NGHieNCAUty TANG CI/dNG GIAO DUG NGHE CHO HOC SINH PHO THONG I Oa t v^nde Mue t i l u tdng qu i t ph i t t r i ln nhin lue Viet Nam thdi kl 2011 2020 l i dua nh in lue Viet Nam trd th inh n in t i n g[.]
NGHieNCAUty TANG CI/dNG GIAO DUG NGHE CHO HOC SINH PHO THONG TS PHAM VAN SON B6 Giio dgc v i Ddo tao I.Oatv^nde Mue t i l u tdng q u i t p h i t t r i l n nhin lue Viet Nam thdi kl 2011 -2020 l i dua n h i n lue Viet Nam trd t h i n h n i n t i n g v i loi t h l quan trpng n h i t d l p h i t triln b i n vQng d i t nude, hdi n h i p qudc t l v i dn dinh xa hdi, ning trinh dp nang luc canh tranh cfla nhin lue nude ta Ien mQc tUOng duong vdi cic nudc lien l i l n khu vue, dd cd mpt sd mat t i l p c i n trlnh dp cic nudc p h i t t r i l n t r l n t h l gidi D i y cung chfnh l i mpt nhiem vu chiln lupc da dupc khing dinh V i n kiln Dai hdi XI cfla D i n g ta Qi khic phue su m i t c i n ddi co c i u trinh dd, nginh nghe eua ddi ngu n h i n lue nudc ta c i n phil tang cudng g i n ket he thdng g i i o due phd thdng vdi h i thdng dgy nghe, dai hpe v i cao ding, Cie trudng d i o tgo nghe phdi hpp chat che vdi cic trudng phd thdng hoai ddng g i i o dye hudng nghiep day nghi Cd td chflc tot hudng nghiep - day nghe d phd thdng mdi cd the p h i n ludng hpe sinh sau trung hpc 6i tgo ngudn d i o tao cie nganh n g h i theo djnh hudng cfla n h i nudc v i dap flng dupc nhu ciu nhin luc cfla xa hdi thdi ki CNH, HDH va hpi n h i p qudc t l G i i o due nghe phd thong (NPT) Su p h i t t r i l n cfla nen kinh t l - xa hdi thdi kl CNH, HDH va hdi n h i p qudc t l da dat cho nen giao due nude ta nhiem vu nang cao chat lupng giao due t o i n dien, gdp phan tfeh cue v i o viec d i o tao can bp KHKT, q u i n tf v i nghiep vu; ki t h u i t vien, cdng nhan ki t h u i t cho cie n g i n h sin xuat, kinh doanh v i djch vu.Ddng thdi ehuan bj cd hieu q u i viee phan cdng, sfl dung hpp If hpe sinh phd thdng tdt nghiep cae cap trudng Day hpc NPT l i mdt hinh thfle (con dudng) chQ yeu cfla giao due hudng nghiep cho hpe sinh phd thdng hien 2.1 Khdi niem vi NPT NPT l i n g h i thdng dyng, phd biln, cd mfle dd ki t h u i t tuong ddi don g i i n , td chdc day v i hpe n g h i khdng phQc tap v l trang t h i l t bi cung nhu quy trinh triln khai If t h u y l t v i thuc h i n h it phfle tgp, cdng cu don giin, nguyen v i t l i l u v i phdi d l kiem, d l tgo, r l t i l n , thdi gian hpe n g h i n g i n (70 t i l t ddi vdi HS THCS v i 105 t i l t ddi vdi HS THPT), chi phf dao tao it bdr cinh hdi n h i p qudc t l v i xu hudng p h i t trien nen kinh t l trf thfle hien l i rat c i n thiet NPT edn dupe hieu l i nhflng n g h i cd ki thuit cdng nghe cao, trang t h i l l bl kl t h u i t hien dgi, nhien chi yeu c i u day nhQng kiln thQc, ki ning d mQe dd phd thdng, tdc l i d mfle day n g h i ban d i u (ching han nhu n g h i "lip trinh vien so eip", n g h i "dilu khiln tu ddng so cip" 2.,2./Wuctieuciiag/doducWPrkhdng phii l i day n g h i thuin nhutrong trudng n g h i m i l i giio due n g h i ban d i u (tien d i o tao nghi) g i n vdi muc lieu (mue lieu kip): ren