PHnTHUVTinHTiCHCiJiicunsiiiHuiciimcnnGHnHGiRODycinflinnoii TRONG Glil M G HANH BD MDN GIAO DOG HOG MAM NON PGS TS NGUYEN THI HOA* 1 Tinh tich cue (TIC) cua sinh vien (SV) trong qua trinh hpc tap d tn/[.]
PHnTHUVTinHTiCHCiJiicunsiiiHuiciimcnnGHnHGiRODycinflinnoii TRONG Glil M G HANH BD MDN GIAO DOG HOG MAM NON PGS Tinh tich cue (TIC) cua sinh vien (SV) qua trinh hpc tap d tn/dng dai hoc duae coi nhu mot pham chaitam licanhan, la nang luc gial quyet nhiem vu hoc tap vdi hieu qua cao bang st/co'gang ndluc het minh nhSm glai quyet cae nhiem vu da dat hoatdong eua m inh TTC cua S V duae xac dinh nhu lathaiddeuahodd'lvdithegldihlenthi/cxung quanh, long khat khao mong moi chiem Ilnh tri thiJc va van dung kinh nghiem da biet vao tht/c tien TTC cua SV Khoa Giao due mam non{GDMN) \\Qr\qq'd\\qe thuc hanh bo mdn(J\\hU) Giao due hoc mam non(GDHMN) dupc xac dinh bang cac tieu chi: cd bieu hien thu gid hpc THBM; chu dpng, ddc lap van dung li thuyet da hpc vao thuc tien, tim kiem phuong tien phii hop degiaiquyel nhiem vy dupc giao; ndlycedging hel minh hoan nhiem vydadatra va dat dupc ket qua tren gid hpe thyc hanh TS N G U Y E N THI H O A * mdn GDHMN duoc hdl da nhan thuc dupc V! tri eua mdn hpc chuong trinh dao tao va coi day la bd mon nghiep vuquantroigde'ren luyen tay nghe cho SV, giiip SV cd nhieu ca hdi thyc tap nghe va la mdi to/dhg tot de phai huy TTC cho SV ehuyen nganh GDMN 85% y kien cho rang, can thiet phai phat huy TTC cho SV gid hpc mdn G DH M N ndi ehung va gid thuc hanh ndi rieng Tuy nhien, thuc tiln giang day, 86,25% GV chua quan tam den viee phat huy TTC ciia SV gid thue hanh vi hp rait khd khan viec tim kiem va lua chpn cac PPGD tich cue; 13,75% cho rang, hp cd quan tam nhung hieu qua chua cao vi quy thai gian danh eho THBM qua it, dieu kien e a s d vat chait thieu thd'n,do dd, hieu qua phat huy TTC cua SV cdn thap Cae phuang phap, bien phap G V sudyng tren gid thue hanh bd mdn: Bien phap nang eao TTC eua SV gioTHBM - Phuang phap tt/nghien cdu tai lieu it dupe si) G D H M N /a each lam eti the boat ddng day va dyng, chi ed 47% G V sir dung phuang phap vdi hoe cung giua giang vien (GV) va SV nham myc dich yeu cau SV dpc lai lieu trudc den Idp, phat huy TTC cua S V gid hgc thuc hanh chuan bi san gid hpc tren Idp Sudyng cac phuang phap giang day (PPGD) tich - Phuang phap thao luan: 74% eho biet, hp su cue tren gid hpe thue hanh giiip SV cd nhieu ca hdi dyng phuong phap thao luan Trong thao luan, phat huy duoc TTC eua minh va huy ddng von kinh GV thudng chii y den viec giao nhiem vy eho SV phii nghiem da biet vao thi/c tien cham sdc - giao dye tre NgUpe lai neu GV sudyng PPGD khdng tich cue de hop vdi kha nang giao liep cua hp (86%) lam cho ngudi hpc thy ddng, y lai vao G V, Bp mdn GDHMN chupng trinh dao tao eua Khoa GDMN vua la mdn hpc ca sddong thdi la mdn hpc ehuyen nganh - mpt hpc phan bat budc quan trpng chuang trinh dao tao giao vien mam non (G VM N) Mdn hpe eung cap cho S V ca sd li luan ve GDMN, qua dd, hinh cho hp ki nang n g h i nghiep deed theloehuc eac hoat dpng giao dye tre d tn/dng MN Vi the, phat huy TTC ciia SV Khoa GDMN la mdt yeu eau cap thiet hien nay, Ket qua khao sat thuc lien tren 20 GV Khoa GDMN (dcae tn/dng cao dang (C0), dai hpc su pham (OHSP) mdtsdtinh:HaNdi, Phil Thp, Dong Nai, Hau Giang, Can Tha) nam hoe 2011 -2012 cho thay, 89% GV day 40 Tap chi Gido due so 309 - Phuang phap tht/c hanh: 78% y kien eho biet hpdua SV xud'ng tn/dng mam non thuc hanh nhung chu yeu la eho SV kien tap, quan sat GV lo ehu'c mau mpt so hoat dpng giao due tre d eac dp tud'i, sau dd, phan tich eho SV hieu nhung uu diem va han checua cae gid da kien tap Cdn lai 22% y kien dupc hdi tra Icri, hp cho SV xud'ng trudng kien tap va lap day tren tre Ket qua khao sat cho thay, eac G V d eac tn/dng cao dang, dai hpe su pham khoa GDMN da quan tam den viee lua chon cac cae phuong phap, bien phap day hpe tieh cue gid THBM Tuy nhien ' Khoa Giao due nam aiw, Tnfong Dai hoc si/ pham Ha Noi -(kil-5/2013) viec van dung va khailhac i/u the cua chiing vao Ihi/c lien giang day kho khan va han che Kel qua khao salbieu hien TTC cua 140 SV (nam hoc 2011-2012) Irong gio hoc THBM GDHMN i j Khoa GDMN mot soWdngOH.CDSP (Ha Noi, Phu Thg, Oong Nai, Hau Giang, Can Tho) cho thay (xem bang 1}: Tttj """"-—^ ^^ Mixta Cao (3d) Cti SL HiJnglhu 20 107 CtwdOng dOc I3p van dung U 25 20,7 thuy^ i/So Ihuc bin Ni \if: hoan marVi nhi«m vu 12 10 va dat duoc ke'i qua Ta 2d) Tldpdd) X SL SI JO ?14 60 67 1fI7 55 40.6 40 387 IBS % % % 43 302 65 598 1,55 Thue trang TTC eua SV tren gid thuc hanh dao dpng gii/a mdc trung binh va thap, Nguyen nhan la GV chua hudng vao ngudi hpc, mat khac hp lung tung va gap khd khan su'dyng cae PPGD lich cue gidhpc thuc hanh Ben canh dd, thdi luong gianh cho gid thuc hanh it, co sdvat chat phyc vy cho giang day cdn han che Oe kh&e phyc thuc trang tren, chiing tdi de xuat mpt so bien phap phat huy TTC cua SV gid hpe THBM GDHMN: 1) TSng cudng hoat dgng hop tae nhdm: + Muc tieu va y nghTa cua bien phap: tao cUo nguai hpe edea hdi lam viee eung hpc hdl kinh nghiem lln va eiing kh^e phyc khd khan de hoan nhiem vy thue hanh da dat ra; + Ndi dung cua blen phap:M6\ SV dupe hpc tap mdt nhdm va cd su eong tac giua cac vien nhdm, giira cae nhdm vdi Hoat ddng nhdm day hpc (DH) hop tac bao gom hc^ tae gii/a cac SV ciing mdt nhdm, hpp tae gii?a cae nhdm vdi va hop tac gii/a SV vdi GV; + Caeh thuc hlen:Jao mdi tn/dng hpc tap thu^n Ipi eho gidhpc thue hanh (dam bao thdi gian, khdng gian, tao bau khdng hpc tap edi md than thien); Tang cudng eac hoat ddng nhdm gidhpcthuc hanh, Cy the: • Hep tae SV tn^ng nhom thuc hien theo tien trinh sau: Ca nhan tunghien cuu; Thao luan nhdm; Trinh bay ket qua eua nhdm; - Hop tacgiOa eae nhdm theo eae budc sau: Phd'i hop hoat dpng ghep eae nhdm hoae dong nhait hoa cac ket qua hpe tap cae nhdm; Cac nhdm trinh bay ketqua va Cling thao luan dd'i thoai ve vain de nghien cuu cua cac nhdm; Rut kinh nghiem giiia eae nhdm, hpc tap l l n de lan sau ketqua hpp tac tot han; - Hop ^e giua GVva SV: GV giao nhiem vy hoae de cac nhdm ty chpn nhiem vu va thuc hien theo muc tieu (ki 1-5/2013)- DH dat gid hpc; G V bao quat hoat ddng cua cac nhdm, giiip dd tao dieu kien can thiet; Cac nhdm trinh bay kel qua, G V Igng nghe va td'ng ket lai cac van de chinh tren gidhpcthuc hanh 2) Kit hop eae hinh tht/e lam bai tap (ea nhan, nhdm ea Idp) gid THBM tren Idp hgc: + Mtictieu vay nghla eua bien phap: Giup eho SV van dung li Ihuyel da hpc vao thyc tien Su ket hpp lam bai t^p ca nhan, nhdm, ca Idp mdt mat phat huy dupc het kha nang lam viec ddc lap cua tung ca nhan, mat khac, day cho SV kTnang