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QUAN U GIAO DUC VAI TRO CUA NHA GIAO TRONG QUA TRINH OAO TAO NGUON NHAN lUC 6 cAc TRuano DAI HOC Giao due (GD) vcfi tl/each la mpt hien tacfngxa h6i, da xuat hien va ton tai cung vdi s i ; xuat hien v[.]
Q U A N U GIAO DUC VAI TRO CUA NHA GIAO TRONG QUA TRINH OAO TAO NGUON NHAN lUC cAc TRuano DAI HOC ThS P H A N THI HUE* G iao due (GD) vcfi tl/each la mpt hien tacfngxa h6i, da xuat hien va ton tai cung vdi s i ; xuat hien va ton tai cua xa hpi loai ngirdl Trong ddi song tinh than cija dan toe ta, nha giao la mpt chi/c danh xa hpi dugc xep dau tien Theo Tir dien Tieng Viet, nha giao la "Nhdng ngudi lam nghedayhgd'{\) Ti/ang tu, tai dieu 70, Luat Giao dye nude ta da dua djnh nghla phap li tucfng doi day dij, ctj the ve nha giao: "Nha giao la nfidng ngwdi lam nhiem vu giang day, GD nha trtrdng, cffsdGD Ichad' (2) Trong h§ thong GD quoc dan, nhi?ng nguoi lam nhiem vy giang day he thong GD noi ehung ducfc gpi la nha giao, do, "N giao d bae dai hpc ducfc gpi la giang vien {G V), nhung nha giao co sd GD mam non, GD nghe nghiep, GD phothong duoc goi la giao vien" (2) Nhu vay, GV hay giao vien eung ehinh la nha giao GV dai hpe la luc lugng tn/c tiep thuc hien myc tieu GD d bae dai hpc, hp co vai tro quyet dinh chat lucmg GD dai hpc, gdp phan tirng budc nang cao trinh dp dan tri phat hien va boi dudng nhan tai, dao tao mpt nguon nhan luc du dieu kien dap ung dugc yeu cau cua sunghiep CNH, HOH dat nude glai doan hien Vai trd dugc thue hien tren cac mat sau day: Trang bj cho sinh vien (SV) nhijng tri thiic ca ban ve the gidi quan, tu tudng, chinh tri, phap luat, dao due, gop p h a i hinh va phat trien loi song, each ung x u c o v a n hoa cua luc lupng lao dpng tre Trong mpi thdi dai, suphattnen tri tuecua ngudi luon gin vdi mdt the gidi quan nhat dinh, ehi sau trauddidugcmptthegidiquan khoa hpc ngudimdi CO the h/ khing dinh minh cupc song cac tn/dng dai hpc, thdng qua cae mon hpc, tare Wep la cac mon khoa hpc xa hdi nhu Nhung nguyen li eoban eua ehu nghla Mae-Lenin, Tutuong Ho Chi Minh, Lich SI} Dang Cong san Viet Nam Dudng la each mang cua Dang, GV trang bj cho SV nhiing hieu biet ve bue tranh khoa hpc eua the gKfl, quy luat phat trien cua tu nhien, xa hpi ngudi, hieu cac vain de quoc tecaip thiet nhu: hoa binh, mdi tnidng, dan so, bwih dich, giup SV hieu dugc dudng loi, chu truong, ehinh sach cua Bang va Nha nude Day la nhung kien thdc co ban nhiim hinh thegidi quan khoa hpc cho SV Khi hieu dugc nhung van de tren SV se hinh cho minh kT nang (KN) phan doan mpt sohien tuong xa hpi ^ e o tuduy bien ehung, biet ket hop li luan va thuc tiln nhan thdc cung nhu cudc sd'ng Td dd cd thai ung hd va thich sang tao cai mdi, cai tien bd, ghet su doi tra va nhung tu phan khoa hpc, biet song thang th^n, trung thuc, tdn trpng lephai, suthatva dau tranh cho le phai, sy cdng b^ng Odd tudl phat tnen vdi nhung diln bien tam li phuc tap, day nhiet huyet, SVraitmud'nthu'sdc vatukhing djnh minh nhung lai bong bdt, thieu chin ch^n, thieu kinh nghiem song, d i bi Idi keo, bi ke xa'u Igi dung G V giup cac em hieu duoc cac gia tri xa hpi eoban nhu: tu do, dan chu, nhan dao, cdng bang, hanhphtJc, hieu dugcliehsudungnudevagidnudcbansacvanhda, tmyen thd'ng tot dep eua dan toe, eua each mang GD cho cac em li tudng ddc lap dan tpc va ehu nghla xa hdi, dudng Idi ddi mdi dat nude, eae ehinh sach Idn cua Dang va Nha nude cung nhucae ndi dung cdban cua Hien phap, cae dao luat co ban cua nude ta Cd dugc nhiing hieu biet tren, cac em se nhan rava tran trpng cac gia tri dich thuc cua xa hdi, cong dong vagia dinh, bietva thuc hien tdt phap luat, sudung dung quyen tu ca