - Anne-Lise Doyen "Impact of eariy nguyen am, HS Idp ngudi DT Cd Ho ehu yeu d code-skill and oral-comprehension training on reading achievement in first grade" Journal of fiesearch In miic "mac nhieu l6r va "mac it loi" Reading, 2Aizn20\\ 14 ftn 20 9,5 125 59.5 55 26,2 10 4.S 2.73 0,G 11 9 lOS 50.0 SD 33 ,1 2.73 0,6S... 7 ,1 d 3S 1B,7 eo !8,6 lis 548 IS 7 ,1 115 S4G IIS sa,s ao 38 .1 IS 7 ,1 i» 57 ,1 *"" % t SL KtunfuUi«ng 14 t7G ay ua,su SL i ty 5 71 "13 5 90 429 65 310 10 Big ang ung ^''iiToT SL \ "-^uT SL 24 13 0 619 ... tu 10 " IS d 17 » 1, 73 0.5S 14 2.SI Its Mi 30 14 310 10 48 "iio" S2,4 iO a.*a B.66 M£ ISO o.sa ors 90 t:,s 80 38 .1 30 14 3 2X i 2,4 10 0 47,6 10 5 50 1. 52 0.54 GS S 2,4 GO a.B Its IS 71 BO 3 81 15