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m c eONG CDA c ic ViO lO olio lO GOO OOCIHP JINO flliNG OiN 01(11 lOVfN SINH OH! HOC CiH SINH V i I R I O N G Oil HOG SUl GON O ThS o o OINH THAI ThS LE CHI LAN* 1 Trong sudt qud frinh hpc tdp (HT) cu[.]
mc eONG CDA cic ViO lO olio lO GOO OOCIHP JINO flliNG OiN 01(11 lOVfN SINH OH! HOC CiH SINH V i IRIONG Oil HOG SUl GON O Trong sudt qud frinh hpc tdp (HT) cuo mdt ed nhdn, sy ddu Kr vd nS iyc Kr chinh minh Id viee khdng t h i thilu Miie dp ciio nd dupe i h l hien d kit qud HT Tuy theo moi ed nhdn cdn nhdc, suy xgt ngn ddu Kr d khia cpnh ndo; mdi khia cpnh ddu tu nhilu hoy il, phii hpp vdl khd ndng, ndng iyc vd tdi ehinh Ddu Kr cho HT boo gdm chien thudt HT hieu qud (phdt frien kT ndng tu duy, llgn h$ vige hpc hifn tpi vdi nhirng myc Hgu Idu ddi, HT mdt cdch tich eye, xdc djnh edeh thiic hpc phu hpp nhd't, h'nh kign nhdn, sii dyng nhllu phuong phdp HT, ), rgn iuyfn kT ndng h/ hpc, k l hopch HT (Idp k l hogch HT, k l hogch HT giup qudn li thdi glon, hpc d ddu, thdi glon ndo, hpc mpt edeh chii ddng, ghi chgp edn th^n, ) V i ^ ddu tu eho cdc mdn hoc dy thi vdo dpi hpc (DH) id yg'u id quan frpng khdng nhung dnh hudng d i n ket qud HT ciio hpc sinh (HS) md edn dnh hudng d i n kit qud ihl vdo DH, y l u to ndy cdn t h i hi^n y ehi, sy quylt tdm cuo HS frong vigc dinh hudng dudng vdo dpi hpc ciio minh Trong nghign ciiu ndy, chiing tdi dilu tro 834 SV t)dng bdng hdi vd phdng vdn sau 12 SV ve mire dd ddu Kr eho ede mdn hpc dy thi OH edn hpc phd thdng dya frgn ylu to: - Tim tdi ilgu frgn Internet; - Theo ddi chuong trinh HT frgn fruyin hinh; - Hpc thgm; - Ddu Kr vdt chdt, thilt bj HT; - Ldp k l hogch HT cy thi; - Tim phuong dn HT phii hpp vdi hing mdn hpc; Tom tdt bdi theo cdch thire rigng d l de hpc, d l nhd; - Ty rgn luyen kT ndng bdng edeh idm bdi tdp vd tham khdo tdi lieu (dupe thye hien tren thong ilkert) vdl mue dd: 1) Rdt nhieu; 2) Nhllu; 3) VCro phdi; 4) Rdt it; 5) Khdng ddu tu ThS o o OINH THAI - ThS LE CHI LAN* lieu thdng kg h> philu froo dd'l y kiln v l miie d$ ddu Kr cho cdc mdn hpc dy thi DH edn hpc phd thdng t h i hien miie dp «Rd't nhieu", «Nhllu" vd «Vua phdi" lap frung d cdc ylu id: Hpc thim (86,10%); Ddu tu vdt chd't, thiit bj HT [76,70%); Lap ki hogch HT cy thi {76,10%); Tim phuang dn HT phu hgp vdl h>ng mdn hge (77,90%); Tdm tdt bdi theo cdch thuc rling di d§ hgc, di nhd (81,60%); Tl/ rin luyin kTndng bdng cdch Idm bdi tdp (89,40%) Cdc y l u to frgn cd Krong quan mgnh hon cdc yg'u to edn Igi Vi vgy, frong phdn ndy ehung tdi chpn phdn tich cdc y l u td ndi trgn Hinh Thdng ki mue dg ddu tu cho cdc mdn hgc di/ thi DH 1) Hgc thim: Khdi nigm «Hpe thgm" hdu nhu ehi xdy ro bgc hpc phd thdng Nhirng HS ed hpc lyc khdng coo, khd ndng Kr