BIEU HIEIV KHO KHAIM TAIVI U TRONG HOAT DONG HOC TAP CUA SINH UIEN TS D U O N G THI KIM O A N H " Sinh vien (SV) la Ida tuol ed st/ trudng Ihanh ve fTiat tam sinh li Day la thdi ki chuyen liep quan tr[.]
BIEU HIEIV KHO KHAIM TAIVI U TRONG HOAT DONG HOC TAP CUA SINH UIEN TS D U O N G THI KIM O A N H " S inh vien (SV) la Ida tuol ed st/ trudng Ihanh ve fTiat tam - sinh li Day la thdi ki chuyen liep quan trpng cua Ida tud'i vdl nhung bien doi manh meveddng cova Ihang gia In lien quan tdi nghenghiep dehplhi/csuirupng vachuanbj nghe nghiep cho tuong lai Tuy nhien, b i t dau budc chan vao giang dudng dai hpc, S V phailhlch dng vdi rat nhieu thay dd'ive npi dung hpc tap,phuong phap dayva hpc d bae dai hpc, ve cac mdl quan hp xa hdl rdng md Chinh qua trinh tim each tiiich ling vdi nhdng thay doi nay, SV da ggp phal nhieu khd khan, nhatia nhung A/id^fifn fam//'{KKTL} hpc tap Nhung KKTLma S V gap phai lam xuat hien nhieu hien tupng tieu cue nhusdc,chpang,melm6l,tram cam tham chi tuti/ khien SV mat phuong hudng va anh hudng tieu cue d a i chaitlupng vahieu qua/)oafdons'/;pc/^(HDHT) Do dd,pmucdpnao dd, nhung KKTL ehlc chin sehan che cac co hpi cua S V tuPng lai 1.Khainiem TheocactacglaHcang Phe(1)hay Nguydn Nhu Y (2), khd khan dupc djnh nghTa la viec cd nhieu trdnga, dol hdi phai cdsu no luc cdgang mdi dat dupe kel qua Chmg\6\cho'^ng:"Kh6khan lanhung tn/ngaieantra qua trinh hoat dgng, doi hoi canhan phaicd nhieu no luc khic phuc dedat muc t^u da dem" day eua giang vien chua hap din Hoae S V hoc tap sucepldchame.khanang nhan til decuaSV han che, SV ehua eddpng eo hpctap., Cae ye'u td'nay khien SV chan hpc, khdng thu hpc tap, khdng chap hanh ndiquyhpctap,khananglaplnjngchuygiam,hpcsut, hpc kem Trong quatrinh hoatdong, eon ngudiphainhan thue hien thuc khaeh quan va ea hien thuc cua ban than.tuddthe hien tinh cam, thaidpvatien hanh cac hanh dpng cu the de ton lai va phattrien VI vay, nhan thdc, tinh cam va hanh ddng la ba mat cPban eua ddi sdngtamlleon ngudi Nhung KKTL hoatdpng cua eon ngudi cung sinh chlnh tren ba mat Mat nhan thdc cua KKTL de cap den suhieu biet eua ca nhan vedd'l tupng maca nhan y thue thuc hien NhanthdeveKKTLlhehiendhaibinhdieninhanthdc veban than vanhan thuc vedd'l lupng hoatdpng Mat thai dp vaxue cam ndi de'n suthich thu hay khdng cua chu the've doilU(;ffig Mat hanh dpng cho biet cae bieu hien KKTL ben ngoai, dd la cae hanh dpng eg Uie cuaconngutjitrong quatrinh hoatdpng nhlm datmuc dieh da dera Ba mat bleu hien cua KKTL nhan tht/c, tiiai dp vahanhddngcdmd'iquanhematlhietvdinhau.Vivay, de l/ng phd vdi KKTL, can tac ddng dong tiidi tdi caba Trong quatrinh hoatdpng, eon ngudi thudng xuyen bieu hien 2.Bleu hien KKTL HOHT cda SV gSp phai nhdng khd khan gay can trd, lam cho hoat HDHT la hoat dpng dae