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DAY VA HOC TICK CUE DIEM M A U CHfiT THANH CONG TRDNG THUG HIEN DAO TAO THEO HOC CHE TIN CHI ThS H O A N G XUAN NGHIEM* Thuc hien Id trinh vaquy djnh ctia Bp Giaodue va Dao tao da so cae co sd giao du[.]
DAY VA HOC TICK CUE - DIEM MAU CHfiT THANH CONG TRDNG THUG HIEN DAO TAO THEO HOC CHE TIN CHI ThS T huc hien Id trinh vaquy djnh ctia Bp Giaodue va Dao tao da so cae co sd giao due dai hpc (trudng cao dang va dgi hpc) da chuye'n ttidao lao theo nien che hge phan sang dao tao theo hge che tin chi (HCTC) Dao lao theo HCTC la phuong thi/c dao tao lien lien, ddi hoi sudd'i mdi phuong phap day hpe (PPDH), tti tiep can ndi dung sang tiep can phuong phap hgc ciia smh vien (SV) Cd nhieu each tid'p can khac ve dd'i mdi PPDH eho phu hop dao tgo theo HCTC dd day vi hge tieh cue (DVHTC) la diem mau chdt thinh cong thue hien dio tao theo HC TC Van d e n h a n thuc 1} Tinh tieh cue 'Tich cue" la cd y nghla, cd tac diinglhtje day suphat trien; tdra chti dpng, ed nhiing hoat ddng nh^m taora subien doi theo hudng phat trien hoae dem helkhanang vatam tri delam viee Tinh tich cue la mdt pham chait ciia ngudi ddi song xa hdi Mot nhiJng nhiem vu chti yeu ctia giao due va dao tao la hinh tinh tich ct/c hge tap nham dao tao nhung ngudi nang dpng, tich ci/c tugiae, sang tao Ihich ting, gdp phan phattrien xa hpi Oong thdi, tinh tieh cue cdn la dieu kien, la ket qua ciia suphat trien nhan each ngud^ hpc qua trinh giao due 2) Tich CI/C hgc tap Tich eye hpe tap la nhung gi dien ben ngudi hoc, la dpng co hpc tap, thti hpc tap, su tugiae va tinh sang lao hpc lap Tich cue hpc tap nh^m bien ngudi hge Iti dd'i tut;ffig tiep nhan ndi dung tri thtic sang tiep nhan phuong phap hpc tap, tti dd cd y thtic chii dpng tim kiem tri thiic, nang cao hieu qua hpc tap H O A N G XUAN NGHIEM* trien tinh sang tao la eo ban Cac hoat ddng hpc lap duge ngudi day to' chiie va dinh hudng Ngudi hpc khdng thy ddng, chd dpi tiep nhan ma tugiae tieh cue tham gia vao qua trinh lim kiem, kham pha, phat hien kien thtic va dieu quan la van dyng kien thtic da ITnh hdl vao giai quyet eae van de thuc tiln mdt each sang tao "DVHTC" dem lai cho ngudi hgc hiing thii, niem VUI hoc tap, phti hgp vdl tinh each ua hoat ddng ciia ngudi hoc ndi ehung, tre em ndi rieng Viec hpc da trdthanh niem vui, niem hanh phtic se gliip cac em tich cue, chti ddng, sang tao va say me ddc lap kham pha, tijfdd phuong phap hpc se hinh cac em Dieu dd rat can (edn gpi la maiu chd't) dao lao theo HCTC Cac dau hieu dae trung cua DVHTC 1}DVHTC quan tam den khau thietkebaiday cua ngudiday Trong PPDH dol mdi ndi ehung day hpc theo HCTC ndi rieng, ngudi thay xua't hien tren bue giang chi vdi vai trd la ngudi td'chiic, hudng d i n dinh hudng cho ngudi hpc Oe cdthelht/c hien tot vai trd ctia