THAM DO DOI MOI CAN BAN, TOAN DIIN MON NGIRVAN TRONG GIAO DUC VIET NAM GS TS NGUYEN THANH H O N G * 1 Bo''''i canh giao due Viet Nam Cuang linh xiy dung denude tmng thdi ki qua do len chij nghia xahgi (b[.]
THAM DO DOI MOI CAN BAN, TOAN DIIN MON NGIRVAN TRONG GIAO DUC VIET NAM GS TS NGUYEN THANH H O N G * Bo'i canh giao due Viet Nam Cuang linh xiy dung denude tmng thdi ki qua len chij nghia xahgi (bo sung, phittrien nam 2011) d i ndu djnh hudmg Idn mang tinh each mang va the hipn quye't tim cao v l phat trie'n giio dye; "Dd'i mdi can ban va toan didn giao dye va dao tao theo nhu eau phat trie'n eiia xa hdi; ning eao chat lupng ttieo ydu eau chui'n hoa, hidn dai hoa, xa hdi hoa, din ehu hoi va hpi nhap qudc te, phyc vy die luc su nghiep xiy dung v i bao vpTd'qudc Oi'y manh xiy dung x i hdi hpe tip, tao eo hdi v i dieu kien eho mpi cdng din dupc hpe tip sudt ddT (1) Hi vpng, vdi tu tudng dd'i mdi chin va day cao vpng nay, giao dye Vi^t Nam sau gan 30 nim loay hoay ddi mdi ma vin triln midn khdng la seed nhung dd'ittiaydang ghi nhin Tu tudng cua Oang riha'n manh chi? "can ban" la tmy tim tdl tin goe re nhim thay dd'i triet dd' nen giao dye Viet Nam bao gdm ca hai mat; vda loai bo cai yd'u kem vda vun trdng mat tot dep "Cin ban" la nguyen nhan cd the san sinh va ting tn/dng qua trinh chuyen hda ttianh nin tang bin vi?ng; la cai khdng the thilu suphat trie'n ngudi, la hanh ddng thich dng tn/de ca hpi va thach thde toan eau tida ^lio dye Odi mdi loan didn" ddng nghia vdi suthda nhin giao dye Vipt Nam ehua cd tam nhin (Vision) siu rdng boi canh hdi nhip qud'e tlva nin kinh te ttij tn/dng ttieo djnh hudmg xa hdi chu nghia 'Toan dien" khdng ed nghia la lam cho day du mpi mat ma cdn phai lya chpn git gao phuang hudng chu dao, ndi dung cot Idi va eon dudng ttiuc hidn hpp li cho dat hidu qua giao dye chic chin masanpham cud'i cung Clia nd la ngudi b i tuoi Viet Nam dupc trai nghiem, duang dau tn/dc nhi?ng bidn ddng thdi dai ma vin tu chu, viia li va tn/e giac, vua hien the vua tilm tang ning luc hanh ddng ttieo tmyln thd'ng the tue va nhu mpt cu din ttiegkJi.Hpla nhung ngudi coi trpng gia trj tinhttianva gia trj vit chat, tdn tr9ng Ipi ich cdng dong, vda cd vin hda vda la ngudi nam vi?ng khoa hpc ki ttiuat, cdng nghe ttidng tin, mang dam ban sic dan Tap chi Gide due so 301 tdc khoan hoan va ttidng thai (wisdom, weisheit) tiic la "thdng minh cudc sd'ng" nhu Bac Ho da gpi y tunam 1946 Trong sd rat nhieu hqi thao Idn nhd ban v l djnh hudng dd'i mdi giao dye, dang ehu y la Hpi thao "Odi mdi can ban, toan didn nin giao dye Vipt Nam" diln 14/8/2012 Ban Tuydn giao Tmng uong to' chde, dua nhi/ng y tudng chung la xiy dung mpt nin giao dye md, ttiuc hidn hpc sudt ddi gin vdi giao dye didn tu Od la mdt nhdng quan did'm dli mdi, Nhung tile thay, nhung y tudng vin ehua ed su ddng thuan eao va de trinh, Qudc hpi vin lie dlu Trong bdi canh bdn bidd, ngudi vilt chi hudng tdi trao ddi nhung gi mdi ngudi ed the tham chieu de lam rdthdm djnh hudng, npl dung, phuong phap ddi mdi can ban, toan didn d?y hpc Ngi? vin (NV) d tmng hpe phd'thdng (THPT) sau nam 2015 Lit lai die trung mdn NgQ van nha tnrdng THPT SddimdnA/l^gidvj