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CAI TIEN CHlTdNG TRJNH DAO TAO NGHE THFO DINH HlfliNG llNG DHNG GlUA TRUONG DAY N G H I VA DOANH N G H K P ThS NGUYEN V A N TUAN* 1 Mpt so khai niem caban ve cai t ioi chuong trinh dao tao (CTOT) nghe[.]
CAI TIEN CHlTdNG TRJNH DAO TAO NGHE THFO DINH HlfliNG llNG DHNG GlUA TRUONG DAY N G H I VA DOANH NGHKP ThS N G U Y E N V A N T U A N * Mpt so khai niem c a b a n ve cai tioi c h u o n g trinh dao tao (CTOT) nghe 1) "CTDTnghe"\heo nghTa thdng thudng la mpt van ban quy djnh muc dich va cac myc tieu eu the dat doivdi mpt nganh dao tao, vdi cae khdi kien thuc va eac mdn hpc, td'ng \hdi tupng cung thdi tutjng danh eho mdi mdn hpe ma nha ta/dng td' chdc day hpc de trang bl cac kien thdc, kT nang, thai dp can thiet cho hpc sinh (HS) theo hpc mdt nganh nghe nao dd CTDT nghe cd muc tieu rd rang, quy dinh cy the'chuan kien thdc, kl nang, phuong phap, hinh thdc dao tao va each thdc danh gia ket qua hpc tap nhan thay, chuong trinh phan mem it dupc quan tam xay dung hon so vdl 70% phan cdng theo quy dinh eua nha nude, vitiieday hpc ti thuyet chiem qua nhieu thdi gian mathdi lupng eho HS thuc hanh, thuc tien iai it Mat khac, chuong trinh d?y nghe chua xay dung dupe chuan dau chat ehe cho cae cap dp dao tao nghe, bao dam chuong trinh day hpc dap ung nhu cau sudung lao dpng cua xa hdi Ket qua nghien eiitj giao an cQa giao vien (GV) cung eho thay thdi lupng danh cho day 11 thuyet chiem ti le Idn nhat, cae npi dung dupe soan giao an ctja G V chu yeu danh cho day li thuyet; thdigian danh 2) "Caitieh CTDTnghe"\a mpt qua trinh soat, cho HS thuc hanh, dae biet la tham quan thuc te va chinh sua hieu chinh cap nhat tu mdt CTOT eu da hpc tap tai cae doanh nghiep rat it dupc ban hanh thanhmptCTOT mditt-enCO sdchuong Ketqua khao satve viec bdtri ti le gida thcri lupng trinh vda dam bao nhung quy dinh ehung cua chuong thuc hanh, thue te vdi day hoc II thuyet CTDT trinh khung, viia cdcau tnJc m i m hda, tinh boat mang ngheddlvpl 250 can bpkTthuat.GV thude 20 doanh tinh thuc tien cao.th lettilyc dap dng yeu cau cua doanh nghiep va 15 trudng day nghe tai eac tinh ddng bang n g h l ^ va ngudi hpc CTDT nghe cai tien can tnh sdng Hdng cho thay: Cd tdi 71,3% can bd k? thuat gpn nhung khdng thieu, dam bao ham lupng khoa hoc cua doanh nghiep, GV cac trudng day nghe dupc dong thdi cap nhat duqc kien thuc miA hien dai; chtJ hdi cho r4ng viec bdtri tl le thdi luong thue hanh, thuc trpng nhiing npidung mangudi hpe vacae doanh nghiep te nghe nghiep so vdl hpc li thuyet chuong dang can; dae biet, quan tam den viec giam thdi lupng trinh day hpe cua cac module hien la chua du, li thuyet, tang thdi lupng thuc hanh, thuc te nham nang chua can ddi cao kindng nghe nghiep eho HS 2) Thuc trang phd'i hgp cai tiin CTDT nghe CTOT nghe va phdi hgp cal tien CTOT nghe giua trudng day nghi' va doanh nghiip CTDT nghe dupe xem la ye'u tdquan trpng anh hudng de'n giira trudng day nghe va doanh nghiep chait lupng i3ao tao Van vdlddi tupng khao sat tren,ed glal do^n hi^n 1) Tht/c trang CTDT nghe CTDT nghe cua 35,4% y kien cho r§ng thudng xuyen va ra't thudng tn/dng day nghe dang dupe thuc hien theo chuong xuyen ta/dng day nghe va doanh nghiep cung tham trinh khung eho ttjmg cap dp dao tao dupc Bp ta/dng gia xay dung, cai tien CTDT nghe Tuy nhien, viec Bp Lao dpng - Thuong binh va Xa hpi ban hanh theo phdi hpp de cai tien CTOT nghe edn ehua dua tren Quyet dinhs658/2008/QD-BLO-TBXH 