thu cua eon ngudi nhlm ddng bi chech hudhg hoae lam glam hieu quaeua hoat dpng.TrencPsdkhainiem khd khan nhuda phan tich linh hdl kien tiiuc, kTnang (KN), kTxao nhatdjnh delam dtr&n,ehung tdi quan nIpm:"/(A'rz.iy toan Zjocacyei/ftj' thay ddi chinh chu the eua hoat ddng Dd'i vdl Ida tuol tim linay sinh qua trinh hoat dgng eo tie dgng SV.HDHTkhong chimang day dunhungn^dac trung Heu ei^^ti&i trinh vaketqua hoat dgng cua ea nhari" cua HDHT ndi ehung ma coned dae diem rieng biet; Cac KKTL sinh cac yet/ to khach quan{iSm Day la bai lao ddng tri dc cang thang vol cudng dp boat kipn, phuang tien, mdl tn/dng gia dinh, xa hpi ) hoae dpng cao va cd tinh It/a ehpn rd ret; cd tinh chat va s i c yeu^'chuquan(nhan thuc, thaidd, nang luc, ht/ng thu, thai khae so vdl HDHT dtn/dng phothong; cd s i / g i n ddng CP, kinh nghiem cua ca nhan) Vi dy, KKTL ket ehat che gida hoat dpng nghe nghiep va nghien ciAi HDHTciJa SV cdthe sinh dieu kien phdng oc chat hpp, ndi dung hpe tap qua khd, phUPng phap giang ' Tnidngfi^iIIQC str ph^m hi thuat TP Ho Chi Minh (ki2-3/2013)- Tap chi Gido due so 306 19 khoa hpc; mang tinh ddc lap, tuchi) va sang tao cao Cac dae diem rieng ketren eho thay, trudng dai hpc, HDHTIahoatdpng chudao, g i n vdl nghenghiep va cupc song tUPng lai eua ban than S V Xuat phat tukhai niem KKTL, bieu hien KKTL va dSct^em HDHTcuaSV,Chung toiquan niem:"/a/j/ftt/c re«£7//7";Matnhan thdc ve KKTL hpctap cua SV duqc bieu hien dviec nhan thde veban than (ddng CO hpc tap) va ddi tupng hpc tap, ve nganh hpc va vi Iri cua nganh hpc xa hdi HDHT cua SV g i n lien vol dpng eP hpctap va dd'i tupng cua HDHT la ddng ePthi/e si/cua hoatdpng dd Trong quatrinh hoe tap, SV setudat cho ban than nhung muc dich hpc tap hp cd nhan thde dung ve dd'i tupng cua hoatdpng hpc, ve nganh hpc, yeu c l u cua nganh nghe doi vdi ngudi lao dpng ed trinh dp cao, v l v j ^ lam va tiiu nh£^, Dpng CO hpe tap thuc day SV thyc hl^n cae hanh ddng hpctap nhlm dat dupc muc dlch ct; the Trong thtA: te, mue dieh hpe tap dupc the hien phongphtj, da dang tdng S V.Chang hgn.SVdl hpc deu de theo ddi bal giang dupc lien tyc, SV len thu vi§n de tim hieu kien thuc ve mdl van de ma GV y§u cau, tham gia thuc hanh thudng xuyen de hinh KN van dyng kien th deli thuyet vao thuc tiln Tuy thupc vao sdc hap d i n , Idi cud'n cua muc dich hpc, SV se cd nhung hanh ddng hpe tap khac Vi v^y, thieu ddng CP hpc tap hoae dpng co hpc tap khdng rd rang, SV thudng thieu tich cue, chu dpng l u giac hpc tap - yeu tdde lao nen chat lupng hpc tSp td't ciJa SV dao tao tin chi hi|n Khia canh nhan thuc ve dol tupng ctja HDHT: Dd'i tupng hpc tap cua S V rat phong phd va da dang gom he thd'ng tri thdc, KN, kTxao nghe nghiep dupc the hien qua ndl dung cac tri thue khoa hpc cP ban, tri thdc c o s d