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Miir so KINANG CAN REN lUVfN CHO SINH VIEN KHOA GIAO DOC M A M NON TRONG QOA TRlNH THOG TAP SIT PHAM TAI CAC ca sa MAM NON TS, NGUYEN THj BICH T H U r f 1 7"/?uc/ap st/p/iam (TTSP) la mpt ndi dung hpc[.]
Miir so KINANG CAN REN lUVfN CHO SINH VIEN KHOA GIAO DOC M A M NON TRONG QOA TRlNH THOG TAP SIT PHAM TAI CAC ca sa MAM NON TS, NGUYEN THj BICH T H U r f 1.7"/?uc/ap st/p/iam (TTSP) la mpt ndi dung hpc tap khong the thieu qua trinh dao tao d cac trudng su pham, dac biet la ddi vdi sinh vien [SV) Khoa Giao due mam non (GDIvlN),£)ay la khoang thdi gian quan trpng va can thiet de SV dupc tidp can thyc tien cdng viec, van dung nhung kien thuc li thuydt vao thyc teddi sdng, hoc dupc nhung ki nang (KN) cham sdc -giao due (CS-GO) Ire, qua dd, cac em se hinh dung dupc nhi/ng cong viec va pham chat can edcija mpt GVMN tuong lai Ddi vdi Khoa GDM N (thupc cac trudng cao dang supham), SV bat dau di thyc tap lu nam thu Irddi.Tuy nhien, thyc te, cac em van chua Ihuc sydupc ren luyen cac KN can thiet nhu: thiet ke cac gdc Idp theo y tudng cija minh cho phu hpp vdi nhu cau, thu ctJa tre cung nhu ndi dung cua hoat dpng (HO), chua biet each lam dd dung, chai, dung^cu hpc tap cho tre ti) cac nguyen lieu da dang ma van chu yeu sudung cac dd dung ad chai cd san Khdng nhung the, tochuc cac hoat dpng giao due (HOGD) cho tre, SV thudng tien hanh cac budc theo dung nhunpl dung kehoach da xay dyng ma it quan tam den kha nang cung nhu nhu cau, thij eiJa tre, chua hieu tre mong mudn hpc gi, tim kiem give ndi dung dd'i tupng dd Bay la nhung han che Idn nhat cua SV lien hanh tochuc cac HDGD cho tre d trudng mam non, Mpt so KN CO ban can hinh cho SV qua trinh TTSP nhu sau: 1) Quan sat: La KN chu dao va nhat thiet phai cd dd'i vdi G VMN qua trinh CS-G Dire, Khi to chuc bat ki HO nao ddcho Ire, giao vien (GV) phai ludn CO so chi chep, but, tham chi neu cd dieu kien cd the trang bi may anh, may quay phim de ghi lai loan bd qua trinh tien bd va phat trien cQa Ire Irong vui Choi, hpc tap, Nhung thdng tin thu dupe giup GVcd the nim bit va danh gia tdng qual dac diem phal trien nhan thuc cua Ire Idp minh ptiy trach, qua dd, GV xay dung ke hoach Roat ddng giao due eijng nhu cd the cung cap cho phu huynh l(hican thiet 2) Thiet keva xay dung fd'hoach HD: Day cung la KN ralquan trpng va can thiet dd'i vdi moi SV, Ho phai biet each xay dung ban ke'hoach HD cu the thang, tuan, dac biet la nhung npidung dien mpt eiia Ire, Cac HO phai dua tren hdng thu, nhu cau, nguyen vpng cung nhu muc ddva kha nang phat Irien nhan thdc cija Ire, sd lupng Ire, cac loai dd dung, dd chai va trang thiet bi tfong tap, thai gtan to chuc cac HD Ngoai ra, GV phai trao ddi vdi phu huynh de thdng nhat cac ndi dung hpc tap va vui choi cho Ire, chuan bi dd diJng, dung cu va choi cho Ire HD , Ke hoacti HO mpt phai dam bao dupe