9/6/2008 khao sat thj tn/dng, phan tieh nhu eau dao tao, Viec quy djnh; 70% ehuong trinh thudcphan edng va 30% phan tich nghe, day thu nghiem tham dinh va danh ehuong trinh phan mem eae tn/dng day nghe h i gia hieu qua CTDT v i n chu yeu ta/dng day nghe xay dyng cho tung nghe vdi cac kien thdc, kT nang dam nhan, rat it cd sutham gia eua can bd tai doanh phu hpp vdl dae diem lao dpng eua nganh va cua tdng vung Tuy nhien, khao sat tai cac c o s d dao tao nghe * Tnrirng Cao dang xay di/ng c6ng tnnh thi (ki 1-4/2013)- Tap chi Gido due so 307 | 39 nghiep nen CTDT nghe ehua g^n li luan vdi thuc tiln; tinh togc, tinh khoa hpc ehua cao, chua thoa man nhu cau cOa ngudi hpc eung nhu dap ung duqc yeu cau cua thj tn/cmg lao ddng va phii hpp vdi suthay dd'i nhanh edng nghe san xuait cua doanh nghiep Viec phd'i hpp eua doanh nghiep thudng diing lai dehded phan hoi ve nhung bat cap, han checua CTDT (khdng dap ung yeu eau cua doanh nghiep) va yeu cau tmdng tien hanh hieu chinh, cap nhat CTDT, Hdi thao xay dung, eai tien CTDT nghe, ngoai GV cua eac ta/dng day nghe coned can bptai doanh nghiep noinhanva sudung lao dpng qua dao tao va cae ehuyen gia, can bd kTthuat cua doanh nghiep da tham gia giang day ciJng ta/dng day nghe song lai thieu eac ehuyen gia dau nganh ve xay dimg, cai tien CTOT nghe nen ket qua thu dupc tu hdi thao la khdng nhieu Ngoai ndi dung ddng g i ^ tu hot thao, eai tien CTOT nghe, eac ta/dng day nghecdn can eii'theo eac phieu nhan xet danh gia cua doanh nghiep doivdi HS qua trinh thi/c hanh, thue tap tai doanh nghiep Mpt so giai phap cai tien CTDT nghe theo dinh hudng ung dyng giira trudng day nghe v a d o a n h nghiep 1) Rasoat lai ngidung CTDT nghe.Ttudngday nghe va doanh nghiep can soat lai cau tnJc cac hpc phan, thdi lupng danh cho cac npi dung, ndi dung chi tiet cua timg hpc phan cy the, tren co sd dd dua giai phap dieu chinh bd'sung cac npi dung phu h(?p vdi HS va doanh nghiep, ddng thdi chu yden 30% phan mem theo quy djnh cua chuong trinh deed the eai tien CTOT nghecho phu hpp vdi dae die'm cua tardng, cua nganh nghe va yeu cau cua thyc tiln san xuat 2} Xay dung CTDT nghe bdt thai lugng li thuyit, tang cudng thdi lugng tht/c hanh Xay dyng npi dung, CTOT nghe chinh la giaiquyet tdtmdi quan he gii/a myc Weu va ketqua (chua'n dau ra) Viec eai tien chuong trinh phai dua tren eae tieu chi va theo yeu eau cua ben sddung, Ndi dung, chuong trinh, giao trinh mot mat phai dam bao tinh cap nhat vdl khoa hoc, thuc te san xuat; mat khac tinh de'n tinh thich ung nhanh vdi su thay dd'i cua kT thuat va cdng nghe Khi cal tien CTDT nghe nen tach biet khdi quan diem togk; cau tnic mon hpc tmyen thdng, xay dyng CTOT theo dja chi su dyng dap ung nhu eau cua doanh nghiep theo hudng logic caiu tnic mtji (la he thd'ng cac hpc phan gdm cae module kien thue va kT nang cua cac phan npi dung dupe tich hpp, vcri 40 Tap chi Gido dye so 307 su lua chpn va s&p xep hpp li cau tnJc thu bae Quan he eua cac hpc phan va cac module hudng vao giai quyet eac nhipm vy ey the dat eho tung khdi cdng viec, phu hpp vcri myc tieu va yeu cau m em hda cae hinh thifc td'chuc dao tao) Trong qua trinh xay dung, eai tien CTOT nghe can chu ddng viec hpp li hda chuong trinh phan cung, tang thdi iupng thuc hanh, thuc tap nham nang cao kTnang nghe, ddng thcri tap tmng hi^u chinh, bd' sung ndi dung kien thuc eho mdt sdmdn hpc, module can thiet nham kh§e phyc nhung ban che've kien thdc va kT nang lam viee eho ngudi lao dpng odi