tri hang dau nhu mdn Toanla vi nd la suphii sinh (derirational) tdvan chuang ttiuin khiet vao sinh hoat hpc dudng Ketdthdikidddacu, thi ca la mot bd phin ddi sd'ng cua loai ngudi Khdng xa hdi nao tdn tai ma khdng tdng blet tdl mdt hinh thuc nao dd eiia van ehuong Neu ngudi qudn vin hpe ttii hpsequdn chinh minh v i t r d v l vdi hon mang nguyenttiiiy.Ngay nay, van tha giup chdng iai sii'c ep eua phuangtiennghe nhin qua tai, n^ng ve vin minh ki thuit nhung thie'u vin hda Trong van chuong cd cai gl dd nhu la d^e chat chong lal xa hpl tidu dung va khdng h i ed su dan hda vdi tpi ldi sinh tucai xau va cai ac Nd ndi dupc nhdng dieu cd y nghia visusinh tdn eda eon ngudi ma khdng edeach bieu hien nao khae hay hon, dep hon Van tha dich ttiuc ludn tay tni su ddng nhit va ddi hdi su ton tai eua nhi?ng khae biet ben Vin hpc la dip chin bao ve gia trj van hda bing each tu ttii hidn vin hda eua minh tdng din tdc Od la die fnrng phd' quit dem lai su "ddi gid" eho van hpe nha 'NaNfi (kil-1/2013) tn/dng xu ttie mdi Tidp can vin hda va nhin manh die trung vin hda cua vin hpc cung la each de cao chuc nang giao dye cai dep da dang va dai Iiu Clia vin chucmg vdi tu each la nghd thuit ngdn tudac biet cd kha ning tmyln cam hdng siu rpng nhin ttidc, danh gia, ttiudng thde gii trj ttii'm mi va ning luc phittrien eii dep eho mdi hpc sinh (HS) T i ^ can vin hda va coi trpng die trung vin hda la phu hpp vdi ddi tuong tham mi ciia tie phi'm vin chuang Od la hinh tupng eon ngudi lidn he vdi ngudi khae co c h l bi i'n eua eude ddi va ngdn ngir nghd thuit vdn khd nim bit nhung laittiuhut su dam md thau hid'u Hon nua, chinh ngudi v i ngdn ngu l i hai san pha'm cd gia tri eao nhi't va ddc dio nhi't ma ttianh qua van hda tao Nghidn cdu die trung van hda cua vin hpc thuc la nghien cuu lidn nganh, mdt xu hudng ed nhieu k;ri thidd hid'u vin hpc mang ludi quan he cdi md ciia thuc tai Hon nua, vdi each lam nay, Ijch su vin hda tinh than bao gdm tu tudng nhin vin va tu nghp thuat vin hpc se dupc md rdng, di siu han nua bdl mdi quan h§ vd'n cd giua cac hinh thai y thiic xa hpi nhu din tpc hpc, nhan chung hpc, xa hdi hqc, huyIn thoai hqc, phin tam hqc, van hqc the tyc, cii tha'm mi ddi thudng, mi thuit edng nghipp, tham mi hpc CO the, thi'm mi hpe thdl trang se gdp phan khim pha "thin the giac ngptinhthin" vdn hda quydn vao nliau Nghidn edu vin hpc theo khuynh hudng vin hda se dit vin hpe vao Idng ddi sd'ng xa hdi duong dai chdkhdng li'y vin hpc day xeo len canh ddng vin hpc nhucu ma khdng tao dupc mdtthdiuang thyc nio, thim ehi dd'n cd dai eung khdng the sdng Gia trj cua van chuong va sach giao khoa (SGK) Ngu? van khdng phai la dtud'i tho Chuang trinh mdn A/I/la mdt ke hoach day hoc khoangttidigian phu hpp, cd the thuc hidn dupc dtiing tn/dng trang ca nudc Linh hdn sd'ng ddng eua chuang trinh la ndi dung hpc vi'n - ndi dung vin hda se dap dng dupc nhu eau va humg thii cua ngudi hpc nhung eung la mien tim li/e, nai giao vien cd di't de sang tgo.GIa tri cua chuang trinh NV tmdc hit phai la kheo leo lam ndi bit quan did'm "hpe mdt bilt mudT ttieo quan hp giao thoa giua tmyln thd'ng va hidn 6f Ndi viy eung cd nghia, chuang trinh ndn