Miir so KINANG CAN REN lUVfN CHO SINH VIEN KHOA GIAO DOC M A M NON TRONG QOA TRlNH THOG TAP SIT PHAM TAI CAC ca sa MAM NON TS, NGUYEN THj BICH T H U r f 1 7"/?uc/ap st/p/iam (TTSP) la mpt ndi dung hpc[.]
Trang 1Miir so KINANG CAN REN lUVfN CHO SINH VIEN KHOA GIAO DOC M A M NON TRONG QOA TRlNH THOG TAP SIT PHAM
TS, NGUYEN THj BICH T H U r f
1.7"/?uc/ap st/p/iam (TTSP) la mpt ndi dung hpc
tap khong the thieu trong qua trinh dao tao d cac
Khoa Giao due mam non (GDIvlN),£)ay la khoang
thdi gian quan trpng va can thiet de SV dupc tidp can
thyc tien cdng viec, van dung nhung kien thuc li thuydt
vao thyc teddi sdng, hoc dupc nhung ki nang (KN)
cham sdc -giao due (CS-GO) Ire, qua dd, cac em se
hinh dung dupc nhi/ng cong viec va pham chat can
edcija mpt GVMN trong tuong lai
Ddi vdi Khoa GDM N (thupc cac trudng cao dang
supham), SV bat dau di thyc tap ngay lu nam thu 2
Irddi.Tuy nhien, trong thyc te, cac em van chua Ihuc
sydupc ren luyen cac KN can thiet nhu: thiet ke cac
gdc trong Idp theo y tudng cija minh cho phu hpp vdi
nhu cau, hung thu ctJa tre cung nhu ndi dung cua
dung^cu hpc tap cho tre ti) cac nguyen lieu da dang
ma van chu yeu sudung cac dd dung ad chai cd san
Khdng nhung the, khi tochuc cac hoat dpng giao due
(HOGD) cho tre, SV thudng tien hanh cac budc theo
dung nhunpl dung kehoach da xay dyng ma it quan
tam den kha nang cung nhu nhu cau, hung thij eiJa
tre, chua hieu tre mong mudn hpc gi, tim kiem give
ndi dung dd'i tupng dd Bay la nhung han che Idn nhat
cua SV khi lien hanh tochuc cac HDGD cho tre d
trudng mam non,
2 Mpt so KN CO ban can hinh thanh cho SV
trong qua trinh TTSP nhu sau:
1) Quan sat: La KN chu dao va nhat thiet phai
cd dd'i vdi G VMN trong qua trinh CS-G Dire, Khi to
chuc bat ki HO nao ddcho Ire, giao vien (GV) phai
ludn CO so chi chep, but, tham chi neu cd dieu kien
cd the trang bi may anh, may quay phim de ghi lai
khi vui Choi, hpc tap, Nhung thdng tin thu dupe
giup GVcd the nim b i t va danh gia tdng qual dac
diem phal trien nhan thuc cua Ire Idp minh ptiy
26 [_J^P chi Giao due so 317
trach, qua dd, GV xay dung ke hoach Roat ddng giao due eijng nhu cd the cung cap cho phu huynh l(hican thiet
2) Thiet keva xay dung fd'hoach HD: Day
cung la KN ralquan trpng va can thiet dd'i vdi moi
SV, Ho phai biet each xay dung ban ke'hoach HD
cu the trong thang, tuan, dac biet la nhung npidung dien ra trong mpt ngay eiia Ire, Cac HO nay phai dua tren hdng thu, nhu cau, nguyen vpng cung nhu muc ddva kha nang phat Irien nhan thdc cija Ire, sd lupng Ire, cac loai dd dung, dd chai va trang thiet bi tfong tap, thai gtan to chuc cac HD Ngoai
ra, GV phai trao ddi vdi phu huynh de thdng nhat cac ndi dung hpc tap va vui choi cho Ire, chuan bi
dd diJng, dung cu va do choi cho Ire HD , Ke hoacti
HO trong mpt ngay phai dam bao dupe mdi lien he mat thidt vdi kehoach HO cua tuan, thang va nam hpc De xay dyng dupc k i hoach HD trong mot
nguyen tac CO ban sau:
• Ke hoach HB trong ngay ciia tung ngay phai lien quan mat thiet vdi nhau lao cho Ire cam giac thoai
mai, vui tuoi khi liep thu tri thdc va kinh nghiem, Oac biet tre phai nhan biet dupc khi ket th tie mpt HO thi HD tiep theo sau dd phai la HO nao