luyen ki nang n g h i nghiep ban d i u v i "thQ" nang lue lao ddng n g h i nghigp de b i l t mdc dp phu hop nghe, bude d i u chuan bl cho hoe sinh dl vio nghe nghiep tuong lai Chfnh day l i khiu ket hpp giio due NPT vdi giio dye hudng nghiep, Di thuc hien duoc cie muc tieu tren nha trudng phii k i t hpp ba mat giao due: thdng - ki thuit tdng hpp-nghe nghiep,Tflnam 1991, n h i trudng phd thdng Viet Nam da tien h i n h day NPT cho hpe sinh cudi cip THCS (ldp va Idp 9) v i hpc sinhTHPT(ldp 10, Idp 11, Idp 12) Viec dUa hoat ddng giio dye n g h i vao irudng phd thdng khdng chf l i dua vao trudng hoe mpt he thong t i c dpng mdi ma cdn la mpt npi dung mdi ve dao tao va sQdung t h l he tre vdi tu each la mpt tiem luc lao ddng quan trpng cua dat nUde, Nhung, thdi kl va eho den nay, khd khan, thilu thdn ve kinh phf, cd sd vat chat, t h i l t bj day hpc, cic trudng THCS, THPT d nude la khdng eo k h i ning t u t h i n day n g h i cho hpc sinh m i bude phai phdi hpp va giao nhiem vy day NPT cho cic trung lam KTTH - HN tren cung dja b i n thue hien NhU vay, trung tam KTTH-HN la don vl n i m glfla khdi eie trudng phd thdng v i cung mpt lue phyc vy eac trudng THCS, THPT tren cung dja ban ihue hien hoat ddng giio due kT t h u i t long hpp va giao due hudng nghiep cho hpc sinh, NhQng nam hpeganday, BpGDviDTdacd hudng dan nhQng trudng THPT cd du d l l u kien v l d p i ngu g i i o vien, co sd v i t c h i t t h i l t bj day nghi cung dupc tham gla day NPT eho hpe sinh 2.3 Nhiim vu cua gido due NPT Nhiem vu cfla giio dye NPT l i bdi dUdng dpi ngu nhflng ngUdi lao dpng tuong lai cQa dja phuong, dat nude 64 hp vfla ed nang lue nhan thQc vfla cd ning lue cii tao, xay dung que huong Npi dung dgy nghe thdng phii k i t hpp vdi ehuong trinh dgy cae mdn hpe, die b i l t l i mdn ki t h u i t v i mfle dp p h i i phfl hpp vdi trinh dd h i l u bilt, die diem t i m li IQa tudi, gidi tfnh cfla hpe sinh Viec day nghe cho hpc sinh phd thdng nham: SJi81-THANG6/2D12*35 y j NGHIENCUIU - Cung d p cho hpc sinh nhQng tri thfle v l nghi rdng, tao d i l u kien d l cie em v i n dpng tri thfle hoat ddng lao ddng n g h i nghiep, qua dd cflng cd, m d rdng v i khic siu tri thfle, hinh t h i n h thdi quen k i t hpp lao ddng tri dc vdi lao ddng c h i n tay, thdl quen lao ddng vdi tuduy; - Hinh t h i n h ki n i n g v i thdi quen thpc hi^n mpt sd nhiem vu sin x u i t cy t h l (mdt sd cdng doan q u i trlnh lao ddng n g h i nghiep) thudc nhflng n g h i CO b i n , phd biln sin xuit v i sinh hogt DP l i nhflng eo sd ban d i u d l hinh t h i n h ki n i n g lao ddng cfla mdt n g h i , ki n i n g thue hien mdt sd nhiem vu sin xuit don giin, cu t h l cd l i l n quan d i n cic nginh, n g h i dang p h i t t r i l n d dia phuong, p h i t t r i l n tfnh dde lip, sing lao, nhay bdn lao ddng v i tao dilu kien thuin Ipi cho hoe sinh tiep tuc hoc tai cie trudng chuyen nghiep; - Djnh hudng chu y cda hoc sinh v i o hpc nhflng nginh, n g h i m i N h i nudc v i d|a phuong dang c i n p h i t triln, gdp p h i n giio due hpe sinh iua chpn n g h i mdt cieh cdy thfle; - Giio due