XUAT NHAP K H A D U C D V H GIAD DUG DAI HOC VIET NAM THVC TRAIVG VA GIAI JPHAP ThS LE VAN VLTONG* 1 Dai hdi Dang Cdng san Viet Nam (OCSVN) lln ttiQ VI (12/1986) da quye''''t djnli nhieu vd''''n de he trpng[.]
XUAT - NHAP KHAD U C D VH GIAD DUG DAI HOC VIET NAM THVC TRAIVG VA GIAI JPHAP ThS LE V A N VLTONG* Dai hdi Dang Cdng san Viet Nam (OCSVN) lln ttiQ VI (12/1986) da quye't djnli nhieu vd'n de he trpng ciia dlt nudc, dd cd van de gido dye (GD), ddc bidt la giao due dai hgc (GDDH) vi dd'i vdi mdi ddn tdc, GD ludn la quoc saeh hang dau TQdd de'n nay, GDDH dd tQng bude phat trie'n rd ret ve quy md, da dang ve loai hinh tmdng, hinh thde dao tao (DT), ngudn luc xa hdi dupc huy ddng, dat dupc kd't qua tieh cue, tQng budc cung Qng ngudn luc lao ddng cd trinh dp cao phuc vu sy nghidp phat trie'n kinh te - xa hpi, din dap Qng qua trinh CNH, HDH dd't nudc, bao dam an ninh qud'e phdng va hdi nhdp kinh te qud'c te Tuy sd tmdng dai hpc, cao ddng (DH, CO) da tdng khoang hon lln so vdi ndm 1987 nhung ve chd't lupng, nhin chung, giao dye - ddo tao (GDDT) nudc ta vdn chua theo kjp vdi cde trudng DH khu vuc va tren the gidi Vi the, vide hpp tac v l GD-DT vdi nhieu loai hinh dlu da dupe trie'n khai manh m§ thdi gian qua theo phuong thirc Hidp djnh GATS/WTO (theo dieu 1, khoan Hidp djnh GATS/WTO): / ; Cung^ cap qua bien gioi (Cross border-Mode 1), dupc hie'u la: OT tu xa; OT tme tuydn nhupng quyen thuong hidu; DT qua hinh^ thiic tn/dng DH ao; 2) Tieu thu ngoai lanh thd' (Consumption abroad - Mode 2): Sinh vien (SV) nude ngoai du hpc (nhdp khau) hoac thu hut SV tdi nudc minh hpc (xud't klid'u); 3) Hien dien thuang ma/(Commercial presence • Mode 3): Thanh lap hien didn ttiuong mai d nudc ngoai de' cung cap djch vy (ehi nhanh, vdn phdng dai dien hpp ddng lien ketOT, thdnh lap tmdng lien doanh, ttidnh lap tn/dng 100% vd'n nude ngoai); 4) Hien dien cua the nhan (Presence of natural person - Mode 4): Giang vien (GV) chuyen gia nudc ngoai de'giang d^y (xud't khd'u) hode mdi GV, chuyen gia tdi nude minh giang day (nhdp khau) chien lupc cho vide xuat - nhdp khd'u GDDH tuong lai Thijc tran^ xuat • nhap khau djch vu GDOH 1) Nhip khau Hidn nay, tinh trang nhdp khd'u GDDH d nudc ta diln theo nhung phuong thQc sau: - Theo phuong thde 2: Tieu thu ngoai lanh tho Trong thdi gian qua, Viet Nam da nhap khd'u theo dien kha Idn Hang ndm, ca ngdn saeh nha nudc vd tu nhdn da chi khoang 100 trieu dd la Tinh tQ 2000-2009, Bd GD-DT da cH 7.039 luu hpc sinh (LHS) di hpc nude ngoai bang ngdn sach Nhd nudc va Hiep djnh (trong dd di hpc tie'n sT la 2.029, thac sT la 1.598, thyc tap sinh la 626 va OH la 2.786); binh quan nam ed tren 700 LHS di hpc nudc ngoai Nam hpc 2008-2009, cd tren 1.000 ngudi dupc