li'y dieu mudn hpc, cin hpc va ed the hpc eua HS lam chinh Chuang trinh phai hudmg vao tu tudng hpe sudt ddi (lebenlang lemen) bing su uu tien nghien edu va quy djnh euttiesach dpc (Lesebuch) chinh thd'ng va tai lieu tham khao bit bude cd chat lupng eho vide tu hpc eua HS NVia mdn hqc mem deo phu hpp vdi tilm ning vd'n cd eua mpi Ida tudi Ta nhd Idi Kari Want "khdng ed gi ttiudc ngudi lai xa la vdi tdi", vi mdn NV thude khoa hpc nhan vin vetu tudng va tam hdn ngudi ndn ta cd co sd de nghi nhu the Ve ngi dung chuang trinh, nen cin nhic lai ti trpng giua van hpc tmng dai va van hpc hien dai Dlu biet vin hqc trung dai la tinh hoa van hda tinh thin, ling dpng tmyln thd'ng ydu nudc va nhan dao chinh tn/c Clia dan tdc Viet, nhung xet v l mat vin hqc thuan khiet dich thuc thi cdn nhieu van 6e chua thda man cai dep, cai hay va su hap din thi hie'u thi'm mi cua HS Ndn ching, can cdi md vdi van hpc hien dai va hau hien dai nhu mdt subut pha each tan nghd thuat mpt su ddi mdi each nhin thesutinh tao vatu sang tao, ed the dupc phan bien cdng khai trdn mat bing Ijeh sd khdng ed each bdc qua xa va khae biet gida tie giavabandpcHS Vecau tnic chuang trinh, khdng ndn sip xlp theo theloaivin hpe.Oanh ring,each lam tn/de day la xem trpng ddng dai de xiu chudi van hpe dan tde va vin hqc nude ngoai, tranh vide md ta lich su van hpc mdt each trung tinh, nhung ch! dua vio the loai vin hpc thi vin mang ning tinh hinh thde Cai cdt Idi cua ndi dung nhan van, cua nhiing qua trinh phdi hpp su hon ddng vin hda (acculturation) va cua gia trj van hpc vin tilm tang nhL?ng kidt tic Oe giam tai cd hieu qua, ndn nghi tdi kha nang xay dung chuong trinh NV THPT theo hudng vin hpc so sanh (Literaturcompare) "Chl cdsuddi dao mdi la xac ttiyc' (Kari Mane), lam nhuviysekethpp dupc ve dep v i t u tudng nghe thuit ciia nha van sinh tu ve dep di't nudc va eon ngudi tmyln tlidng van hda khae dupe hdity vao gia trj lam ngudi; mat khae eung la khai lai tmyen thd'ng "biet ngudi biet ta" tranh eii cdt each Irong nhanhat me nhi con" va "myc vd nhan" ma kem di cai su hpe hanh de'n dau de'n dua gia til vin hda dinh eao cua nhan loai Chang han, Tmyen KieuciJa Nguydn Du ngang gia vdi EpgheniOnegm eua Puskin Tuyen ngon dgc lap eiia Hd Chi Minh l i suklttinh cam hdng nhan quyen eua Phap va Mi Ba bai ttio thu cua Nguyin Khuye'n vdi vol tam tinh nhu tam bai tho thu cua Od Phu Tho Xuan Didu la gach ndi vdittiaC Baudelaire tn/dng phii tupng ttung ThoToHuu vatho Maiacdpxki dupc khdi sinh tuddng dao ngudi each mang Thach Lam nhemattiam nhu Bunhin Nam Cao tuxd'p minh vao phong each Tap chi Gide due so 301 (kil 1/2013) nghe thuit cua Ld Tan va Sdkhd'p Kim Lin gin bd hoan hao, la khdng cd cai khd cua nd" Ngudi xua hdn qud lang xdm nhu Phdneone Nguyen Minh Chau cung viet Trang cung dly voi md td, xua dau cd ngang tam tinh anh vdi Henri Vu Trpng Phung van loan" Ydu clu thu ba - day hpc vin gdp phan kem gi Ndben vin hpc cua Mac Ngdn Xuin Quynh hinh nang iuc sd'ng cho HS, vi vay phai trd dim say va ttiua Id khae gi Blaga Oimitrieva Hoai ttianh ydu cau cin dupc nghien edu siu hon Thanh sdng ddi cung Johanes Beeher v l sutinh vi Giai trusu rdl k>an va nhidu t i