- Then gian bieu trong ke hoach HD ngay phai phan anh dugc nhung nhu cau sinh ii co ban cua tre
nhugidan, gid dive sinh, gid vui choi, gid hpc tap, gid ngij., Tre em rat de rai vao linh trang qua say me va
HD mpt each tich cue thai qua vdi cac trd choi cung nhu cac HD ma ehtlng hung phan, thich thii (vi chua,
cua ban than) nen Ire cd the qua hung phan hoac qua uc che (vi du, khi Ire qua met moi hoac ddi khai chung se rat de ndi ndng, cau gat, khdng lam chu dupe ban than cung nhu cac hanh vi cua minhUVi ' Khoa Giao dgc mam non, Tnrifng CDSP TW Nha Trang
Trang 2chu djnh, phu hpp vdi dge diem phat Irien lam sinh li
cua Ire M N d liing dp tuoi,
- Kehoach HB Irong ngay phii dam bao tinh can
bing theo thi/ tu va ndidung giiJa cac HB: HO tinh/
HD dpng; HD trong Idp/HO ngoai trdi; HO ca nhan/
HD theo nhdm Idn, nhdm nhd; HO GV lua chpn/HD
tre dupc tu do lua chpn Khi quyet djnh thu ty cac
HD,GV phai bd tri dan xen caeHD vdi nhau Vidu,
sau gid HD ehurg phai la gid HO ngoai trdi hoac cac
HO van dpng than the
- Ke hoach HB ngay phai co cac HD tac dong
Usang ho tich cue giua tre vdi tre, giua ca nhan tre vdi
G V, giua nhdm tre vai G V Dae biet, phai lao cho tre
CO hoi dupe hop tac, giao luu vatraoddi mpt each tich
cue vdi GV, nhung ngudi Idn xung quanh,
- Kehoach HB ngay phai dugc tien hanh mol each
linh hoat, \(iy\heo sy thay ddi cua thdi tiet, ht/ng thu
cua tre de dieu chinh thdi gian cho HD dd nen keo dai
ra hay ml ngan di Tuy nhien, dtj HO nao ddcd hap
dan, hutig tiiu den dau cung khdng nen keo dai qua
nhu se lam giam hung thiJ eua tre Idi cac HO tiep theo
sau dd
3} KN to' chuc cac HD dien ra trong ngay
cho tre:
'KN to cht/c cac HD CO chu dich:-Kh\(\enharih
cac HO nay, GV khdng nen phan chia rieng re
Wng npi dung HO ma tatca cac HD phaidupc lien
ket va tien hanh mptcach tich hop nham giiJp tre
phat trien loan dien Vidu, thay vi viec phan chia
va tien hanh rieng biettung npidung mithuat,am
cac npi dung nay vdi nhau va xay dyng ke hoach
HO cho Ire nham giup tre phat trien va trudng thanh
mptcach loan dien, Mudn lam dupc dieu do, SV
phai nim chac dupc nhung yeu cau ca ban nhu
sau: - Lua chpn dupe cac phuong phap, bien phap
hinh thuc va phuang tien giang day phu hpp de
phuong phap, bien phap, hinh Ihuc va phuang lien
giang day phai dupe su dung mdt cac linh hoat va
mang lai hieu qua, phai biet each khai thac triet de
tinh nang va hieu qua ciia ehiJng; • Phai xem xet
vacan nhac den viec hinh thanh nhdm tre, Nghia
la, khi to'chuc HO cho Ire se lua chpn nhdm tre nhu
haytu'ngca nhan ; -Quan lam dac biet den viec
chuan bj dd dung, dd chai, hpc lieu va giao cu,,,,
phong phij ve mat ndi dung Bai tri cac gdc chai hpp li vdi he Ihdng dd dung dd chai va hpc lieu sinh dpng, hap dan va Idi cudn lam cho ire tham gia vao
quyet djnh dia diem to chdc HO phai hinh dung Irudcve hoan canh mditrudng td'ngtheeuaealdp hpc; - Phai quyet dinh hinh thai ddng cohpc tap-Caimacd the duy tri dupe lau nhat hung thtJcua Ire Idi cac HO vui choi va hpc tap
- KN to chdc cac HB theo nhu cau hung thu cua