lao ddng cho hoc sinh, t r l n co sd dd bdi dudng y thfle, t h i i dd v i n i l m tin ddi vdi lao ddng; dao dQc n g h i nghiep v i ph^m c h i t cfla ngudi lao ddng, Ddng thdi chdng nhflng b i l u h l l n lieu cue lao ddng, sU ddi t r i v i t h i l u luong t i m n g h i nghiep 2.4 Cdu true ndi dung gido due NPT Ciu trfle ndi dung cfla mdn hpc NPT gid mdt vai trd CO sd, nd tao d i l u kien ban d i u cho viec h o i n t h i l n ndi dung cie loai nginh n g h i khic sau niy Net die trung cfla ndi dung NPT l i dua v i o tri thfle phd thdng eua hpc sinh d l md rdng v i t i n g h i l u b i l t s i u sic v l nhflng tri thfle dd D i l u n i y h o i n t o i n phu hpp vdi eic t h i n h phan cau trfle cfla hoc v i n phd thdng Hpc v i n phd thdng v i hpc v i n kl t h u i t tdng hpp l i co sd 6i bdi dudng hpc v i n n g h i nghiip - nhflng k i l n thQc, ki nang, ki x i o v l mdt ITnh vflc n g h i nghiep v i chuyen nginh cy t h l , Ndi dung giio due NPT bao gdm: - Cic tri thfle, kT n i n g co sd: Cie tri thfle v l ve kT thuit, ludng, dyng cu, nguyin v i t lilu tgo co sd ki thuit CO b i n c i n t h i l t cQa q u i trinh dgy hpc NPT, v i l i ciu ndl giQa mdn hpc v i n hda v i NPT; - Cic tri thQc v i ki n i n g n g h i nghi|p chung: Cie tri thQc chung v l kT thuit, cdng n g h i , q u i n If v i td chflc sin x u i t hgch t o i n kinh tl , Qua dd, g i i o due cho hpc sinh t h l gidi quan n g h i nghiep, sU h i l u b i l t v l cae log! nghi, xu t h l p h i t trien, d u b i o k h i n i n g xuat hien, thjnh, v i b i l n m i t cfla cic n g h i h i i n tai v i tuong lai; - Cie tri thfle v i ki nang n g h i nghiip chuySn 36*KKOAH9CGIADDVC mdn gdm eic tri thfle v l ddi tupng, cdng cy lao ddng, cdng n g h i die trUng cho iQng lao ddng n g h i nghiip cy t h l , nhflng thao tic, kT n i n g c i n t h i l l d l thuc hi§n eic cdng vi§c cua mpt dang lao ddng n g h i nghiep n h i t djnh v i eic tri thQc l i l n n g i n h n g h i c i n thilt; - Phong eich n g h i nghiep l i mdt y i u td khdng t h l t h i l u npi dung day hpc NPT Phong cieh n g h i nghl$p khdng chl don t h u i n l i d i n g v l bin ngoii, D$c trung cQa n g h i nghiep l i sutfeh hpp eic y i u td n i n g Ipc, p h i m chit, tfnh cieh, t h l luc lao ddng, bpc ip bin n g o i i b i n g cieh giao tilp, UngxO', t h i i dd nhflng y i u td marketing n g h i nghiep, ding di^u, cfl chi, d$c trung cfla n g h i nghiep dd; - Cic tri thfle v l v l sinh an t o i n lao dpng, biov$ mdi trudng v i t h i m mi lao ddng n g h i nghi$p, bao gdm: eie tri thfle v l kf l u i t lao ddng, vi sinh lao ddng, an t o i n lao dpng, b i o v l mdi trudng v i thim mi lao dPng n g h i nghiip Phuong p h i p r i t co b i n d l x i y dung chuong trinh n g h i cho hpc sinh phd thdng l i k i t hpp chit che vdi chuang trinh ki t h u i t phd thdng Thue hlln theo phuong hUdng dd l i m cho vile GD NPT trd thinh mdt khiu ndl t i l p cfla q u i trinh g i i n g day li thuylt, thi/c h i n h ki t h u i t phd thdng T chufc g i i o due NPT d trung t i m k i thuit tdng htfp-hudng n g h i i p Giio due NPT chu y i u i i day tri