nhan va thuc hien tdt nghla vu ddi vdi xa hpi, hinh va tao lap dugc li tudng phu hgp vdi cac gia tri cao dep, mpi hoat dpng cua SV deu nh^m bien li tudng dd muc dich eua ca nhan cupc sdng hang Cac em tugiae chap hanh phap luat cua Nha nude, ki luat cua doan the, ndi quy cua nha tnJdng, thudng xuyen ren luyen tinh than yeu nude, tinh than dan tdc, dau tranh chong mpi tieu cue xa hpi, cupc sd'ng Trong nha trudng, neu ehi chu trpng den viec dao tao nhung ngudi ed kien thdc khoa hpc ma khdng * Kboa Ij lu^n chinh tri, Tnitlne Oai bt^c sir pham U thiat Hng Yn Tap chi Gido due so 310 (ki2-5/2013)- i quan tam den viec GD dao due each mang, GD Idi sdng, nep sdng va each cu xu eho SV thi khdng the cd duge chat lugng GD toan dien Nguon nhan luc dugc dao tao se chi la nhung ngudi "vd dung" khdng the la l u o n g lai cua To qud'c, la hi vong cua dan toe" Bdi 'Co tai ma khong eo ddc thi ehing nhdng ichdng lam duoc gi ich Ic/lcho xa hot ma cdfta/c/ioxa ftp/nua"(3).Viv^y, thuc hien mue tieu GD toan dien, dpi nguGV thong qua quatrinh giang day va GD tam eho SV hi§u duoe nhung nguyen tae, pham tru dao due nhan dao va tien bd eua loai ngudi, eua dan tdc, hieu dugc nhung chuan muc dao ddc eac mdi quan he xa hdi, giup cac em biet van dyng nhiing dieu da hpc vao viec phan tieh, xu li, danh gia cac tinh hudng, cae hanh vi dao due, biet tu ren luyen de hoan thien nhan each dao due eua minh, biet sdng va lam viec quan he doan ket, hgp tac, ton trgng va giiip dd lln vdi nhung hanh vi dng xuvan hda Tudo, viee thudng xuyen tu giac ren luyen nhung pham chait dao ddc se lam cho eae em sdng cd li tudng va hoai bao cao dep cd myc dich va ke hoach cd y chi, nghi luc va quyet tam vuon len mdt each lac quan lanh manh, dong thdi tao cho cac em thdi quen Idi ndi di ddi vdi viec lam, phong each ung xuvan minh va Ijeh su, luc cac em se biet ghet Idi sd'ng ich ki, budng tha, lai cang, thd bao va su hudng thu vai chat tam thudng thap kem Gd the nhan thay, ddi ngu GV cd vai trd quan trpng viee trang bi nhung pham chat can thiet khong the thieu cho SV, dd la nhimg pham chait gdp phan ren luy^n tinh ki luat, tac phong cdng nghiep va y thue trach nhiem vdi cdng viee ma nguon nhan luc nude ta can va phai cd Trang bicho SV nhung ki«i thuc khoa hoc co ban, kien thuc chuyen mdn tuong doi hoan chinh, cd phuang phap lam viec khoa hpc vanang luc van dung lithuy^vao cdng viec chuyen mdn nham phat trien tiem nang tri tue cua nguon nhan tuc Trudc day, nghien cijru mye dich va nhiem vu cua GD Mae, Angghen va Lenin da khang dinh muc dich eua nen GD XHCN la dao tao nhifng eon ngudi phat trien toan dien ca ve tri dye, the dye, ddc due, m i dye va ki thuat tong hgp Trong dd van de tri dye (la nhung tn thiic van hda, khoa hoc ) dugc dat len hang dau Cac dng cho r^ng, mud'n xay dung thing Igi chu nghla cdng san (CNCS) ttianh nien phai nam dugc tat ea kho tang van hda, tri Uidc ma loai ngudi da taora qua trinh lich su, neu nien khdng thdng hieu nhung tn thuc dd thi CNCS cung chi la mo udc ma thdi Ke tye va phat trien quan diem dd, giac nhiem vu cho nien Stalin da ndi: "Muon kien thiet thi can phai co tri tht/c can phai nam dupe khoa hgc tnidc mSl ehung ta la mot btic tn, hue dd goi la khoa hoe, bao gom trithtk cua nhieu bqmdn Dau thenao dinua ehijng ta eOngphalchiem eho bing duoc btic tri Thanh nien neu m uon trd nhimg ngudi xay dung ddi song mdi, muon trd nhung ldp ngudi thay the chan ehinh ctia del quan can ve xua km, thi can phal chiem lay bue dd' (4) Vi the, phai trang bj cho SV nhiing tri thdc khoa hoc cd he thdng va kha nang dng dyng nhdng tri thuc khoa hpc vao thuc te den mdc thao va tu ddng hda Tren co sd dd, phat trien nang luc