cii' di hpc nudc ngoai, tren 700 ngudi hpctie'nsT, thac sT, thyc tap sinh bdng ngudn ngdn sach nha nude, khdng ke'eac nguon khae Ridng 10 thang dlu nam 2009, nudc ta da gui dupe 900 ngudi di hpe nudc ngoai, dd cd 585 ngudi (330 di hpetie'nsT, 184 di hpc thac sT vd 71 thye tap sinh) theo de an 322 TQ ndm 2000-2009, Bd GD-DT da cu 4866 can bd, G V cac co sd GDDH va eae eo quan nha nude theo hpe tai eae co sd GDOH hon 30 nudc tren the gidi (1) TVieo phuang thuc va 4: Cung cap qua bien gaiva hien dien cua the nhan Thdng tin tijf hiep hdi GD qudc te Australia, nam 2009, Viet Nam cd khoang 5.724 SV dp dyng theo hinh thiifc nhdp khd'u djch vy GDOH Theottidngtin tQBp GD-DT, hien ea nudc ed 17 tn/dng DH vdi 66 tmng tam d 63 tinh, ttidnh phdcd chuong trinh dao tao theo phuongttiQctijrxa va 15 nam (1994-2009) da cd 159,957 ngudi da t ^ nghiep, sd hpe vien dang theo hpc la 232.000 ngudi, hpc vien hpc td xa d khu vyc phia Bdc, Tdy Nguyen, viing sdu, vung xa, Dong bang sdng Cuu NhQng nha quan Ii GD cin cdn eu vao bdn phuong thQc tren lam co sd danh gia ve tinh hinh xua't - nhdp khau cua GDDH Viet Nam hien tai, ddt * Khoa Chinh sach giao due va so sanh, TnrPng Dai hpc Tdng hop HM igki cac dan tpc Nga - Uen bang Nga Tap chi Gido due so 302 (ki2-1/2013) • Long chiem khoang 30%, sd hpe vien dang ttieo hpc ehij yeu lam co quan, xi nghiep va co sd kinh doanh chiem 60-70%, hpc vien chu yeu theo ngdnh su pham, kinh doanh, tai ehinh, didnti/,tin hpc, ludt 77ieo phuang thiic Hien dien thuang mai Nhdp khau ttieo dien lien ket OT: thdi gian qua, nhieu tmdng OH Viet Nam da chu dpng hpp tac vdi nhieu tmdng OH tren ttie gkii, hien da ed 70 tmdng OH Viet Nam lien ketOT vdi gin 100 tmdng DH eua 25 nudc (Tmng Qudc, Hoa Ki, Anh, Due, Phdp, New Zealand, Australia, Hungary, Singapore, Sec, Nga, Nhdt, Phln Lan, Ha Lan, Thai Lan, Lio, Han Qudc, Bi, Canada, Malaysia, Philippines, Na Uy, Oan Mach, italia), vung lanhttid(Oai Loan, Hdng Kdng) vdi 205 chucmg trinh dupc lien k^ tiong nam 2012 Cdc ehuong trinh lidn ket chu ye'u thupc cae finh vyc cdng nghe thdng tin, viln thdng, hpp tae qudc te, kinh te, tdi ehinh, thuong mai, y td, GD, mTthuaL Oai dien thuong mai d nudc ngoai de' cung cap djeh vy, thdnh ldp co sdGDOH 100% vdn nudc ngodi va hpp tae Sau 2009, cam ket giua Viet Nam - WTO cd higu luc, Viet Nam hien dd cd DH RMIT: dau tu 44,1 tripu U S D ' ; D H Anh: 15,481 trigu USD; Tmdng CD qudc te Kent: trieu USD; CD qudc te Cetana PSB Intelilis: 2,8 trigu USD; Tmdng OH American Pacific University APU: 21 trigu USD; OH Vigt-Phap: khoang 190 tridu USD; Vipt - DQe: khoang 180 trieu USD; Vigt - Anh: 100 trieu USD; MT - Thai Binh Duong: 100 trieu USD; Viet - Nga va mdt sd eo sd GD dlu tu nhd le khae (1) 2) Xuift khau GDBH Vi$tNam:D6\ chieu ea phuong thQc da neu, hidn tai GDDH Viet Nam chua dat kd't qua dang ke'; phuong thQc {Tieu thij ngoii lanh tho) va phuong thQc (Hien dien cua the nhan) dat dupc mdt sd kd't qua dang ke', nhung so vdi cac nudc khu vyc va tren the gidi vdn cdn rd't khiem ton (xem bid'u dd) Theo sd ligu ttidng ke chua dly dii ve xud't khd'u phuong ttiuc 2, hien nay, Viet Nam cd gin 10.000 SV nudc ngoai dang hpc tai cac tmdng DH, CD, so vdi Australia la 203.324; Tmng quoc cd 260.000 LHS va Tmng Qudc dang phd'n ddu de'n ndm 2020 tang len 500.000 LHS ttii Viet Nam cdn rat xa Theo ket qua khao sat tai 35 eo sd GDOH Viet Nam (nam 2011) ve so lupng LHS nude ngoai de'n Vigt Nam hpc tap tu 2008-2012, cd td'ng so 2701 LHS dang theo hpc tai 35 co sd GDDH cila Viet Nam, binh qudn cd 77,2 LHS/1 eo sd (trong sd dd cd 1773 LHS/25 co SP khu vuc Ha Ndi, binh qudn 71 LHS/1 tmdng); 101 LHS/3 co sd khu vyc 10 Tap chi Gido due so 302 TP Hd Chi Minh, binh qudn cd 34 LHS/1 tmdng); 827 LHS/6 CO sd ttiudc cac dia phuong, binh qudn cd 138 LHS/tmdng); sd LHS den tai 19 nude gom: Lao: 1018; Campuchia: 440; Tmng Qudc: 713; Han Qud'c: 79; Thai Lan: 31; Mdng Co': 21; Phap: 13; Turicmenistan: 7; Mozambkiue: 5; Nga: 1; Canada: 1; Hoa Ki: 1; Trieu Tien: 2; Malaysia: 2; Australia: 1; An Op: 2; Thd' NhT Ki: 2; Ucraina: 2; Maroc: (trong sd khdng cd sd lieu cu the' ve 350 LHS thupc OH Ngoai giao) Dign hgc bd'ng LHS dang theo hpc gdm: hiep djnh giua hai chinh phu\a 1000 LHS, hgp tac song phuang (giQa eac tinh, phd eac co sd GD ) la: 495 LHS; ti/tue vi cac di$n hgc bd'ng khae la: 1106 LHS; Cac ehuyen nganh LHS qud'c te den VN hpc hien cd tren 50 ehuyen nganh khae (thude finh vuc chuyen nganh van hda, GD, y te,ttie'ttiaova du Ijeh; kinh te, ttiuong mai, tai chinh, ngdn hang va cac chuydn ngdnh ve rnhvuckTthudt )(2) Xud't khd'u theo phuong thQc 4: Hien dien cua the nhan Hign nay, chua cd sd ligu chinh xac ve so GV cua,Vigt Nam tham gia giang day tai cac co sdGDOH tren the gidi Tuy nhien, ndm 2009, mpt nhdm tdc gia da tien hanh khao sat tai 82 co sd GDOH/ca nudc va cd 45% sd eo sd dupe khao sat phan hdi, qua thdng ke hien ed 77 GV, can bd dang tham gia giang day tai nudc ngoai, sd cd 19 GV (chie'm 24,7%) di day theo dien higp djnh ki ket; 27 GV (chie'm 35,1 %) di theo dy an eiia tmdng; 46 GV (chie'm 59,7%) cae trudng nudc ngoai mdi giang, eac GV di thinh giang tai nudc ngoai chu ye'u de'n cae nudc thude chdu MT, chdu Au, chdu Uc, ngoai edn mdt sd LHS ctia Viet Nam nudc ngoai hpc tap tai cac nude Nhdt Ban, Han Qud'c, Singapore, Tmng Qudc vd nhieu nudc khae tren the gidi, sau tdt nghiep dupc cac co sd mdi d lai tham gia giang day Mpt so giai phap cho viec xuat - nhap khau djch