mdi lien he mat thidt vdi kehoach HO cua tuan, thang va nam hpc De xay dyng dupc k i hoach HD mot phi) hop va kha thi, SV can nSm chSc mot so nguyen tac CO ban sau: • Ke hoach HB ciia tung phailien quan mat thiet vdi lao cho Ire cam giac thoai mai, vui tuoi liep thu tri thdc va kinh nghiem, Oac biet tre phai nhan biet dupc ket th tie mpt HO thi HD tiep theo sau dd phai la HO nao - Then gian bieu ke hoach HD phai phan anh dugc nhung nhu cau sinh ii co ban cua tre nhugidan, gid dive sinh, gid vui choi, gid hpc tap, gid ngij., Tre em rat de rai vao linh trang qua say me va HD mpt each tich cue thai qua vdi cac trd choi cung nhu cac HD ma ehtlng phan, thich thii (vi chua, CO kha nang dieu chinh cac nhu cau sinh li thiet yeu cua ban than) nen Ire cd the qua phan hoac qua uc che (vi du, Ire qua met moi hoac ddi khai chung se rat de ndi ndng, cau gat, khdng lam chu dupe ban than cung nhu cac hanh vi cua minhUVi ' Khoa Giao dgc mam non, Tnrifng CDSP TW Nha Trang 26 [_J^P chi Giao due so 317 -(kil-9/201^ the, ke hoach HD phai dupe xay dyng m pt each -Biet bai tri mdi trudng GD dep ve mat hinh thdc, chu djnh, phu hpp vdi dge diem phat Irien lam sinh li phong phij ve mat ndi dung Bai tri cac gdc chai hpp li vdi he Ihdng dd dung dd chai va hpc lieu sinh cua Ire M N d liing dp tuoi, - Kehoach HB Irong phii dam bao tinh can dpng, hap dan va Idi cudn lam cho ire tham gia vao bing theo thi/ tu va ndidung giiJa cac HB: HO tinh/ HO mpt each tich cue va htJ'ng thtj; - Sau da HD dpng; HD Idp/HO ngoai trdi; HO ca nhan/ quyet djnh dia diem to chdc HO phai hinh dung HD theo nhdm Idn, nhdm nhd; HO GV lua chpn/HD Irudcve hoan canh mditrudng td'ngtheeuaealdp tre dupc tu lua chpn Khi quyet djnh thu ty cac hpc; - Phai quyet dinh hinh thai ddng cohpc tapHD,GV phai bd tri dan xen caeHD vdi Vidu, Caimacd the tri dupe lau nhat thtJcua sau gid HD ehurg phai la gid HO ngoai trdi hoac cac Ire Idi cac HO vui choi va hpc tap HO van dpng than the - KN to chdc cac HB theo nhu cau thu cua - Ke hoach HB phai co cac HD tac dong /re.TS Shin Eun Soo (2001) qua rat nhieu cdng trinh Usang ho tich cue giua tre vdi tre, giua ca nhan tre vdi nghien cuu cua minh daehi mplsoKN can thiet G V, giua nhdm tre vai G V Dae biet, phai lao cho tre maGVMN phai nam vung deldchUc cac gidHO theo CO hoi dupe hop tac, giao luu vatraoddi mpt each tich nhu cau va hiJng thu eua tre nhusau: • GV phaiquan cue vdi GV, nhung ngudi Idn xung quanh, sat thai dp cung nhu mpi hanh ddng cua tre tham - Kehoach HB phai dugc tien hanh mol eachgia trd chai, Vdi nhung Ire em khong Ihu, khong linh hoat, \(iy\heo sy thay ddi cua thdi tiet, ht/ng thu tap trung vao HO choi, gay on ao, ma't trat ty, gay go cua tre de dieu chinh thdi gian cho HD dd nen keo dai hoac tranh cudp dd choi cija cac ban, G V phai kip thcri hay ml ngan di Tuy nhien, dtj HO nao ddcd hap nhac nhdihat nghiem khac Odngthdiphai