khdng tdt thudng phdi di hpc thgm d l trau ddi thgm kiln thiie, kT ndng thye hdnh, gidi bdi lap, giiip HS h/ Hn budc vdo cdc ki thi, gidm bdt dp lye, edm gide thua kgm bgn bg Kit qud khdo sdt cho i h ^ , ed 60,3% SV ddu Kr «/)pc thinf d mue dp Kr «rdt nhllu" vd «nhllu"; chi ed 6,0% «kh6ng ddu h/' cho vige hpc thgm Chung tdi phdn h'eh mdi Krong quan giira sy edn tipc frung hpc phd thdng (THPT) Kilm nghiem Chl-Squore biln «iipc thgm' ddu Kr, CO gdng eua ed nhdn vdl kel qud thi hryln sinh dpi hpc (TSOH) Trong dd, cdc y l u td ve sy vd «khd'l thr cd kit qud Chl-Square = 59.061, ddu Kr, ed gdng ciio ed nhdn id bien ddc ldp; long dilm TSOH id biln phy ihupc Kit qud sd' *TnNigBailfcS«6ta Tap ehi Glao due so (u a • 9/aeia) I ' 8dng / Mil tuang quan gli/a biin'hgc thim" vdl biin «khd'l thi" Khfiithi Tfing B C Dl 34 Silui^ng 32 83 89 238 Rit nhi4u Tin 33,5% 31,2% 17,0% 30,6% 28,5% S6lU9ng 35 51 81 98 , Nhiiu Til* 30,5% 32,1% 27,1% 36,2% 31.8% S6 li«;ng I? 25 61 56 215^ Vira phii Til* 27,4% 22,9% 32,4% 20,7% 25.8% Sfi \U(fng 18 10 15 23 66 R^til Til* 6,8% 9,2% 8,0% 8.5% 7,9% SAlKTng 5 29 11 JO Khdng dn thdn ngudi hpc cOng cam thd'y thodi mdi, khdng rol vdo tinh frpng «ehgy nude r i i f ddn d i n kit qud khdng nhu mong mudn Ddi vdi HS phd thdng, k l hogch HT thudng gdn liln vdi thdi khda bilu hon Id SV DH Ddu Kr vdo vige lap k l hogch HT eung nhdm myc dich dgt kit qud coo frong ede ki thi, dd ed TSOH Ttieo so ilgu thdng kg, ed 33,1 % ddu Kr d miic dp wrdt nhllu" vd «nhllu"; 43,0% ddu hr «vua phdi"; ehl ed 6,5% «kh6ng ddu K/' NgodI ra, nghign eiiu edn Hm ro dupe md'l Krong quan cuo idp k l hogch HT cy t h i vdl dilm TSOH qua DTB ede mdn hpc Idp 12 d ixing Bdng MAn hgc Gamma T Sig ToSn hgc 0.156 2.002 0.045 V*tli 0.231 2.884 0.004 Hda hgc 0.201 2.585 0.010 Sinh hgc 0.093 2.271 0.023 v a n hgc 0.117 2.846 0.004 4) Tim phuong dn HTphO hop vdl tOng mdn hgc: NgodI vigc ldp k l hogch HT cy thi, y l u td «7;m phuang dn HT phu hgp vdl timg mdn hgd" eung dupe SV nhin nhgn gdn nhu kit qud phdn h'eh ylu td dl iheo edeh thiie rigng de de hpc, d l u Krong quan ndy ehi ed 49 SV ddu Kr eho nhd vd DTB ede mdn hpc idp 12 cuo ede mdn yg'u id «rd't i f vd «khdng ddu Kr", Irong sd SV Todn hge, Vdt ll, Hda hge, Ljch su vd Dja ll thi chpn ddu Kr song song y l u to d miic dp «rdt hifn d bdng nhieu" vd «nhilu" Id 280 Ddy cOng Id edp ylu Bdng Tuang quan giua tdm tdt bdi theo td tdc ddng d i n kit qud TSOH cdch thuc rling di di hge, di nhd vdl DTB cdc mdn hge Idp 12 •*• Ddu tu cho HT id yeu td quan trpng Idc dpng d i n kit qud HT, thi, kilm tro Trong ylu td da Gamma T MAnliQC Sig ngu d trgn, y l u td hpc thgm vd ty rgn luy^n kT 2.421 0.015 _ 0.194 TgAnhgc 4.141 ,.0-O.QQ ndng bdng edeh Idm ha\ tdp vd tham khdo tdi V*tli 0.319 