MOT S6 VAN DE VE DAY HOC TUf VA CAU 6 TIEU HOC THEO QUAN Dif iM GIAO TIEP ThS TRAN TH! QUYNH N G A " V B Kasevleh cho rang " Tmyen datthongtin li mdt trong nhung dang va binh dien giao tiep (GT) can y[.]
MOT S6 VAN DE VE DAY HOC TUf VA CAU TIEU HOC THEO QUAN D i f i M GIAO TIEP ThS TRAN TH! Q U Y N H N G A " V B Kasevleh cho rang:" Tmyen datthongtin li mdt nhung dang va binh dien giao tiep (GT) can yeu nhi'tgiUa ngudi v^ ngudf Cd thexem ngdn ngula mdt hethd'ng GT (communicatbn systems), ngdn n g d l u nhien ve ban chat la mang tinh giao liep, tach khdi GT ngdn nguse la "vat chef Trong day hpc, quan diem GT dugc xem la mpttrong nhiJng dinh hudng chu dao, la "diem nhan" lao nen "Ilnh hon" cho hoat ddng thuc hanh tie'ng Viet (TV) Dieu cung dugc ghi nhan ehuyen san s69 eua Hpi Ngdn ngiJung dung the gidi (AILA): "Dayhoc (DH) ngon ngd phai gin vdi GTviGTIa chdc nang yeu cua ngdn ngd; vi'n de ciu true, cu phip, kien thuc ve tdvung dugc dua xudng hang thuhaP Trong qua trinh DH TV d tieu hpc, viec soi ehieu cac don vj tt) va cau tli gdc nhin GT khdng nhung ed y nghTa ve mat li luan ma cdn gdp phan mang lai nhung tae ddng lich cue cho viec de xual va dieu chinh eac phuong phap to ehiie gid hgc Bdi, suy cho cung, cai dich cua day ngdn ngu khdng phai chi diJTig d viee trau doi cho ngudi hpc nang lgc ngdn ngi? (linguistic competence) ma quan trpng hdn la giup hp cd dugc nang Iyc GT (communicative competence) (khainiem cua Hymes) Tl/ va cautrong hoatdgng GT Mang nhDng ehdc nang dae tn/ng nhuchiic nang djnh danh, chiic nang phan biet nghTa, chiie nang ngiJphap, ft/dugc xem la don vi eoban, don vi tmng tam cua mdl ngon ngii L.V Scherba ggi tu la "gach" - cal vtia cd the xem nhu mot miu tach biet rdrang, dgctapvita la ea sdde ciu thinh cae don vildnhan Td mang den nhiing "hinh dung ve mgt ngdn ngQ", la chatli?uki dieu ma vdind, eon nguffl cdthe lao nen nhi/ng cdng trinh ki vTnhat bang ngdn ngQ Cung vdi chat lieu ay, loai ngucfl del nhung don vi GT de the hien cae ytudng, susang tao, diln ta nhung eung bae cam xue da sac, da ehieu Trong hoat dpng GT, neu ^i/dugcxem la chat lieu kien tgo thi cau chinh la "don vj nho nhaf tham du vao qua trinh chuyen tai nhQng tu tudng, khat vgng Itji Vdn mang cau tnJc nghTa phuc tap, dong (ki 1-3/2013)- thdi lai ludn cd nhung bien dieu thu vj ve nghTa, tti TV nuong nau va song ddi sdng day du nha't eau, ndi each khac la thuc tien GT (ndi hoae viet) TQ "an" la mdt vl dy sinh dgng' "an thude", "an than", "an trau", "an hang", "an anh", Cd the nhin thay mdl quan he theo kieu l d n tr eua /£/va cautrong ngdn ngu Dae biet hon, eung vdiqua trinh thuc hien chiic nang giao tiep, td khdng nhQng hien thuc hoa nghia ma cdn hien thue hda cac thude tinh nguphap, hien thuc hda cau tao Trong dd eau cung cd nhung the nghiem da dang ve eau tmc thdng bao, ve hinh thdc, cau tao nhu linh luge phan, thie't lap de ngii hay thay dol trat tu lu de lao nghTa mdi cho phal ngdn Neu Irong tho van, td- cau thuc hien cude phieu luu ki thij tren phdng nen eudc song rdn ttianh am thi budc hien Ihucdmdt tmdng GT ey the, td- cau\a\ gdp phan chuyen tai eac thdng diep khac dong thdi vdi viec bleu dat nang luc ngdn ngQ, tU eua cac nhan vat tham gia GT Xem xet cac vi dy (a) va (b) de thay rd dieu dd (a) Sing nghe tieng chich chde/Budi dai nhu mat trdi be tren eanh/Mua he gidng chiec long xanh/ Decon chim nhdhdtthanh menh mdng (Chim chich c/ide-Tran Manh Hao) (b) - 01 vudn nha bae trdng nhieu hoa quit Cd hoa lan, hoa ddng tien, lai cdhoa giay nda niy • Thich khdng? Vudn nha chau cd