m cua phuong eua lao ddng tim hon Td Hoai bj hut hdn bdi huong phap day hpc (PPDH) Ngir van vj qud huong xdsdnhuOld Bidn cdp vaVdQuangva Trong day hqc khdng he cd mpt phuong phap Qaida da tra lai cho kip ming non suhdn nhidn tri tup hien than hoan loan Ngudi ta thudng hay ndidin ma nhiing ciu chuyen ke nhu mo Iran (matriee) eua phuang phap da blln tiianh kining Visach giao khoa NV THPT da ed nhieu cai mdi van dyng cdtinh kT thuit day hpe van Tinh kha nhu tu tudng tich hop v i tieh cue npi dung va dyng cua PPDH vin the hipn dsdc sd'ng cua nd Ndi phuong phap Tuy nhidn, ed mdt vai vi'n d l dd'n sdc sd'ng cua mpt PPDH tmdc hit phai nghi tdi SGK cin suy tinh ttidm Phln ydu clu can dat chia manh dated the nudi dudng va phat trie'n nd.Oat nudc ba; kidn thde, kinang, thai dp Ham nghia ctia ta dang tren dudng cdng nghipp hda va hipn d^i "thii dp" la gi? L i syphan umg dao ddc cua HS hay la hda chudiu da dupc nhuthlmadem nhiing phuong su hdi dap cua hp v l nhin ttidc khoa hpe? phap hipn dai vao nha tmdng Oiy la nhdng bdi rdi Theo ngudi vilt "ttiai dp" cd sure chua cua tu tudng vide "di thuc phuang phap" Mud'n hpc theo Idn, tinh cam cao dep, ldi sd'ng vin hda, dao ddc, cam cung td't nhung chic chin phai phit trien h$ thd'ng xuc thi'm miva khat vpng hoan thi$n ban thin ma bai PPDH bp mdn cua minh mdt each chit che, than hpc hudng tdi Lipu edttie thay tu'lhai dp" bing "kinh trpng Ngoai cdn phaitinhde'n nhL?ng piiuang phap nghipm sd'ng"? Trong triet hpc Nga, ngudi ta da thiet nao cua minh tmyln thd'ng va tren t h i gidi phu lap dupe tidu chi hoan toan mdi v l chin li va kha hop vdi die tn/ng vin chuang va mdn NV nang nh|in thde tuong dng vdi nd Od la khai niem Bao tnjm len hai dieu kidn lua ehpn i y phai tim kinh nghidm nhung khdng phai vdi tinh each la kinh dupe nhung phuong phap cd kha nang khuiy dpng nghipm hien nhien, cam tinh, m i vdi tinh each la nhin nilm dam me (passion),tinhthan hid'u hpc (curiosity) thde tdn tai, tn/c giac tdcude sd'ng suddng cam va khai md tri thdng minh (intelligent) cila ngudi hpe (empattiie) va su ndm trai (erieben) bing kinh nghidm Vdi each nhin dd, edttie van dyng phuong phap nghien ndi tim (lexperienee interieure) Theo ehllu hudng edu, phuang phap diln thuylt ndu van d l va binh ay, Hans Robert Jaussttongcdng trinh "Kinh nghiem luan Die bidt, hoan canh mdt kip hpe tip tmng thi'm miva luin giii van hge"{^997) eung nhi'n manh kha ddng HS nhu hien cd the phat huy tie dung binh didn san sinh kinh nghidm thi'm mi cua vin cung hpc cung choi mang tinh edng ddng chit che ehuong, binh dien tidp nhin kinh nghidm thi'm mi Cdng ddng cd tic ddng khdng nho len khdng cua mi hpe va kit qua giao tidp kinh nghidm thi'm mi va kit qua hpe tip mdn NV Ndu chung ta tao mpt cua syttianh kx tim hdn Ban chat ciia vin hpe edng ddng tinh cue, nai HS chia se va hd trp su van dpng eiia nd, theo Kant la sutuy thuc cua hpc tap ttii kit qua hpc tip se tdt hon nhieu so ngudi v l chinh minh td kinh nghidm thi'm mi ay vdi mdt Idp hpe ehi thuan la mdi tmdng hpc thuit Myc td "ttiai dp" SGK du ndi theo kid'u nao Ldp hpc kid'u edng ddngtiehcue l i mdt x i hpittiunho cung phai ttida myc dich tu giao dye day gom