/re.TS Shin Eun Soo (2001) qua rat nhieu cdng trinh nghien cuu cua minh daehi ra mplsoKN can thiet maGVMN phai nam vung deldchUc cac gidHO theo nhu cau va hiJng thu eua tre nhusau: • GV phaiquan sat thai dp cung nhu mpi hanh ddng cua tre khi tham gia trd chai, Vdi nhung Ire em khong hung Ihu, khong tap trung vao HO choi, gay on ao, ma't trat ty, gay go hoac tranh cudp dd choi cija cac ban, G V phai kip thcri nhac nhdihat nghiem khac Odngthdiphai trd chuyen
khdng hung thu, khong m udn tham gia, qua dd, ddng vien khich le tre, tao ra cac tinh hudng gay dupe su
HO chai tich cue, ehij ddng va sang tao; - Khi Ire cd hung thu chol cac trd chai mdt minh, GV phai biet each chai vdi Ire nhu mdt ngudi ban (bang each ngdi canh Ire, cung su dung cac dd choi, trd chuyen va thao luan cung tre) qua do gian tiep hudng dan cho tre each hda nhap vdi cac ban; - Biet each bai tri va sap xep do dung, dd chai diJng vdi ndi dung HO choi, thudng xuyen thay ddi, md rong va tich hpp npi diing cac gde choi vdi nhau nham tao ra mpt san choi tdng the, - odi vdi nhung trd choi ddng vai, ddng kjch (ddi hdi cd su tac dpng tuang ho mot each tich cue giua tre vdi nhau), GV phaiquan sal mpt each chat che va bao quat mpi hanh ddng chai cua Ire, khich le, ddng vien Ire kip thdi khien trelutin vao ban
phai khen ngpi nhiJng ket qua choi ma Ire dat dupc, tao dieu kien Ihuan ipi nhat de Ire dupc tham gia tich eye vao cac HD hpc tap tin kiem, kham pha thdng qua vui choi; - Vao thdi gian choi ty do, cho tre dupc tudo lua chpn cac trdchoi ma chiJng Ihich Khi mudn hudng Ire sang cac HD choi khac, GV phai khai gpi
trd choi khac mdt each hpp li; - De khich le va phat huy dupc tinh luchu, lich cue, chu ddng vasang tao
Tap chi Gido due so 317 27
Trang 3giam tdi thieu sy can thiep cung nhu cac menh lenh
cuaGVtdiHD ciia tre
4) KN thiet kecac gdc choi va bai tri do diJng
do Choi trong cac gdc Mdt trong nhung KN khdng
the thieu ddi vdi GVMN la KN thiet keva bai tri mdi
trudng GD decho Ire HO, De thidt keva bai tri dupc
dupc cac nguyen tac khi thiel ke nhu sau: 1)Tat ca
mpi dd dung, dd choi, dung cu hoat lap ciing nhu cac
trang thiet bj trong trudng trong Idp phai sach dep ve
sinh va an loan vdi tre khi HO, du vesdiupng va dam
bao vd chat lupng; 2) Phai tao dupc mdi trudng GD
phu hop vdi dac diem phatlrien tam sinh li, kha nang
nhan thuc eua Ire dtung dp tuoi Nghia la khi bai Iri,
lao mdi trudng GD cho tre trong Idp cung nhulrong
trudng mam non phaiquan tam den nhung dac trung
phatlrien tam sinh li,nhan thuc, hung Ihu cung nhu
dac diem rieng cua tung dUa Ire, Ban ghe, ke, tu, gia
dyng giay dep phai dupc sap xep va bai tri dung vdi
chieu cao trung binh cua tre, dij khdng ed sugiup dd
cija GV tre van cd the su dung dupc mot each de
Iri duoc khong gian rdng rai, thoang mat, da dang
day du va dep mat, thu hiit dupc hung thii ciing nhu
tao dupc an tupng va su chii y d tre Phai bd tri don
gian nhung dep m^l va hap din de Ire cd the de dang
lydo vuichoi, tim kiem, kham pha, tranh cau ki, rudm
ra phuc tap lam cho tre cam thay khdng thoai mai khi
trudng GD cho Ire HO vua phai mang tinh sang tao