hoatdpng eiing nhau; + Ngi dung eua blen phap: Bai tap tliue hanh la nhi/ng bai tap van dyng ii thuyet degiaiquyel cac van de thyc tien, ren luyen tay nghe bao gom • -Lap kehoach to chuc cac hoat ddng GD tre;-Bai tap giai quyet mdt so tinh hud'ng su pham; - Bai tap quan sat su pham,, ; + Cach thuc /7/en,'G V giao va yeu cau SV lam bai tap thuc hanh hoae cho SV tu lua ehpn (trong npi dung hpe thuc hanh tren ldp) Trong qua trinh lam bai tap, SV suy nghl, tim each giai quyet van de da dat cdn GV theo doi va trp giup can thiet, Sau lam xong bai tap thi tien hanh chiia bai tap, Cud'i eiing nhan xet, danh gia ket qua bai tap va rut kinh nghiem 3) Thudng xuyen cho SV tht/c hanh day tren Idp va tht/c hanh day tre dtrudng MN: + Muc tieu vay nghia ctJa bien phap: Jap cho SV kTnang toehue hoat ddng G D tre, lam quen vdi thue lien G D va giiip hp manh dan, tutin, ddc lap va sang tao gid hpc thyc hanh, boi dudng tinh cam g^n bd vdi nghe, dap ung dupc myc tieu dao lao d cac trudng su pham; + fjgt dung eua bien phap:J\)tic hanh tap day p tren Idp vadtn/dngMN; + Cac/ji'/?u'c/7/en.-Tap day fffren fc^.Chia Idp cac nhdm nhd, mdinhdm tu bau nhdm tn/ong GV giao nhiem vy va quy dinh thdigian thyc hanh Cae nhdm tap day tren Idp cdn GV bao quat, djnh hudng cho eac nhdm hoatdpng vagiup dd can thiet, Sau lap day xong, limg nhdm quan sat du gid lin Nhan xet, danh gia gid tap day cua tung nhdm; - Tip day a trudng MN: G V dua SV xuong cac ta/dng M N deTH B M M di Idp se chia nhieu nhdm nho va g i n cac nhdm SV vao Idp thye hanh Ket thuc dpt thyc hanh, GV seed danh gia ehung cho tdng nhdm va ket qua eua mdi ea nhan 4) Khuyen khieh SV tu nghien euu, tu to' chiie mot so hoat dgng theo chu detren gid tht/c hanh (DH theo duan): + Mtictieu vay nghia cua blen phap: Ren luyen cho SV kT nang ty to' chuc hoat ddng theo chu de gid thuc hanh bp Tap chi Gido due so 309 41 mdn: + Ndi dung ciJa blen phap: Mdi nhdm giai quyet mdt nhiem vu cd lien quan den viee thyc hien chu de ehung ciia ca Idp Trinh bay bao cao ketqua, san pham cua nhdm minh Irudc cac nhdm khac; + Caeh thuc hien: Xac dinh md'i quan lam_ cua SV, ket hop vdi muc tieu eua gid thyc hanh de lya ehpn ehu de hpc thuc hanh va quyet djnh ehu de duan Chia tap nhieu nhdm va mdi nhdm tythye hien cdng viec cua minh cdlien quan ehung den chu de dy an eua Idp, Cac nhdm tu lien he trudng MN va xud'ng trudng khao sat kha nang thuc cua tre Lap ke hoach to chuc hoatdong GD va lien hanh thye hien Dong thdi ket hop quay video clip gid day dd va mang san pham ve Idp trinh chieu cho eac nhdm khac ciing xem, Cae nhdm nhan xetva danh gia kel qua eua Idng nhdm theo mye tieu va nhiem vu da de Chiing tdi tien hanh thuc nghiem (TN) mdt so bien phap phat huy TTC cua SV gid THBM GDHMN (tren khda K.59 va K,60 Khoa GDMN Tn/dng DHSP Ha Ndi) dya tren lieu ehi (TC): lang eudng hoat ddng hpp tac nhdm kel hop cac hinh thyc lam bai tap (ca nhan, nhdm, ea Idp) gid THBM tren Idp hpc; - Thudng xuyen cho SV thuc hanh day tren Idp va th uc hanh day Ire d tn/dng M N; - Khuyen khich SV ty nghien cdu.ty to ehyc mpt so hoat ddng giao dye tre theo chu de tren gid thyc hanh Ket qua thu dupe nhu sau (xem bang 2}: Kh6a, S6iando s6 lucmg SV TTC SV Bie'uhi^nTTC XTCI XTC2 XTC3 X3TC K59(4e) TruiScTN 204 1.73 1,90 189 K.59 (46) SauTN 2,36 2.54 2,50 2,47 K 60 (45) TmftTN 211 