thfle, ki nang lao ddng ban d i u , g i i o due t h i i dd n g h i nghiip v i ffinh hudng n g h i eho HS Giio due NPT bao gdm qui trinh: Q u i trinh dgy NPT ndi rieng v i g i i o due ndi chung tren Idp, trUdng phd thdng hoic d trung t i m KTTH-HN Q u i trinh n i y d i l n theo chUOng trinh, ndi dung thdng n h i t t o i n qudc, hoic cu t h l hda ddi vdl tflng dia phucmg, vung m i l n dupc ca quan chuyin mdn ed t h i m q u y l n p h i d u y l t Q u i trinh g i i o due n g o i i n h i trudng phd thdng hoic ngoii trung t i m KTTH-HN thdng qua vi^ctuhpc ngoii gid t r l n Idp, sinh hogt hudng nghiip, sinh hoat t i p t h l , tham quan doanh nghiep v i thue t i p sin xuit tgl doanh nghiip hoge thdng qua phuong t i l n thdng tin dgi chflng, eic td chflc x i hdi n h i m hinh thinh d HS hflng thfl hpc n g h i , n i n g Ipc n g h i v i giio due thii dd dflng d i n ddi vdi n g h i Q u i trinh dgy n g h i cho hpc sinh THPT d nhi trudng v i d trung t i m KTTH - HN mang tfnh chuyfti giao quy trlnh cdng nghe v i p h i i phQ hpp vdi eic n g u y i n t i e day hpc - g i i o due ndi chung v i cic n g u y i n t i c day n g h i ndi r i l n g Cie nguyen tic n i y chl phdi viec lua chpn ndi dung, phucmg phip g i i n g dgy v i cd i n h hudng tdi t o i n bd q u i trlnh dgy hpc NPT (Xem tiip trang 60) I GlAO DVC DAN T C tiing m? di, Tgp chf KHGD, chuyfin d l Giio due song TAIUEUTHAMKHAO 1, Hoing Cao Cuong, Chudn bf hdnh trang ngdn ngfl t r l n eo sd t i l n g m? d l , 2008 Unlcef - Bd Giio dye v i D i o tao, Gida dgcsong ngQcho tri vdo Idp I chuang trinh mdi, Tgp chf Ngdn ngfl, sd 6/2003, ngQ trin casd tiing me di H i Npi, 2008 Nguyin Quang Ninh, Mdrsdvd'n d i v l d a y ngdn SUMMARY bdn ndi vd viit d tiiu hqc theo hUdng giao tiip, 1998 The article has mentioned the development of oral Nguyin Thi K'm Oanh, Phdt triin ngdn ngQndi d tiiu hqc vung ddn tdc thiiu sd (Ludn vdn thgc si), 2004 language for ethnic minority students at primary level 4, Mdng Ky Slay, Dgy ndl tiing Viit d giai dogn According to the author, development of oral language ddu cua viic day tiing Viit cho HSDT, Npi san Nghien for ethnic minority students at primary level should cflu Giio dye d i n tpc, ehuyin d l Tilng Vi^t n h i satisfy requirements regarding knowledge, skills for trudng phd thdng c i p vung d i n tde, 1990 spoken Vietnamese and call for attention to linguistic Nguyin Thj Phuong Thio, Gidi phdp dgy tiing functions such as phonetics, vocabulary, grammar Viit trang ehoang trinh Gido due song ngQ trin ca sd iiiiMiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitMiiinniiiiMiiiiiiiiniiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiMiMintnnniiininnMnnitnininniiiniiinMiitMiirnnMiiiiiiiiitijiiiiiiiiiiiiijijiJiii TANG CirdNG GIAO DUG NGHE., (Tiip theo trang 36) Die trung eo b i n eua q u i trinh dgy hpc NPT d due n g h i nghiep theo hudng p h i n ludng sau trung irung t i m KTTH-HN l i song song vdi vile day If thuylt hpc m i N h i nude d i vach Qua hoc NPT, hpe sinh ein d i n h p h i n Idn thdi gian cho hpc sinh hpe thue ed d i l u ki^n t i l p e