minh, ngudi Ihay b^l bude phai cd qua trinh nghien ctiu sau tai lieu va dd'i luong liep thu kien thtic {ngudi dang can ca kien thiic vaphuong phap hpe tap mdi) Tiidd, ngudi day thietke bai day theo hudng to' ehiic, hd trg ngudi hpe tu giac, ehu dgng kham pha, llm hieu, Unh hdl kien thiie mdl each lich cue Dol mdi PPDH theo hutifng tieh eye hda ngudi hpc, dae biet la dao tao theo HCTC b i t budc ngudi thay phai ludn ludn sang tao thiet kebai hpedengudi hpe khdng cam tha'y nham chan Ngudiday phai cdng khaichuongtrinh.cdng khai de euong chitiet dengudi hge n^m bat va lua chgn Cd the ndi: thiet ke bai day mgt each khoa hpc va sang lao da dam bao thi/c hien cdng 50% myc dich gid hpe Quan trpng hon, tich ci/c hpc tap cd lien quan td^ tuduy ddc lap.Oay la mdt nhOng kieu tuduy rat c i n thiet de hinh tinh chu ddng, tt/ giac tht/c hien tot cac nhiem vu hpc tap dugc giao va s i n sang chia se, tham gia cting cac ban qua trinh hge tSpnhdm, hoatdpng thuchanh, lam thinghlem,trinh bay vjin de theo each hieu cua minh cua ngudi hge 2) DVHTC quan tam den khiu to cht/c cac hoat dgng cua ngudn hgc va ren luyen phucmg phap tuhge Trong DVHTC can ren eho ngudi hpc phuong phap tuhpc Bdi, thdi quen, phUdng phap va 3) DVHTC - D V H T C la PPDH nh^m tieh cue hda hoat ddng hpc lap cua ngudi hpc, dd phat ' PiMwe Quan ll MHH hoc & Qiian he quoc te, Tnfohg Cao dang S(M L3 Tap chi Gido dye so 305 (ki 1-3/2013)- z\ y c h i t u h g c s e k h o i d a y o H S n i e m say me hpc tap, mem tin, susang lao kham pha tri thtic, l i i d d nang cao kel qua hpc tap ciia cac em Mpttrong nhung yeu cau cua DVHTC la khuye'n khich ngudi hpc tu kham pha nhung dieu chua biet tren co sd nht/ng tiieu da biet True tiep tham gia vao qua trinh hgc lap, ngudi hpc dugc dat vao nhimg tinh hudng cd vain de, bat budc phai ddng nao, phai quan sat, thao luan, trao doi, thuc hanh, thi nghiem va dua y kien ea nhan minh trude nhung gi dang xay quatrinh nghe thay va thuc hien eac thao tac kham pha, Mdl lan dua duge ehinh kien ctia ban than, duoc ban be ngudi day khieh le, ngudi hgc se them ti/tin dl vao cac kham phamdi Nhu vay, viec td'chiic eac hoat dpng hpc tap se trdthanh trung tam cila quatrinh day hgc theo HCTC Ngudi day can biet lap ke hoach day hgc eho qua trinh day hpc la chudi cae hoat ddng hudng d i n ngudi hpc phat trien cac nang lue can thie't va ngoai nha tn/dng, eudc sdng hien tai cung nhutuong lai 3) DVHTC quan tam den boat dgng hge tap dgc iap va su hgp tac nhdm hgc tap cua ngudihoc De ngudi hpc cd co hpi bde Id kha nang hgc tap ddc lap va phat trie'n kha nang ban than, thie't kebai day can quan tam dua ngutirt hpc vao cac md'i quan hp ngucri day vdi ngudi hgc, ngudi hpc vdl ngudi hpe Trong md'i quan he luong tac dd, ngucri hgc khdng chi hgc qua ngudi day ma edn hgc duge nhieu tti chinh ban hpe