vu GDOH thdi gian tdi TQ thyc trang da phan tich tren, ehung tdi de xuat mdt sdgial phap ey ttie'giup GDOH Viet Nam ndng cao chat lupng OT, dap Qng nhu clu xa hpi va ttiam gia manh me horn vao thj tmdng xuat khd'u djch vu GDOhi khu vyc vattiegioA: - Xay dyng ehiai lupc hdi nhdp qudc te, ndng cao nang luc hpp tac va sue canh tranh eiia GDOH Vi^t Nam, thye hien cac hiep djnh va cam ket qudc te; chien lupc xuaA - nhap khd'u djch vy GDOH cho ngdn han va dai han (Xem V^ trang 15) (ki2-1/2013) lidu, quy djnh cdc chuyen de cin phai hpc tap, nghidn cQu de HT ddng ki ttiuc hien; cac nam hpc to chuc cac hpi nghj, hdittiaochuyen de v l QLGD; gdn ket qua OT, b/ hpc, ty BD vao ndi dung danh gid ttii dua khen thudng hang nam de' tgo ttidm ddng lye ti/ hpc, ti/ nghien cQu eho can bd Sir dyng mdt phln kinh phi hd trp cho hoat ddng tuOT, BD nhu: tai lieu, nghidn ciiu dieu tra xd hdi hpc *** Xu hudng dd'i mdi QLGD hign la ty ehu va tt/ chju trach nhigm, cae giai phap dd'i mdi, ndng cao chd't lupng OT, BD, khuye'n khich ty OT, BD ddi vdi HT va can bd ke can vita trinh bay d tren Id cin thid't va ed tinh kha thi eao Tuy nhien, eac giai phap nhdm phat trien dpi ngu HT tmdng THPT cdng ldp tinh Phu Thp de'n ndm 2020 cin dupe thue hidn ddng bd mdi phat huy higu qua gdp phln ndng cao chd't lupng GD THPT ndi ehung dtinh Phu Thp • Tai li$u tham tihSo I Ban Bi thu Trung uong DSng Cht thf sd'40- CT/ TW ngdy 15/06/2004 caa Ban Bi thu Trung uong Ddng vi viSc Xdy dung, ndng cao chdt lu(mg ddi ngu nhd gido vd cdn bd qudn Ii gido due ban hdnh kim theo Quyit dinh s6 09/QD - TTg ngdy 11/01/2005 Clia Thii tudng Chinh phii, 2004 BO GD-DT Thdng tusif29/2009/rT-BGDBTngdy 22/10/2009 Clia Bd GD-DT quy dinh Chudn hifu trudng trudng trung hpc phd thdng ca sd, trung hqc phd thdng vd trudng phd thdng cd nhiiu cdp hpc, 2009 UBND tinh Phu Thp Quyit dinh sd 2641/QDUBND ngdy 10/9/2009 ciia UBND tinh Phii Thp vi quy dinh miic ho trp dd'i vdi ngudi di hpc, 2(X)9 SUMMARY To develop a principal team of Public High School in Phu Tho province in order to meet the requirements of the education and training, the Department of EducaUon and Training has implemented many solutions Including training and fostering the principal team of the high school However, this solution Is still face many limitations, hence It should be changed for more effectiveness and feasibility solutions Xuat - nhap khau djch vu giao due de chu ddng hon van d l hdi nhdp qudc te, ndng cao CO sd vdt chat; ed chien lupe DT ndng eao trinh Trie'n khai vide day va hgc bdng tieng nude dp cho dpi ngu can bd quan Ii GV va d l eac chinh ngoai, tmde mdt Id bdng tieng Anh; ndng cao chd't sach thu hilt eac nha khoa hpc phyc vy Idu dai lupng cac chuong