trd chuyen dan, hutig tiiu den dau cung khdng nen keo dai qua trao ddi vdi Ire de tim hieu nguyen nhan khien tre lau vi nd se anh hudng true tiep den sue khde eiJng khdng thu, khong m udn tham gia, qua dd, ddng nhu se lam giam thiJ eua tre Idi cac HO tiep theo vien khich le tre, tao cac tinh hudng gay dupe su sau dd chu y va thiJ eua tre de treed the tham gia vao 3} KN to' chuc cac HD dien HO chai tich cue, ehij ddng va sang tao; - Khi Ire cd cho tre: thu chol cac trd chai mdt minh, GV phai biet 'KN to cht/c cac HD CO chu dich:-Kh\(\enharih each chai vdi Ire nhu mdt ngudi ban (bang each ngdi cac HO nay, GV khdng nen phan chia rieng re canh Ire, cung su dung cac dd choi, trd chuyen va Wng npi dung HO ma tatca cac HD phaidupc lien thao luan cung tre) qua gian tiep hudng dan cho ket va tien hanh mptcach tich hop nham giiJp tre tre each hda nhap vdi cac ban; - Biet each bai tri va phat trien loan dien Vidu, thay vi viec phan chia sap xep dung, dd chai diJng vdi ndi dung HO va tien hanh rieng biettung npidung mithuat,am choi, thudng xuyen thay ddi, md rong va tich hpp npi nhgc, tao hinh, loan hoc , GV nen lien kel tat ca diing cac gde choi vdi nham tao mpt san cac npi dung vdi va xay dyng ke hoach choi tdng the, - odi vdi nhung trd choi ddng vai, ddng HO cho Ire nham giup tre phat trien va trudng kjch (ddi hdi cd su tac dpng tuang ho mot each tich mptcach loan dien, Mudn lam dupc dieu do, SV cue giua tre vdi nhau), GV phaiquan sal mpt each phai nim chac dupc nhung yeu cau ca ban nhu chat che va bao quat mpi hanh ddng chai cua Ire, sau: - Lua chpn dupe cac phuong phap, bien phap khich le, ddng vien Ire kip thdi khien trelutin vao ban hinh thuc va phuang tien giang day phu hpp de than vasay me vui chai hpc tap hon, Ben canh dd, tiien khai cd hieu qua cac npi dung GD; - Cac phai khen ngpi nhiJng ket qua choi ma Ire dat dupc, phuong phap, bien phap, hinh Ihuc va phuang lien tao dieu kien Ihuan ipi nhat de Ire dupc tham gia tich giang day phai dupe su dung mdt cac linh hoat va eye vao cac HD hpc tap tin kiem, kham pha thdng mang lai hieu qua, phai biet each khai thac triet de qua vui choi; - Vao thdi gian choi ty do, cho tre dupc tinh nang va hieu qua ciia ehiJng; • Phai xem xet tudo lua chpn cac trdchoi ma chiJng Ihich Khi mudn vacan nhac den viec hinh nhdm tre, Nghia hudng Ire sang cac HD choi khac, GV phai khai gpi la, to'chuc HO cho Ire se lua chpn nhdm tre nhu thiJ cung nhu cosy chuyen hudng sang cac the nao: dudi hinh thuc ca Idp, theo cac nhdm nhd trd choi khac mdt each hpp li; - De khich le va phat haytu'ngca nhan ; -Quan lam dac biet den viec huy dupc tinh luchu, lich cue, chu ddng vasang tao chuan bj dd dung, dd chai, hpc lieu va giao cu,,,, eua tre tham gia vao cac HO vui chai phai (ki 1-912013)- Tap chi Gido due so 317 27 tao san pham nhucacHD tao hinh, thao tac phai giam tdi thieu sy can thiep cung nhu