nhan thdc cung nhu kha nang sang tao cua SV, d i n d^t ho tu ehd chua biet den ehd biet, tu ehd gian don den cho phuc tap, tu chd nhan thuc nhiing hien lugng den chd nhan thue ban chat Dd la nhiem vy nha giao phai lam de phat trien tri tue cua SV Trong thdi dai khoa hpc va cdng nghe phat then nhu vu bao hien ddi hdi phai cd mpt nguon nhan lye vdi nhimg ngudi cd kien thdc vevan hda, khoa hpc theo kip suphattnen cua xa hpi Nhung kien thdc dugc coi la vdn tri thue tdi thieu bat bupe ddi vdi nguon nhan lue Can xac dmh va trang bi cho SV vdn tri thuc chuyen nganh co ban de hp cd the tham gia vao nen san xuat da phat trien cao cung nhu eac Unh vuc khac cua dcri sdng xa hdi Nhiem vu dd thupc ve GNNG giang day cae mdn hpe ehuyen nganh Viet Nam la quoc gia dang phat trien, cd nguon nhan luc doi dao Song, nhin ehung chat lugng cdn thap khdng ehi ve the luc, tri luc ma ca pham chat tam li xa hdi-nhiing KN mem (nhu KN sd'ng, KN giao tiep, KN lanh dao quan li thdi gian, lam viec nhdm, vugt qua khiing hoang ) Day la nhung KN ehii yeu thupc vetinh each ngudi, khdng mang tinh chuyen mdn ciJng khdng phai la KN ca tinh dae biet Cac nghien cdu da ehl rang "KN mem" la nhan td danh gia rat hieu qua ben canh nhung KN cdng viec truyen thdng hay cdn gpi la KN "ciing", tham chi cd chuyen gia cho rang ddi nd dem lai hieu qua cao hon (70% cdng la nhdKN mem}, thdng qua mdn hpc eac trudng dai hoc nhu "G iao tiep su pham" hay cac gidgiang ma G V ap dyng b^ng phuong phap day hoc tich cue, lay ngudi hpe lam trung tam cung gdp phan ren luyen cho SV KN giao tiep, dng xu, KN l^m viec nhdm Od la nhiJng KN khdng the thieu cua nguon nhan luc tre thcri dai hien Trang bi cho SV n h i m g kien thuc ve the chat va quoc phdng nh^m phat trien cac to chat ve the lire cua nguon nhan luc tre Tap chi Gido due so 310 •(ki2-5/2013) Qua trinh CNH, HDH va xay dung dat nude hien b i t budc phal cd mpt nguon nhan ItJc vdi nhi^ig ngudi khde manh, nhanh nhen, vui ve, yeu ddi va chju dung dugc gian kho Tri nhd, sucan cii va suchu y phy thupc nhieu vao trang thai ehung cua sue khde, se chi cd "mpt tam hon khde manh mpt than ttie khde manh" Vi the, viec tang cudng GD sue khde va phdng benh ta dieu kien quan trpng nhait eua suphat trien ehung ve the lue de nang cao cudng dd lao dpng tri de, Hien mpt nhifng han che cua nguon nhan luc nude ta dd la the luc nhd be, sdc khde han che Mud'n khie phyc han ehe do, ngucri can dugc cham sdc sdc khde GD cac kien thdc vethechat, sue khde, ve sinh tukhi cdn dtuoi au tho Trong cac nha trudng nhiem vu dugc giao eho cac nha giao qua trinh giang day cac mdn hpc, tare tiep la mdn GD thechaha cac hoat dpng ngoai khda nhu sinh hoat chuyen de ve sue khde sinh san vi nien, ve v? sinh mdi trudng va phdng benh, cac kien thdc ve ve sinh than the, gidi tinh, ke hoach hda gia dinh, bao v? mdi trudng, phdng benh va ren luyen than the theo tieu chuan quy djnh, ed kha nang tu dieu ehinh phii hgp vdi sdc khde cac hoat dpng sinh hoat, hpc tap, lao ddng, vui choi, biet luyen tap va thi dau the dye the thao d Idp, d tnj'dng Ben canh dd DNNG cdn trang bj cho SV mdt sdkien thue quan su phd thdng va kien thdc qude phdng thdng qua cae tiet hpc ve GD qude phdng de eae em hieu dugc truyen thdng danh giac gid nude cua cha dng n I m duge kien thuc CO ban ve dieu lenh dpi ngu, kithuat sudyng va bao ve vu khi, ki tai, KN ve giam thieu sat thuong bom dan gay ra, KN ve bang bd vet thuong dong thdi cho cac em thaiy tinh chat phdc tap eua bue tranh toan cau hien nay, mpt mat hgp tac de phat trien, mat khac cac qude gia van ludn canh tranh de gianh Igi the've minh, dae biet la van de trarih chap bien dao, bien gidi cutig (dat lien), bien