1,96 2.04 03 K 60 (45) SauTN 57 2.53 2.60 57 d ca vdng TN deu cho ehung mdt kel qua, cac bien phap de xuat da cd tac ddng tich cue den TTC ciia SV tren gid THBM GDHMN Sau TN, TTC cua S V dupc nang cao han so vdi tn/de TN ca ve m at djnh tinh va djnh lucmg TTC cua SV tap tmng d muc dp gii?a cao valnjng binh, so SV cd bieu hien TTC d mycddthap dagiam didang keso vdi tn/dc TN Sau TN, TTC cua SV dca TC deu cao han so vdi tn/dc TNdacbietdTC2va3 Ket qua khao sat bang bang hdi sau TN: 94% y kien SVduoehoimong mud'n dupe hpe theo mdt soPPGD dadexuatdtren.Tuy nhien, van cd 2% y kien dupc hdi "khdng th'ictf va % y kien "khdng co cau tra IdF 42 Tap chi Gido due so 309 95% y kien SV duae hdi rail thich dupe hpc thyc hanh dtren kip va d tn/dng M N vdi cae li do: "Gidthuc hanh giup em hieu duae li thuyet sau hdn, biet van dijng nhOng dieu da hoc vao tht/c tiin" "Cd kinang thue hanh tot han, ehuan bi cho tht/c tap supham co hieu qui, 'Em hoc duae kinang quan sat tre kinang day tre va hinh dung cdng viec eija m Inh sau khira rn/dn5^ ;93%ykien dupe hdi rat thich hpc thyehanh theo nhdm va mong mud'n dupc hpc theo each nhieu han: "hgc theo nhdm giup em hgc dUdc each hap tac, chia se cung eac ban nhom", "Em thay tu tin han tnnh bay trudc m ol ngudi, em hgc duoc a eac ban khac ' Phalhuy TTC cua SV gidTHBM GDHM la viec lam can thiettrong dao tao e^nhan GDMN dcae tnrdng sUpham.Tuynhien.thyc trang su'dyng PPGD tich eye gtd THBM GDHMN ciJa cac khoa GDMN cdn chua thudng xuyen va mang tinh hinh thuc, khdng kich thich dupe TTC ciia SV nen TTC cila SV Irong gid thyc hanh chu yeu d myc dp trung binh va thap Mdt nhung giai phap phat huy TTC cua SV gidthuc hanh la de xuat dupe mdt so bien phap hudng vao myc tieu nang cao TTC cua SV, gdp phan thyc hien tot myc tieu dao tao cir nhan GDMN Cd nhu vay mdi giup hp hoan lot cdng viee cua GVMN tuong lai, dap dng dupc yeu cau doi mdi loan dien giao due hien d nude ta Q Tai lit>u t h a m k h a o Jean Marc Dennomme - Madeleine Roy Ti£n tdi mot phinmg p h a p s t r p h a m tmmg tdc NXB Thanh niSn, H 2000 Jean Piagie T a m Ii hoc va gido due hoc NXB Hd Ndi 1999 NguySn Thi H6a Giao diic hpc mSm non, NXB Dgi hgc suphgmM 2009 SUMMARY Promoting students' positive during the lectures In general and the practical lessons of "Early Chilhood Educational Science' in particular is an important rule in University teaching lading positive teachingmethods during the practical lessons provides many opportunities to promote the students' own Initiative and creative when they use their learned theories into children education in fact It also contributes to improve the quality of training and skills lo students in early chilhood education faculty -(kil-5/2013) ... Mtictieu vay nghla eua bien phap: Giup eho SV van dung li Ihuyel da hpc vao thyc tien Su ket hpp lam bai t^p ca nhan, nhdm, ca Idp mdt mat phat huy dupc het kha nang lam viec ddc lap cua tung ca nhan,... /7/en,''G V giao va yeu cau SV lam bai tap thuc hanh hoae cho SV tu lua ehpn (trong npi dung hpe thuc hanh tren ldp) Trong qua trinh lam bai tap, SV suy nghl, tim each giai quyet van de da dat... tu tin han tnnh bay trudc m ol ngudi, em hgc duoc a eac ban khac '' Phalhuy TTC cua SV gidTHBM GDHM la viec lam can thiettrong dao tao e^nhan GDMN dcae tnrdng sUpham.Tuynhien.thyc trang su''dyng