hoa gi nao? - Chau thich lam al Nhung nha chau be tl tl, ching edvudnmatronghoa.Trongnhachitoan hoakhd, hoa gia'y thdi, -The a? Bacuom cho chau vai loai vao may cai chau nhd, lat mang ve nhe! •p\, bae la "sd'mdf day a! Cf (a), eung vdi phep lien tufflig Ihu vi, cac cau tho dan del vao lam nen mot btic tranh binh minh treo, yen binh Dpng lii/oe, dpng tuchi suchuyen hda (hdt) ggi md nhieu chieu suy tudng Trong (b), tu - eau bieu dat mdt eudc thoai nhe nhang, dd cd mdt chi tiet thii vj ve hoa giiy Ngdn ngu doi thoai tu nhien, lao nen nhjp dieu song ddng, tuol vui ' Tnrong Dai ligc sir pham - DH M Tap chi Gido due so 305 39 Trong GT va eung vdi GT, tu mdi bdc Id dugc het cac tang y nghTa, dae tmng va chde nang kien tmc cija minh; va cung tu hoat ddng GT, ehung la cd the nhin thay nhQng bien dieu thu vj cua ciu Ndi dung DH ft/va cau chuong trinh TV tieu hoc t u g d c nhin GT Xet vdi tucach la mpt npi dung day hpc,/t/va cau thuoc dia hat cua Luyen tu va ciu - mpt bay phan mdn TV CtJng vdi dmh hudng lich hop, tu va cauduoc xem xel mdl quan he tac ddng qua lai ian Cd the hinh mdt so md ta khai quat vendi dung DH ft/va cau nhu sau: TO L < H I | - & « ^ » ^ c i i W c , * i , thtfc ifcl QuandlemGTchiphd'imanh meden ndi dung DH tu va ciu a tieu hpc Cac tri Ihiic ngdn ngQ dugc lua chgn tren co sdcua djnh hudng GT, phuc vy mdt each tich cue cho viec ren cac kT nang su dyng TV (nghe, ndi, dpc, vie't) de hpc tap va GT trpng mdi tmdng phu hgp ltia tud'i Chang han nhu, ve lu loai, n^oai cac ldp tu dugc si/ dyng thudng xuyen de bieu dat hien thuc khach quan, de chuyen tai cae thdng diep tii cudc sd'ng nhu danh td dqng lu, tinh tu, chuong trinh TV tieu hge de xual hai lu Ioal gan vdi hoat ddng GT, dd la daitu (xung hd hoae thay the) va quan he tu (lien kel eac don vj ngdn ngu) T i i diem nhan la cac chu diem hgc tap, vipc mdrdng, lam giau vd'n tti thuc su m d r a trude mat hge sinh (HS) nhiing chan trdi tri thiic mdl, giup cae em van hanh linh hoat lii phu hgp nghTa, phli hgp ngucanh GT Trong phan mdn Luyen td va eau, caueung dugc sol chieu l u nhieu gdc do: tu cac kieu cau nen tang (Alia gi?,AI lam gl?, Allhe nao?) de'n viec phan Ioal cau Iheo cau tao va theo muc dich phat ngdn Diem thu vi eua chugng trinh TV hien hanh la gia lang "gia vi" cua GT bang cac ndi dung D H mdi: Giuphep lich stf dat ciu hdi 40 Tap chi Gido due so 305 Sudung cau hdi vdimuc dich khie, Giuphep lich su biy td yeu cau, denghi Tinh GT in dam dau an he thdng bal tap thuc hanh, bai tap tinh hudng Nhung tinh hud'ng nho, gan gui vdi ddi sdng hang ludn ed stic hap dan HS, dua eac em vao nhung tmdng GT cu the mpt each tunhien Vi du: Dat ciu khien phu hgp vdi cie tinh hudng sau: a) Vao gid kiem tra, chang may but cua em bi hdng Em biet ban em cd hai but Hay ndi vdi ban mpt caudemugn but b) Em goi dien thoai cho ban, gap ngudiddau day ben la bo cua ban Hay ndi mot cau vdi bae ay de bae ehuyen may cho em ndi chuyen vdi ban em c) Em dang tim nha ban bdng gap mqtchutumqt nhagi'ndiybudcra.Hayndimdteaunhdchuaychi dudng (Bai lap 2, Tieng Viet 4, tap 2, tr.93).^ Tiigdc nhin GT dieu can ghi nhan va khang dmh la viee lich hop eac ndi dung DH tu va cau Ti/duge dat ciu, the hien chiic nang kien tao, eau tmc cau de tli dd bat dau nhQng hanh trinh GT va the nghiem Ndi each khae ngdn ngQlhoat khoi trang thai ITnh tai, song ddi sdng thue su cua nd GT Md hinh sau vtia eho thay sutieh ht;^ giua hai don vj ngdn ngu DH TV d tieu hpc, vua khang djnh tinh hanh chiic cija td va ciu: K^ciu Aiua^ Oann|u|D*i*i Anhlnki? Daiiri-E>4ng U[iucrj