cua minh Su chia se kmh nghiem l l n sekich thich tinh tieh cue, chu ddng va sang tao ctia mdi ca nhan Trong DVHTC, ngut^ day can quan tam de'n viee khao sat, danh gia trinh dp nhan thiic, kha nang tham gia eac hpat ddng ciia mdi canhan mdl Ic^ hgc, tren co sd dd xay dung cac nhiem vu hoae bai tap d nhiing mtic dp khac nhau, phu hdp vdi kha nang timg ngudi hgc Dong thdi de hpc t?p Iheo hudng hgp tac cd hieu qua ngudi day can quan tam hinh cho ngudi hgc thdi quen tu giae, tdn trpng, giiJp dd ISn Nhiem vu giao cho nhdm, giao cho tting ca nhan phai ro rang Mdi vien nhdm deu dugc phan cdng dam nhiem mpt nhiem vy phu hgp kha nang, soln/dng Suphan cdng ay cung phai ludn Ihay doi qua mdi gid hgc, mdi mdn hpc nhim kiem soat linh tugiac ctia ngudi hgc 4} D VH TC quan tam den kit hgp dinh gia cua ngudiday vatudanh giaeua ngudihoc Jiidanh gia la qua trinh ngudi hoc it/ lien he cac nhiem vu da thuc hien vdi muc (Jieh cua qua trinh hpc tap de thaiy 32 Tap chi Gido due so 305 duge qua trinh phan dau da dap ting yeu eau hay chua Ket hgp vdi viee danh gia cua ngudi day ngudi hgc se hpc each danh gia, each tudanh gia ban than de phat hien nhiing diem can thay ddi nh§m hoan thien minh, Tudanh gia khdng don thuan la lu minh eho diem so cac hoat ddng ma la danh gia ca qua trinh phan dau, hoc tap, qua trinh tu ren luyen, sund li/c de ed ket qua hge tap eao hon Trong day hge tich cue va dao tao theo HCTC, viec danh gia ket hgp giua ngudi day va ngudi hoc khdng chi nham danh gia tht/c Irang de dieu chinh qua trinh hge lap cua ngudi hpe ma dong thdi tao eo hdi va dieu kien de ngudi day dieu chinh eae hoat dgng' thiel ke bai day, td'chiic, co vain cho ngudi hgc Day va hgc tfieo nien ehe hpc phan, cac bai tap ve nhatn/dng chidon thuan khuyen khich ngudihoc ghi nhd kien thiic Day hgc theo tin chl vaday hge tich cyc khuye'n khieh ngucri hpc van dung kien thtic da Hep thu vao dieu kien Ihuc ledephuc vy cac hoat dpng tai gia dinh, cpng dong mdt each sang tao DVHTC dao tao theo HCTC DVHTC ndi ehung, dao lao theo HCTC noi rieng la qua trinh hutmg tdi ngudi hpc, nham thiA; hi^n cdhieu quacac tnj cdtcua giao due la;/?pcrfe6A^;/)oc delam; hqc de Chung saig; hqc de lam ngUi^.DVHTC dao tao theo HCTC cdn gdp phan gitip ngudi hpe thuc hien triet li hqc suot ddi Oe thuc hien dupc myc tieu dd cd le, day va hpe dao tao theo HCTC can: 1) Mem deo toehue dao tao Tinh mwn deo HCTC la tang cudng tinh chu dpng,sang lao cho SV hoat ddng hpc tap; gliip SV hinh ki nang hpc tap va lam viec Vdlmue dich tren, HCTC da taora mdt hgc chemem deo,linh hoat hudng veSVde tang cudng tinh chu dpng va kha nang sang tao cOa SV vatao nhiing san pham cdtinh thich ungcaovtjl lhi tn/cng lao dpng nude Oao tao lin ehi ddi hoi SV phai ed tinh tu giac cao viec tu hgc, tu nghien cuu, biel each ehu dpng khai thae sudyng