0.237 3.068 0.002 HAahgc lieu ed tdc ddng mpnh d i n dilm TSDH d cdc khdl 0.374 4.539 _ p.ooo_ Lich sur A, C vd D l Ylu td hpc thgm dupe SV khdl A vd 0.007 2.702 0.244 Ola If Dl ddu Kr nhllu hon SV khdl B vd C Tuong ty, mdn Hda hgc vd Sinh hgc ddi Kit qud khdo sdt edn eho thd'y, ede ylu id «ldp hdi phdi rgn luygn thye hdnh, kgm theo dd edn ki hogch HTa/ thi',« Tim phuang dn HTphu hgp ddu tu vdt cha't, thilt bj d l phye vy vigc HT vdl timg mdn hgd' vd « Tdm tdt bdi theo cdch rling Nghign ciiu cOng Hm mdi tuong quan gli/a dide hgc, de nhd"d khdl B vd C khdng dupe SV yg'u td ddu hr vdt chdt, thiet bi HT vdl DTB ede ddu tu nhllu Ngodi ra, ede ylu td edn Ipi tdc mdn hpc idp 12 eiia ede mdn Hda hgc (Gamma ddng hd frp eho viee ddu Kr HT cuo SV hpc = 0.480, t = 4.675, Sig = 0.000) vd Sinh hge THPT Hon nira, nghign ciiu edn Hm ro mdi Krong (Gamma = 0.352,1 = 2.832, Sig = 0.005) quan thugn giira y l u id ldp k l hogch HT cy the vd Tir kit qud ciio cdc Krong quan trgn ddy, ed yg'u to Hm phuong dn HT phii hpp vdl tirng mdn ihl thdy hoi ylu id: « Tdm tdt bdi theo cdch rling hpc, giira y l u id ldp k l hopch HT cy t h i vd tdm dide hge, di nhcf vd «Vdt chd't, thiit bj HT' ed Idt bdi theo cdch thiic rigng d l de hoc, d l nhd hd frp Idc ddng d i n dilm TSDH tdc ddng gidn Hip den dilm TSDH ciia SV Ngodi ra, ngodi ro, kit qud khdo sdt cung Id d) Tl/ rin luy$n kT ndng bdng edeh Idm bdi ldp vd tham khdo tdi Iliu Id mdt kgnh thdng Hn quon frpng cho ede nhd qudn li, nhirng yeu td quan trpng giup HS thdnh thgo GV, phy huynh, HS tham khdo d l djnh hudng cdc budc gidl bdi ldp, thao tdc thye hdnh nhdm dung ddn nhifrig gi edn ddu Kr cho HT nhdm dgt dgt dupe khd ndng nhgy ben cdc tinh duoc kit qua lot nhd't Dd'l vdi nhd qudn ii, GV: hudng HT, tham khdo tdi lieu hd trp rgn luyen thye hien phuong phdp gidng dgy tich eye, td Tap ehi Glao due so (ki a • »/aoia) ehiic phuong phdp HT, logl hinh HT phii hpp vdi Kmg khdl hpc, mdn hpc eho HS THPT Ddi vdi phy huynh, HS cdn ed miie dd ddu Kr phii hop v l vdt chd't, thilt bj HT, phuong phdp HT phii hop vdi khd ndng, ndng lye vd hieu qud nhd't • Ton Thin "Phit hif n vi b6i du(>ng tii ning tiim in m6i ngudi" T?p chi Khoa hpc Gido dvc H 2011, trang 9-11 Duong Thieu TO'ng Thtfng ke ihig dung nghien cihi khoa hpc giio due NXB Khoa hpc Xd h0i, H 2003 Rainey, D V - Murova, O Factors influencing Tki Hiu tham khio education achievement Economics, USA, 2004, page i Nguyin Phuang Nga - Nguyin Quy Thanh Giio 2397 - 2404 dye d^i hpc: mOt stf th&nh t6 cua chift lirqmg NXB Ram Chandra Pokharel Factors Influencing Dgi hpc qude gia Hd Ndi, 2001 Examination Results in Higher Education Tor Dio Thi Canh "MOt sO' bi$n ph4p rfen luy^n Icha Maximizing Validity and Improving Students' Pass n4ng t