nganh va chuyen nganh Ben canh dd, edn cd npi dung eac mdn khoa hpe cdng cy nhu: Nghien ctiu khoa hoe Logic, Ngoai ngu Cac npi dung deu cd vj tri, vai trd va tam quan trpng nhu de hinh nen ngudi lao dpng cd trinh dp cao tupng lai Ben canh dd, S V cung c^n cd suhieu biet ve nganh hpc va vj tri cua nganh 20 Tap chi Gido due so 306 hpe xa hdl de'xac djnh dupc nhiem vu ma ban than phal tht/e hien qua trinh hpc tap Tuy nhien, Irong qua trinh hpe tap, khdng phai SV nao eung cd su nhan thdc dting ve doi tupng hpc tap, ve nganh hpe va vj tri cua nganh hpc xa hdi Chinh su hie'u biet mo ho, khdng rd rang tao nen nhdng KKTL khien SV hpe lap ddi phd, hpe lech, xem Ihudng viec Ihue hien cae nhiem vy hpc tap, thie'u lich cue, chu ddng tugiac hpc tap 2;77»a/rfotfd;VCTW£)Wr;KhltIe'n hanh eac HDHT, SV thucftig trai nghiem hai trang thai khac nhau: Irang thai thoa man va trang thai khdng Uioa man Trang tiiai tiioaman gin vdi nhdng xuc cam duong tinh, va ngupc lai, trang thai khdng tiioa man g i n vdi nhung xuc cam am linh Xettren phuong dien duongtlnh.dSVxu^hien nhiing tiiai dp, cam xuc tich cue nhuld md, ham hpc tap; hiing ttiu hoc tap; quyS tam hoc tap; kien Iri vupt khd Ngupc lai, SV cdcam xiic am tinh tiiudng xem nhe viec hpctap, ttido, b ling, sphal, cang ttiing, chan nan, budng xudl, chaig doi KKTL tiong hpc tap vemat thai dp h/dn gin ien vdf cac trai nghiem cam xuc am tinh Can cdvao cacbioi hien cu thetiong thadova cam xuc nayed thedanh giadupbmuc dp KKTL tipng HDHT cua SV Trong mpt chdng muc nao do,tiiaidpam tinh ddi vdi HDHT khien tinh tieh cue, chu dpng, tugiac hpc tap va k^ qua hpc tap cija SV bi giam sut 3)Hmh dgng hgc tip:Jrong quatrinh hpctap, viec ttiuc hien cac hanh ddng hpc tap cu ttiegiijp SV hinh ttianh p h ^ c h s i n g h e n g h i ^ vanang luc chuyen mon, kha nang tunghien eiiu, tuhpc tap va phUPng phap hpc tap sudt ddi Day la nhung dieu kien can thi^ de SV tid ttianh ngucfl lao ddng cd tiinh dp cao tiong tuong lai De dat dupe nhdng dieu kien c i n thiet cho ho?t dpng nghe nghiep tUPng tai, SV can cd phudng phap, KN hpctap nen tang nhu KN dpc sach, KN nghien Cliu khoa hpc Vi vay, viec S V khdng biet hoae b l ^ khdng rd each thdc thuc hien cac KN hpc tap nen tang mpt each hieu qua la nhdng KKTL bleu hien d mat hanh ddng hpc tap ti'ong HDHT cua SV Can cdvaotieuchi vecach tae ddng eua ngud hgc tc( da tupng hpc t£p, KKTL tiDng HDHT dupcttie'hienqua cac KN sau (3): - Tac dong fruc * ^ ' M o hinh phuong phap tuhpc, ti/ nghien ciiu (phuang phap ttiu nh|n, xd li ttidng tri, nghien cuU khoa hoc ) vdi cac KN nhu: -(ki2-3/2013) + KNdgcsidi:£ia sd'SV chua bi^cach: -Tim valua ehpn sach, tai Beu phuc vu cho viec hoc bd mdn; - Phat hien nhung thdng t i i quan tiong phuc vy cho viec hpc bp mdn; - Dpc k^ hpp giua giao