gidi mem (kinh te, thuong mai), ma dSng sau van dedd la nhu cau ve nSng lugng cang cao ciia eac quoc gia phat trien, day eac tranh chap dd eae cupc xung dot CO vu trang bat cd luc nao, td dd G D SVed y thuc s i n sang tham gia nghia vy bao ve To qude van hda, hdi nhap quoc te dem lai Do dd, viec GD thaim m l c h o c a c e m thue sucan thiet va khdng the thieu dugc cac tnjong dai hpc, thdng qua mdn hpc DNNG da lam eho cac em hieu dugc cai dep ddi sdng lao dpng va hpe tap, thien nhien va eon ngudi quan he thay trd va quan he ban be, van hpc va nghe thuat, qua dd, cac em cd the tich luy vdn kien thuc da dang, phong phii ve cai dep thien nhien ddi sd'ng va van hpc nghe thuat cung nhu nang luc tham gia eae toai hinh hoat dpng van hgc nghe thuat Tren co sd do, hinh cho SV thai dp tdn trpng, yeu quy, giu gin, bao ve cai dep chan chinh, lanh manh, van minh va nhueau tuboi dudng cho ban than ve mem say me sang tao, tinh cam dao ddc, li tudng, mong mud'n dua cai dep vao mpi ITnh vuc hoatdpng eua ban than eiJng nhu mdi trudng sd'ng ehung quanh, khdng khoan nhuong trudc mpi bieu hien thieu van hda, khdng su dung nhdng san pham van hda ddi tnjy, phan ddng dang duoc du nhap td ngoai vao nude ta Tdm lai, su phat trien manh me ciia khoa hpe • cdng nghe da chdng minh ring, tri tue ngua la nguon tai nguyen quy gia, mat bing dan tri va nguon nhan lue phattrien la nen mong detiem lue tri tue cua mdi qude gia phat tnen vung ben Vi the, vj tri va vai trd eua nha giao cang trd nen vd eiJng quan trpng, hg la nhiing ngudi ma "du ten tuoi khdng dang tren bao, khong duoc thuang huan ehuang song nhi/ng ngudi thay giao tot la nhung anh vd danlf (5) Q (1) Nguyen Nhir Y (L-HU hifin) Tu- di^n Tieng Viel Ihfmgdung NXB Gido due H 2001 (2) LuattJiaodm; NXB Chinh iriqu^cgia,H 2005 (.1)HAChiMinh Toantap(tap8).NXB5iff/rd/,H 1980 (4) C.Mac - Ph.Angghcn - V.I.Unin - [.V.Sialin Ve nien NXB Su rhdt H 1978 (5) H6 Chi Mmh Ve vSn de giao due NXB Cidoduc H 1990 SUMMARY Nowadays, the fast - growing development of science and technology along with the valuable support of information technology enables learners to perceive information and access to knowledge easily GD tham mf n h i m phattrien kha nang tihan This does not mean that the role of the leacher is thue cal dep va lam n d mpi nang khieu ve overlooked, on the contrary H shows that Iheroleof leacher is increasingly vital, not only in the disseminghethuatdSV nation of scientific knowledge but also in the contriodi vdi SV, cai dep bieu hien d kha nang tdchiic bution to the formation of the scientific world, job cupc sdng lao ddng va hgc tap, Idi sdng van minh training skills, behaviour and communication skills, refinement and information resolution and especially dng xuvan hda, biet ndi \d\ hay, lam viee tdt, biet hanh to educate the younger generation people to become dpng vdi nhi?ngeuchi cao dep Hien nay, SV dugc the perfectly - developed citizens worth) of'the maintiep xiic voi su da dang cua "cai dep" ma sir giao luu stay of the country" Tap chi Gido due so 310 (ki 2-5/2013)- ... ghet Idi sd''ng ich ki, budng tha, lai cang, thd bao va su hudng thu vai chat tam thudng thap kem Gd the nhan thay, ddi ngu GV cd vai trd quan trpng viee trang bi nhung pham chat can thiet khong... nhifng eon ngudi phat trien toan dien ca ve tri dye, the dye, ddc due, m i dye va ki thuat tong hgp Trong dd van de tri dye (la nhung tn thiic van hda, khoa hoc ) dugc dat len hang dau Cac dng cho... lugng den chd nhan thue ban chat Dd la nhiem vy nha giao phai lam de phat trien tri tue cua SV Trong thdi dai khoa hpc va cdng nghe phat then nhu vu bao hien ddi hdi phai cd mpt nguon nhan lye