vdi day nghe dai han (thdi gian dao taoftjf2-3 nam), viec cai tien CTDT nghe mdt mat can bam sat ehuong trinh khung (phan cijng) mat khac phai chuy de'n xay dung phan mem etja CTDT nhSm dap ung tdt yeu cau ti> doanh nghiep, thj tardng lao dpng -viee tam G iai quyet hai hda giiJa phan cdng va phan mem thich dng chuong trinh se lam cho ehUOng trinh day nghe khdng cdng nhac, dap tjng yeu cau cua doanh nghiep va ngudi tao ddng Oe trien khai thuc hien tdt van de nay, dpi ngu GV, can bp nhiJng ngudi xay dung chuong trinh can dua tren mdc dp giao thoa giua npidung chuong trinh khung quy djnh theo phan cimg va ndi dung chuong trinh dexuat cua doanh nghiep NghTa la, ngoai 30% phan mem GV de nghi,tardngdaynghequyetdjnh,thitrong70%phan cung can Idng ghep nhiing npi dung can thiet dap ung nhtJng yeu eau cua doanh nghiep va ngudi hpc Nhu vay, CTOT nghe vua dam bao chuong trinh khung vuB mang tinh thieh ung, mem hda dap iing yeu cau ma doanh nghiep, ngudi hpe dat Od'i vdi cac khda cac Idp day nghe ng3n han, day nghe theo dja ehi sd dung, npi dung chuong trinh day hpc cd the doanh nghiep, ngudi hpc de xuait Dae biet, khitien hanh xay dung npidung, CTOT nghe, ta/dng day nghe va doanh nghiep phal xac djnh rd cac mdn hpc, module can thiet bd'sung cung nhucae ndi dung da lac hau, khdng can thiet, can c^t bd Oong thcri vdi viec xay dung CTOT nghe, can lam tdt cdng tac dinh hudng, tao t^eu kien vequy thdi gian dengudi hpc cdthetunang cao mptsdklen thuc, kinang thue hanh lien quan Vequy thdigian cija khoa hpc, can bd tri thdi gian hpp li de HS dupc thuc hanh nang eao va thuc tap san xuat tai doanh nghiep Dd'i vdi ehuong trinh tamg cap nghe, thdi gian thuc tap san xuat tai doanh nghiep hien thudng ia6 tuan, nen tang len (kil-4/2013) 10-12 tuan/khda hpc va dupc bdtri dhpc ki cud'i cung (giam thdi gian phan thuc tap co ban va thuc hanh chuyen mdn eua HS tai ta/dng day nghe) Gial quyet tdt npi dung thuc hanh, thue tap tai doanh nghiep, cac ta/dng day nghe vua giam ap lue ve nha xudng, trang thiet bj, chi phi danh cho thuc hanh, thuc tap vda la dieu kien can thietde ngudi hpe cung cdkien thue, ren luy§n nSng eao kT nSng tay nghe va hinh tac phong cdng nghiep 3} Td'chdc tham dinh va bd'sung, cap nhat e r a T/rgrAc Oanh gia tinh chap nhan duoc cua CTDT nghe la danh gia hieu suat va hieu qua eua qua trinh day hpe (eha't lupng dao tao so vdi cac muc tieu da de ra, chi phi ngudn luc hpp li) Qua tha'm djnh CTDT nghe phal dupc djnh ki bd' sung thutifng sau mot khda hpe, dieu chinh eho phu hpp vdi si/phat trien eua khoa hpe - edng nghe, qua trinh thue hien can ed y kien ddng gdp eua ngudi su'dyng lao dpng, ngudi tdt nghiep da dl lam Khi trien khaithychi^n, tardng day nghe vadoanh nghiep can cd kd' hogch phdl hpp chat che de theo dot, soat va kjp thdi hieu ehinh, glai quyet nhiing van de sinh trang qua trinh dao tao, 4) Xay dtmg bg tiiu chuan danh gia chuang Winh: La mdc dp yeu cau va dieu kien ma ehuong trinh c^n dap ung dedupc cdng nhan dat tieu ehuan chait lupng Tieu ehuan danh gia chat lupng CTDT nghelacdngcydeta/dngd^y nghe vadoanh nghiep tudanh gia nh^m khdng ngiing nang eao chat lupng dao tao va gial trinh vdi cac eoquan ehi/e nang, xa hdi ve thyc tr^ng chat lucmg dao tao; de co quan chdc nSng danh gia va cdng nhan chuong trinh dat tieu chuan chait lUdng giao dye; dengutjri hpe ed CP sdlua chpn nganh hpc va nha tuyen dung lao dpng tuyen chpn nhSn luc Bd tieu chuan danh gia chuong trinh cung la vl§c