tiinh vdi lai Beu gdc; - Toig hc^, ehpn Ipc, danh gia kien ttiiic P nhieu nguon tai Beu khae nhau; -Ghichep dpc saeh "f KNnghe gmgvaghichep:Ba>iQ.ung^y^H1uung dot yeu cua nhieu SVvihpehuabi^ each:-Dat cau hoide tim kiem, phat hien van de; - Nghe giang va ghi chep day du npi dungcua bai hpc tren bp;-Nghegiangvaghiehep nhungycPban cua bai hpc;-Nghe giang vadlin dat lai npi dung eua bal hoc bing ngdn nguriengcua minh + WV d n / ^ ; - C h u a biet each xay dung kehoach dn tap; lap decuong dn tap; sip xep va phan bai cac tii tiiuc da hpc ttieo mdi fien hede dang viec ghi nhd + KN nghien euu khoa hgc: - Chua b i ^ each lap va xae djnh van de cho bai lap nghien ciiu; lap de cuong bai tap nghien ciiu; xuli eae tai 11^ phuc vu cho bai tep nghien cuij;tiinh bay bai tap nghien eiiu - Tac dgng qua hgp tic, O/thi'h^ minh: Md hinh cac phucmg phap hpp tae vdi KN tiiuy^ trinh, ttiao luan, lam vl$c nhdm.Cyttie:-Chua b i ^ each xay dung de cuong cho tiihg bua ttiao luan; each sip x ^ cau tide bal bao cao bgic, Idioa hpe; each diin dat, tiinh bay rd rang, tutri tiudc tap ttie; each phan tich, danh gia cac quan dion, y kien khac mdt cudc ttiao hjai; each chia se, ddn nhan ttidng tin va phan hdi ttidng t r - Tic dgng qua thong t'n phan ha: Md hinh cac phupngphapti/ldefn tra, tutSeu chinh vd* KN kian tia, danh gia Cy ttie: Chua biet each dpc vaphan lich van de tiudc giai quy^ mpt nhipm vy hpc tap hoae tiong lam bai kiern tia; each lap dan y, xay dung de cuong b^ k i ^ ba;cach phan bottidigian hgp llkhittiuchien mgt bai kian tia; each vi^, tiinh bay cau tra ldi; each danh gia, art krih nghiem sau mdi lan kiem tra hoae giai quy^ mot nhiem vy hpe tap 3.Trendaylaba mat biai hien venhung KKTLtiong hpc tap cua SV Vi vay, de danh gia KKTL tiong hoc tap ctia SV phal dya tien dong ttidi nhi/ng bieu hien venhan thiic,ttialddva hanh dpng hpctap Nghien cdu cac bieu hien KKTL ndl ehung va KKTL hpc tap cua SV ndl rieng cd y nghTa quan trpng khdng chi vipc nang cao chat lupng giang day d d a i hpc ma ccn giup SV tim cac bl^n phap dng phd vdl cac khd khan dd Ooi vdi giang vien, viec nhan dien cac KKTL hpc tap cija SV se giiip hp dieu chmh phuong phap giang day cho phti hpp Vdi SV, nhan biet dupe KKTL cua ban than se giup hp tu dieu chlnh boat ddng de thieh ung vdi su thay dd'i ve not dung, phupng phap day va hpc a bae dai hpc, qua dd hinh KN dng phd de nhdng KKTL khdng han checac CP hdi tutfng lai Q (1) HoSng Phe (chu bifin) TOr d i l n ti^ng ViSt NXB Dd Ndng, 2008 (2) NguySn Nhir V Tii- d i l n tigng Vi^t th6ng dung NXB GidoducH 1988 (3) NguySn Canh To^n (chu bitn) Hpc v i day cdch hpc NXB Dgt hgc suphgm H 1995 Tai lifu tham Ithdo Le van Hdng - Le Ngpc Lan - NguySn Van Thing Tam li hpc liia tu6i v& tSm Ii hpc sirpham NXB Dgi hgc qudc gia Hd N