cac menh lenh cuaGVtdiHD ciia tre 4) KN thiet kecac gdc choi va bai tri diJng Choi cac gdc Mdt nhung KN khdng the thieu ddi vdi GVMN la KN thiet keva bai tri mdi trudng GD decho Ire HO, De thidt keva bai tri dupc mpt mdi trudng GD phii hpp cho Ire HO, SV phai nim dupc cac nguyen tac thiel ke nhu sau: 1)Tat ca mpi dd dung, dd choi, dung cu hoat lap ciing nhu cac trang thiet bj trudng Idp phai sach dep ve sinh va an loan vdi tre HO, du vesdiupng va dam bao vd chat lupng; 2) Phai tao dupc mdi trudng GD phu hop vdi dac diem phatlrien tam sinh li, kha nang nhan thuc eua Ire dtung dp tuoi Nghia la bai Iri, lao mdi trudng GD cho tre Idp cung nhulrong trudng mam non phaiquan tam den nhung dac trung phatlrien tam sinh li,nhan thuc, Ihu cung nhu dac diem rieng cua tung dUa Ire, Ban ghe, ke, tu, gia dyng giay dep phai dupc sap xep va bai tri dung vdi chieu cao trung binh cua tre, dij khdng ed sugiup dd cija GV tre van cd the su dung dupc mot each de dang, thoai maivalhuan tien; 3) Phai chuan biva bo Iri duoc khong gian rdng rai, thoang mat, da dang day du va dep mat, thu hiit dupc thii ciing nhu tao dupc an tupng va su chii y d tre Phai bd tri don gian nhung dep m^l va hap din de Ire cd the de dang lydo vuichoi, tim kiem, kham pha, tranh cau ki, rudm phuc tap lam cho tre cam thay khdng thoai mai tham gia cac HO; 4) Viec thlel ke, to chuc va tao mdi trudng GD cho Ire HO vua phai mang tinh sang tao vua phai dam bao cho sue khde va sy an loan cao nhat Ddng thdi phai tao duoc mpt mdi trudng hpc tap vui chai sinh dpng, linh hoat vcfl da dang cac loai dd dung, choi va trang thidt bj Khi thiet keva bai tri khdng gian cac gdc HD Idp cho tre HD can phai dua vao nguyen lac cau cua yeu tdnhu tren de xay dung cac gdc HD cho Ire:- Gdc HD tinh (gdc /J.-Dpc sach, xem sach, xem tranh anh, nghe bang, trd chuyen trao ddi, viet chu, choi cac trd chai hpc tap ;- Gdc lap ghep xay dung f'fi'dcc'/'trdchoilap ghep xay dung, trdchoi thompc,,.; - Gdc HB dong (gdc 3): Tro choi ddng vai, hat, mua, bieudien van nghe,,,;-Gdc WO caned nt/dc (•gdc / HD tao hinh, ve tranh bang mau nude, cac thi nghiem khoa hpc can c6 nude, trd choi vdi nude, trd chai vdi eat, gde thien nhien,,, 5) KN giao tiep, trd chuyen, trao doi chia se kinh nghiem vdi tre thong qua cac HD SV qua trinh thyc tap phai hpc dupc each lang nghe nhung thdng lin tu phia tre, dua theo nhu cau, hdng thii, vd'n kinh nghiem, su hieu biet cua Ire de to' eht}c cac HO Tre phai ludn ludn dupc dat vao vj tri trung tam cua cac HDGD, SV phai hpc lap va thuc hanh each thuc giao tiep va trd chuyen vdi Ire mpi noi mpi lue, hpc each chia se kinh nghiem vagiai dap mpi thSc mac mpi linh hudng Qua dd, cac em se nSm b^t duac dac diem phat then cija tung ca nhan, nhucau, nguyen vpng,hungIhiJsd Ihich ciJa chung de thiet ke va tochiJc cac HO phu hpp, phal huy cao dp tinh tich cue, ehij ddng, sang tao eua tre t