nhilu vdng trdn ddng tam ed the inh xa vao hpc van ma cd Id ehl van ehuong mdi lam dupc Cd PPDH ttieo nhdm ditvao diy lattiichhpp nhat ttie'ndi, tuoi tre hpe dudng la mot kinh nghidm dau ddi (vdi dilu kidn phai dua vao sutu nguydn va tinh sin ma mdi ca nhin phai bidt ring tmng didm dudng sang hqp tie va chia se tip thd', thuang lupng ddi song phai tiing luc dupe tai tie'p can nhu chinh ddi thoai, tranh luin eua HS, neu khdng sullen ketap cupc ttiyc nghiem ban than hpc vin Ikeda - thue dit aiy chl din dd'n "su khd' dau vd h^n" nhu J Nem gia ngudi Nhit eho ring "Cach m^ng eon ngudi la su da nhic nhd) Nhu vgy, vipc lua ehpn ap dyng ti/nh|in ttidc mpt each rd rang myc dich cua eude ddi PPDH NV can tan dyng kha ning nhin ^li (step back), minh chd khdng phai ia dat dd'n myc dich nhu tn/de kien tim lan ldi vao cii d i cd de dua phuang phap d i dinh Nd cho phep ehung ta hie'u diu la myc khdng hoan toan mdi nhung mang tinh khoa hpcva dich hudng tdi, mac du trdn ddi khdng cd gi la ttiuetiln Tap chi Gide dye so 301 (kil-1/2013) Hipu qua cao nhltma vipc day hpc batki mdn hpc nao hudng tdi la day cho HS biet each tu duy, biet each gd m^nh vio bd de va nit td tii nao minh nhung gi edttie van dyng vao eude song Vin chuong va mdn NV\a noi hdi ty nhilu k>ai tu v i tri khdn nhlt Tiln d l eho phep ehung ta van dyng phuang phip cdng nio (brainstonning) vio day hpc NV Phuong phip cdng nao dupc van dyng vao hoat ddng nhdm de tao sd lupng dang ke nhung y tudng de giai quylt van d l Nd triet d l su dyng lidn tudng va ttiuylt lidn ddi Phuong phip gin vdi ten tuoi Alex Fackney Osbom (1888-1966) cdng ttinh tJng dyng tri tudng tupng" de giup ting gip nhilu lan su sang tao d dlu Phuong phap cdng nao giam dang kd' su de ehl, kich thich su phat sinh y tudng mdi vdi cdng thde minh hpa 1+1=3 v i thudng thu nap vio minh hai bipn phap day hqc don gian la su dyng phid'u tu (brain writting) va ban tu (mind mappping) Tuduy cu ctia li lu|in vin hpc hid'u hinh thde nghp ttiuat eua tic phi'm chi la ye'u tdbld'u dpt de lam sang to eii dupc bid'u dat chinh la ndi dung tic phi'm Cdn ttieo Oerida, nhdng cai bid'u dat vi d^i hon nhilu so vdi nhdng eii dupc bleu dat, bdi hp thd'ng cii bleu dpt dang ton tai rai rac quanh ta va ri't nhilu cai ehung ta chua ed tdn de gpi Ngdn tdciia tie phi'm vin hpe la cai bleu d^t khdng toin ven nhdng cai dupe ndi bing nhdng dilu ndi That sal lim nlu khdng bilt eii bid'u dat bao gdm ngdn td va ca nhdng ki hidu ttilm mida d?ing hinh thde nghpttiuittic pham Ki hi$u ttii'm mi ed tuthin nd su phat sinh vd hgn nghia Neu chi di siu phin tich ridng tin hidu ngdn ngdthi khdng dil kha ning tim chia khoa md y nghia i'n tang ding sau vin ban nghe ttiuit Day l i li dlOerida vilt rang "Vin hpc khdng phai la hinh ttidc ngdn ngd die tn/ng ma la hinh ttidc dpc die tn/ng dupe ndi tie'p ty nhidn giua vllt fie pha'm va dpc tic phi'm" Li thuylt tilp nhin xem tic phi'm vin hpc l i mdt tieng gpi hi^u tripu (Appell) Nlu hdi nha vin kdu gpi dilu gi thi that khdng de tra Idi vi Ijhdng saotim^thay dly dii bing ed tie phi'm de dd'i tupng thi'm mi Ip ma ehl cd nhdng yd'u Id' mang tinh da gpi (equivoque) tao y nghia va gia trj thi'm