thuc hien mue tieu va dap ung ehuan dau eua CTDT nghe so vdl yeu cau eua xa hpi 5) Ra quyet djnh ban hanh chuang trinh va ban hanh van bin hudng din: Khi CTDT nghe dUdc dupc xay dung, eai tien va hoan chinh, tardng d^y nghe va doanh nghiep phai quyet dinh ban hanh va ap dung ehuong trinh, kem theo ddlavSn ban hudng dan thuc hien Van ban hudng dan thuc hien chuong trinh can giup GV va can bp kT thuat tham gia day hpc nam dupc ten module, thdi lupng, mue tieu can dat dupe cua module, eac npidung day hpc thupc module, hpc kl thuc hien, dieu kien can day hoc module, dja die'm trien khai day hoc, each thdc kiem tra danh gia, tai lieu tham khao, 6) Toehue bdi dudng GV, can bg tht/c hien chuang trinh eai tien: e ap dung vao day hpc dat hieu quaeacCTOTnghedadupc cal tien,hieu chinh, tn/dng day nghe va doanh nghiep phai to' chdc cac buoihdithao, sinh hoat ehuyen mdn va day thunghlem Can giiip G V cua tarting day nghe va can bp kTthuat ciia doanh nghiep tham gia giang day hieu dupc nhiing npi dung cai tien so vdl chuong trinh ciJ each thuc su dyng chuong trinh mdl cd cai tlCTivethdi luong,phuong phap va hinh ^ d c td'chuc day hpc, danh gia , tren co sddd hp dd'i chieu vdi nang lue ehuyen mdn, nghiep vy cua ban than deed ke hoach boi dudng va chuan bl cac dieu kien can thiet cho hoat dpng giang day cua minh Mat khac, thue hien chuong trinh day hpc mdi, G V, can bd kTthuat eung phai ed nhung danh gia va kien nghi vcri lanh dao tn/dng ngheva doanh nghiep de kjp thdi cd nhiing bd'sung, dieu chinh eho phu hpp vol thue t l i n • T^i lieu tham khao NguySn Minh Du&ng Phdl iriin chuong trinh ddo igo nghi vd xdy dung chmmg trinh theo phuang phdp DA CUM T^i li^u tap huSn cua Di^ in "Xay di;ng nang lye cho hf thdng Giio dye ki thuftt v& Day nghfi" ADB-TA-306.-^ 1999 Nguyfin Diic Tri Tdi tiiu l4p hudn xdy dung Tiiu chudn ki ndng nghi TJii lifu sir dung u-ong Dy an Gido due Kt ihugi va Day nghfi (ADB), 2005 Nguyfin Dflng Tm Quy trinh phdl triin chuang Irinh ddo tgo nghi T&i li^u stidung Dy in Giio due Ki Ihuai va D?iy nghfi (ADD), 2002 Per F Ovila Xay dung c h m m g trinh hoc NXB GidodiicB 2005 John Wiles - Joseph Bondi XSy dung chuong trinh hoc - Hmhig dSn thuc hSnh NXB Gido due, H 2005 SUMMARY The Improvement of vocational training curricula on the basis of the framework issued by the State to meet the requirements of enterprises is one of the important tasks ofour vocational training in thecurrent period Thus, in order to have appropriate trainIngcurricula vocational schools and enterprises must cooperate in review and adjusting the available curricula, applying, testing, evaluating the effectiveness of the curricula and ffnally issuing normative documents guiding the Implementation of curricula as weB as fosteriShuman resources to implement the new curricula Tap chi Gide due so 307 | 41 (kil-4/2013)- ... ta/dng day nghecdn can eii ''theo eac phieu nhan xet danh gia cua doanh nghiep doivdi HS qua trinh thi/c hanh, thue tap tai doanh nghiep Mpt so giai phap cai tien CTDT nghe theo dinh hudng ung dyng... nhanh edng nghe san xuait cua doanh nghiep Viec phd''i hpp eua doanh nghiep thudng diing lai dehded phan hoi ve nhung bat cap, han checua CTDT (khdng dap ung yeu eau cua doanh nghiep) va yeu cau tmdng... biet khdi quan diem togk; cau tnic mon hpc tmyen thdng, xay dyng CTOT theo dja chi su dyng dap ung nhu eau cua doanh nghiep theo hudng logic caiu tnic mtji (la he thd''ng cac hpc phan gdm cae module