trinh OT va nghien ciiru cd kha ede CO sd GDOH, tao mdi tmdng canh tranh lanh ndng thu hut ngudi nude ngoai;tie'pthu ed chpn k?c manh cho cae eo sd GDDH nude va qudc te cac chuong trinh OT tientie'nciia the gidi; dat dupc tai Viet Nam ttioa thudn v l tuong duong van bdng, ehuong trinh - Thanh lap vdn phdng dai dign co sd GDOH cua OT vdi eac eo sd G DO H tren t h i gidi; khuye'n khich Viet Nam d nudc ngodi • cac hinh thQc lidn ket OT chat lupng cao, trao ddi GV, chuyen gia vdi nude ngoai; khuye'n khich GV la (1) (2) BO GD-DT Bdo cdo h^i nghi tdng kit 10 ndm ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai tham gia giang day tai ddo tfio cdn b^ nudc ngodi bdng ngdn sdeh nhd nudc Vigt Nam; tdng sd lupng LHS nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam 2010 (Tiep theo trang 10) Khuye'n khich du hpe tai chd; cd co che tu van va quanfittiichhgp giip SV Viet Nam du hpc djnh hudng nganh nghi, h/a ehpn tmdng va hpc tap ed chat lucng, dgt hidu qua cao - Sdm trie'n khai Luat GDOH (08/2012yQH 13, 18/6/2012) vao eude sd'ng, ddc bigt, cy ttie hda nhQng ndi dung dupc ghi tai tQ dieu 43-46, chuong VI (hoat dpng hpp tdc qudc td), Luat GDOH Tgo CO che va dieu kidn thudn Ipi de cae nha dau tu, cac co sd GDOH cd uy tin trdn the gkii md CO sd GDOH qudc te tai Viet Nam hode lien ket OT vdicac CO sdGDOH Vigt Nam - Tiep tt^ giao quyln tuchu cho cac co sd GDOH Tai lieu tham khdo I BO GD-DT 50 nSm phat trien su nghidp giao due va dao tao NXB Gido dixc, H 1995 SUMMARY More than 20 years ofinnovation and lOyears of education development strategy, higher education in Vietnam has achieved great progress in terms of size, diversity of types of schools, training forms, step by step supply high-quality workforce.In the context of integration, the export or import of education are highly effective for the development of the intellectual resources of the country.The paper analyzes some of the outiine of the import and export situation of higher education of our country In lOyears Tap chi Gido due so 302 15 (ki2-1/2013) • ... sat tai 35 eo sd GDOH Viet Nam (nam 2011) ve so lupng LHS nude ngoai de''n Vigt Nam hpc tap tu 2008-2012, cd td''ng so 2701 LHS dang theo hpc tai 35 co sd GDDH cila Viet Nam, binh qudn cd 77,2 LHS/1... tdng kit 10 ndm ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai tham gia giang day tai ddo tfio cdn b^ nudc ngodi bdng ngdn sdeh nhd nudc Vigt Nam; tdng sd lupng LHS nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam 2010 (Tiep theo trang... Nga va mdt sd eo sd GD dlu tu nhd le khae (1) 2) Xuift khau GDBH Vi$tNam:D6\ chieu ea phuong thQc da neu, hidn tai GDDH Viet Nam chua dat kd''t qua dang ke''; phuong thQc {Tieu thij ngoii lanh tho)