mi eua tie phi'm Nh§n liilt dupc dilu i'y thi vipc danh vj tri die bipt quan trpng eho vi'n d l dpc hid'u de ddi mdi ciii ban toan di§n day hpc NV khdng phai la y mudn ehu quan hay hu vd chu nghia eua mpt so ngudi nhu Ld Phuang Nga, Nguyin Thj Hanh, Nguyin Thai Hoa, Pham Thu Huang, Tran Oinh Chung, Nguyen Trong Hoin, Ld Huy Bic, Trin Thj Hdng Thu, Nguydn Kim Phong, Nguyin Khic Phi, Trin Oinh Suva Nguydn Thanh Hung ma thuc sudpc hid'u da trd ttiinh nhu eau li luin va thuc tiln day hpc NV Ndi dpc hieu la can ban vi tic phi'm vin chuang dupe viet de dpe Cudc phidu luu day hip din de tim y nghia tic phi'm vin chuang trai qua trinh dpe, nghia l i thdng qua thuc hanh ma bong nhien ta cd tdcic nha vin dilu ta chua bao gid ttiyc sudupe chiimg kiln, trai nghidm Thdhdi cd giao vien nio khdng say me tim hidu y nghia va ve dep cua tic phi'm vin chuang bing nang luc dpe hid'u cda minh Hp mudn tmyen kinh nghidm va cam hdng ay cho HS Cd dpe hie'u thi gia trj vin chuang mdi tdn tai va khai sang HS Ope hid'u ed y nghia toan didn vi nd ed lidn quan tn/e tidp de'n vide xiy dung chuang trinh, viet SGK va cung each ddi mdi PPDH Oe edu nin vin hpc dang lim nguy vdi each day hpc nha tmdng (y cua Todorov) can tranh vide chi phin tich tic phi'm so sai, thay vao dd la nhdi nhet eho HS nhung tri thdehin lim ngoai tic phi'm, nhdng li ttiuylt nghien ciiru, li luin vin hpc khdng cd y nghia van dyng qua trinh dpc hid'u *** Oe dam bao tinh chi't cin ban, toan dipn cua ddi mdi giao dye phai hpc cich tu ttieo quan did'm toan clu, phai ehu y li luan v l chat luong giao dye nd md dli loai hinh nha tn/dng nhu hidn Tri thde khoa hpe ehinh la mdt khdi eae phit ngdn eua suba't xic djnh vdi nhdng mdc dp khae nhu la; da ehie chin, hoae gan nhu chic chin v i that ching cd phit ngdn nao la tuydt ddi ehie chin ca; nilm hi vpng la d chd eae nha nghidn edu dang cung di tdi bing nhung y tudng mdi Chinh vi le iy, ngudi viet gpi nhdng dilu da trinh bay ch? la nhung ttiim ddvlddlmdicin ban, toin didn day hpc NV Clia giio dye Viet Nam.1^ r n http://www.vietnamplus.vn/Home/Cong-bo-toanvan-cac-van-lcien-Dai-hoi-XI-cua-Dang/20113/ S2074.vnplus SUMMARY Education reforms perspective of the Communist Party of Vietnam: "Basic and comprehensive innovation in education and training according to the needs of social development " has brougfit new hope for the Vietnamese educaUon This article contributes to clarity the direction, content and methods of basic and comprehensive Innovation In teachingUterature in high school today Tap chi Gide due so 301 (kil-1/2013)- ... Viet Nam. 1^ r n http://www.vietnamplus.vn/Home/Cong-bo-toanvan-cac-van-lcien-Dai-hoi-XI-cua-Dang/20113/ S2074.vnplus SUMMARY Education reforms perspective of the Communist Party of Vietnam: "Basic... bj hut hdn bdi huong phap day hpc (PPDH) Ngir van vj qud huong xdsdnhuOld Bidn cdp vaVdQuangva Trong day hqc khdng he cd mpt phuong phap Qaida da tra lai cho kip ming non suhdn nhidn tri tup... edttie thay tu''lhai dp" bing "kinh trpng Ngoai cdn phaitinhde''n nhL?ng piiuang phap nghipm sd''ng"? Trong triet hpc Nga, ngudi ta da thiet nao cua minh tmyln thd''ng va tren t h i gidi phu lap dupe