i n vdi mdt sd n g i n h n g h i chfl y i u hinh nghi, Hiln nay, chuong trinh quy dinh tl le If cfla dja phuong, d i t nudc, kfch thfch cie em tim hilu thuylt/ thue h i n h l i 1/2, tflc l i gid If thuylt c i n nghi, h i l u rd t i m quan trpng cfla n g h i , xu hUdng gid thuc hinh, Tfldd, yeu c i u giio vien dgy n g h i p h i l p h i t t r i l n n g h i Tren co sd dd HS t h i y dupc nhOmg chu y iruyin dat cho hpc sinh nhflng tri thfle ed tfnh ddi hdi cfla n g h i ddi vdi ngUdi lao ddng v l p h i m chit chit flng dung, Nguoe lai, day thuc h i n h NPT cung ed v i n i n g lue Tfl dd cic em cd y thdc chu ddng lua chpn t i c dung i n h hudng trd Igi ddi vdi hpc sinh vile n g h i v i djnh hfldng hpe t i p cho phfl hpp v(M thpc t l tiep ihu nhflng tri thfle eic gid If thuylt Khi day cfla thj trfldng lao dpng v i quy hoaeh p h i t t r i l n nhin nghi, giao vien can p h i i chfl y tdi thao t i c thuc h i n h Iflc glal dogn 2011-2020 eua hoc sinh, luu y tdi mdi lien he gifla tri thdc d i hoc v i thuc l l l n thdi d i l m day hpc nghi C i n chu TAILI£UTHAMKHAO y d i n mdi lien he gifla muc dfch, ndi dung, chuong D i n g Danh Anh, G/doduchudngngWIpd Wit trlnh, phuong p h i p q u i trinh day hpc NPT Nam NXB Van hda Thdng tin H i Npi, 2010 Trong q u i trinh g i i o due NPT ehu y khdng dupe Bp GD&DT Quy^r dinh ban hdnh chuang trinh d i l yeu ciu q u i cao hoic q u i t h i p ddi vdi hpc sinh gida due trung hqc (bao gdm ed chuang trinh gido due Dua tren kiln thfle ki t h u i t hpc sinh hpe dupe d trfldng nghi phd thdng) H i Ndi, 2006 phd thdng m i d i t yeu c i u eho thfch hpp D l l u Bd K l hogeh v i D i u tu, Quy hogch phdt triin dd se tgo dupc hflng thu hpc t i p eua hpc sinh vl eie em nhdn It/c Viit Nam giai dogn 2011-2020 H i Ndi, 2011 c i m thay vfla sfle, tutin d l thuc hien b i i thfle h i n h vdi Pham V i n Son, Nghiin cdu phdt triin danh vdn kiln thfle, kT nang da cd d trfldng phd thdng myc nghi phd thdng phue vu cha hogt ddng gido due Trong q u i trinh giio due NPT p h i l xem x l t ddng hudng nghiip tf^eo dinh hudng phdt triin nhdn luc Viit thdi viec day cfla t h i y nhU l i sU truyin thu tri thfle, ki Nam giai dogn 2011-2020: Di t i i KHCN c i p ca sd, m i ning n g h i nghiip v i hoat ddng tfch cUe, t u giic cfla sfl:C2011-3910,HiNdi,20n hpe sinh mdi quan hi qua lai gifla t h i y - ngfldi hudng dan, chl dgo, giup d d v i trd - ngfldi t i l p thu, t f l SUMMARY lue, tu giic l i m b k TVETeducatlon Is one of the four (4) modalities to Ket l u i n deliver career orientation education for school students Giio due NPT chfnh l i mdt nhflng eon To ensure the TVET education can meet the pre-defined dudng d l giio dye hudng nghiip cho hpc sinh phfl t^Jectlves,ltlslmportanttosa-engthengeneraloccupation thdng Hogt ddng giio due NPT se trang bi k i l n thfle, education and entail that each and everyTEVT managers ki nang ban d i u v l n g h i tgo d i l u k i l n v i t i m t h l cho and teachers understand concepts, objecbves, tasks and mdt bd p h i n HS true t i l p v i o hpc d c i e co sd g i i o contents of general o