hieu qua eac nguon tai lieu de trd ngudi tri Ihiie • nguon luc quan trpng va la nguon lai nguyen vd tan cua mpi qud'c gia 2) Linh hoat tong xac dinh phuong thuc hqc tap cho ngudi hge Phuong thiic hpc lap dao tao theo HCTC thtjie ehai la lay hoat ddnghgc lam yai td'chij ye'u, hoat ddng day la de hudng d i n hogt dpng hpe, tao dieu kien, mdl tn/dng cho ngudi hpc tutich luy -(kil-3/2013) kien thiic, kT nang mon hgc thdng qua hoat ddng tu hpc, cd nghTa la ngudi hoc "tuddng gdr kien thiic eho minh dudi suhudng d i n cua giao vien Vi vay, tu hpe dugc coi la mdt phan b i t bude dao tao theo HCTC Vain de dat d day la tinh tu giac, lich cue, chu ddng, y thi/c l u hoc cua SV cdn ye'u, nha't la SV nam dau cdn chua thich ting vdi each hpc d mdi trudng dai hoc, cao dang Bdi hoc d trudng dai hgc, cao dang la "hgc each hge" nen giang vien can trang bi cho cac em nhiing "cdng cu", "each" de eae em^cd the lam viec Irong mdi trudng dai hgc, cao dang, dae biel thich ung vdl phuong thtic dao tao theo HCTC Tuynhien,phalphan dinh miic ddphu hgp vdi viec tu hpe ctia S V cac nam Vdi S V nam dau, giang vien quan tam hudng d i n tan tinh cac em "each tu hoc" b i n g each: chu ddng giao npi dung lu hoc cho SV, giao phai cd su hudng d i n va giam sal hieu qua Giang vien nen ap dyng cac kTthuat viec hutimg dan lu hge cho SV (xay dung phieu tu hpc; phieu hudng d I n S V jien he Ihuc le; tao ban tu duy), Ngoai ra, can to' chtic cho S V ndi va lam nhieu qua trinh hpc tap 3) Tht/c hi^n tot phuang an do) mdi phuang pAip day Ape Trong bat Cli nen giao dye nao, Ihdi dai nao, viec dd'i mdi PPDH ciing ludn ludn dugc dat va ddi hdl phai 6uqc danh mdt thdi lugng thda dang trien khai thuc hien va glam sat, danh gia Tmdc hel dd'i vdl giang vien, can thietke npi dung bai giang ctia minh theo ti/ng van de trgng tam, cd su lien kel logic, khdng nen giang day theo tting chuong muc Sau dd, phai djnh hudng dugc nhung npi dung can nha'n manh giang day vaphan de SV l u hpc Cy the: - Ndi dung giang vien phan tich, giang giai ehiem khoang 40% mdt van de giang day; - Ndi dung SV thao luan tren Idp dudi si/hudng dan eua giang vien chiem 60% mptvan de giang day Tai lieu Iham khao I Chl Ihl 40-CT/TW 15/6/2004 cua Ban Bi ihu vd xay dimg nang cao chai luong doi ngu nh& giao va can h quan ii Quy^i dinh stf 09/20n5/0D-TTg 11/01/2005 vg viec phe duyfil De an "Xa) dijng, nang cao cao chai liTong d6i ngfl nha giao \a can bp quan Ii ?> Quyt?l djnh 4.V2007/QD-BGDDT 15/8/2007 \k vific ban hanh Quy ch^ dao tao iheo hoc che lin chi Dgy vd hoc tich cue Tai heu cua Dir an Vifit - Bi phSn II xuSl han nam 2010 Kiy^uhOinghi khoa hi)c So ket cdng tdc in^n khai ddo lao iheo hpc ch^ tin chi irong ndm hpc 20112012 Trircrng Cao ddng Scrn La Pligm Minh Hung "Mfii.so'giai phap nang cao kha nang thich iing vol hoai dfing d