vua phai dam bao cho sue khde va sy an loan cao
nhat Ddng thdi phai tao duoc mpt mdi trudng hpc tap
vui chai sinh dpng, linh hoat vcfl da dang cac loai dd
dung, do choi va trang thidt bj
Khi thiet keva bai tri khdng gian cac gdc HD trong
Idp cho tre HD can phai dua vao nguyen lac cau thanh
cua 4 yeu tdnhu tren de xay dung ra cac gdc HD cho
Ire:- Gdc HD tinh (gdc /J.-Dpc sach, xem sach, xem
tranh anh, nghe bang, trd chuyen trao ddi, viet chu,
choi cac trd chai hpc tap ;- Gdc lap ghep xay dung
f'fi'dcc'/'trdchoilap ghep xay dung, trdchoi thompc,,.;
- Gdc HB dong (gdc 3): Tro choi ddng vai, hat, mua,
bieudien van nghe,,,;-Gdc WO caned nt/dc (•gdc 4 /
HD tao hinh, ve tranh bang mau nude, cac thi nghiem
khoa hpc can c6 nude, trd choi vdi nude, trd chai vdi
eat, gde thien nhien,,,
5) KN giao tiep, trd chuyen, trao doi chia se
kinh nghiem vdi tre thong qua cac HD SV trong
qua trinh thyc tap phai hpc dupc each lang nghe
281 Tap chi Gido due so 317
thii, vd'n kinh nghiem, su hieu biet cua Ire de to' eht}c cac HO Tre phai ludn ludn dupc dat vao vj tri trung tam cua cac HDGD, SV phai hpc lap va thuc hanh each thuc giao tiep va trd chuyen vdi Ire mpi noi mpi lue, hpc each chia se kinh nghiem vagiai dap mpi thSc mac trong mpi linh hudng Qua dd,
tung ca nhan, nhucau, nguyen vpng,hungIhiJsd Ihich ciJa chung de thiet ke va tochiJc cac HO phu hpp, phal huy cao dp tinh tich cue, ehij ddng, sang tao eua tre t<hi dupe tham gia vao cac HO nia chung mong mudn vayeu Ihich,
6) KN lam do diing, do choi, dijng cu hpc tap
Viec thudng xuyen sudung cac dd dung dd chai CO san, lap di lap iai trong nhieu ngay, nhieu gid se (am cho Ire nham chan Vi vay yeu cau dat ra ddi vdi GV
la phai tao ra duac nhieu dd dung, dd chai mdi la, hap dan ma khdng can qua cau ki (ehi can dau tuve thdigian va cdng sue, GVcd the tao ra rat nhieu do dung dd choi phong phii da dang tu rat nhieu cac
tap tai cac trudng M N, SV phai biet van dung nhimg kien thuc da hoc ve li thuyet, tan dung thdi gian nay
de thuc hanh KNlh let kedd dung, dd chai detoeht/c caeHD cho tre
3 Tren day la mdt sd KN nghe nghiep cp ban,can
cd d mpt GVMN Cac KN nay khong phai dpi den khi trdthanhGV dung Idp true tiep day Ire mdicddupcma cdn phai dupc trau ddi va ren luyen ngay trong qua trinh hoc nghe ddi vdi cac SV •
Tiii lieu tham khiio
1 Nguyen Thi H6a "'Phai huy linh lich ci,rc cua sinh vien gido dvc milm non irong gio (hue hiinh bO mOn
"giuo dye m6m non"", (rich k! y^u hOi ihao: "Md Idnh nhdn cdvh gido vien ilu'ri k'l hdi nhdp quSc tC
TruimgDai hpc supham Hh Nfli,20l2
2 D6 Thj Minh LiCn, "Quy irinh ren luy^n ngliifip vu sir pham cho sinh viCn Ithoa Giao dye m^m nun Trudng
dai liOL- SIT pham Wx NOi", irich kil yC'u h6i ihao: "Wd Innh nlidn each gido vien ili^i kt hdi nhdp qud'c tt
Trirnng Dai lioc sir pham Ha NOi 2012
SUMMARY
Pedagogical practice is an Indispensable activity content in teacher training in pedagogy, especiallyin the Faculty of preschool education However In reaJ-ity the majority of students still lack many basic behavior Is a critical requirement for Science stu-.;,-^ dents of preschool education ''-%