y j NGHUNCOU ONG DUNG E LEARNING TRONG DAY HOC Hlln nay, n in kinh t l t h i gidi dang bude vio glai doan kinh t l tri thde Vi vly, vile ning cao hllu qui chit lupng gl lo due dio tao se I I nhin td s[.]
y j NGHUNCOU ONG DUNG E-LEARNING TRONG DAY HOC TS.BUIVl£TPHd NXB Gllo d|G n f I Nam Ifl TP 01 Ning Hlln nay, n i n kinh t l t h i gidi dang bude vio glai doan kinh t l tri thde Vi vly, vile ning cao hllu q u i chit lupng gllo due - dio tao se II nhin td sdng edn quylt djnh sg tdn tai v i phit triln eda mdi qudc gla Hem nda, vile hpe t i p khdng chi bd gpn vile hpe phd thdng, hpc dai hpe m i II hpc sudt ddi E-learning ehinh II mdt gill phip hdu hi|u gill quylt v l n d l niy Hinh thde giio due diln td (E-educatlon) v i dio tao td xa (Distance learning) gpi ehung l i E-learning, dga trln edng eg miy tinh v i mdi trudng Web ddi nhu l i mdt hinh thde hpe t i p mdi d l mang d i n eho ngudi hpe mdt mdi trudng hpc t i p hllu q u i vdi tinh t h i n tg gllc v l tieh cgc Khli n i l m v l E-learning E-learning (vilt t i t cda td Electronic Learning) l i thuit ngd mdi m l Hiiu theo nghia rdng, E-learning l i mdt thuit ngddung d l md t l vile hpe t|p, dio tao dga t r l n edng nghi thdng tin v l truyin thdng (CNTT&TT), die bilt l i cdng nghi thdng tin Hifn nay, theo elc quan dilm v i dUdi elc hinh thdc khlc cd r l t nhilu eleh hllu v l E-learning Dudi dly l i mdt sd djnh nghia E-learning die trUng nhit: - E-learning l i sd dgng elc cdng nghi Web v i Internet hoc t i p (William Horton) - E-learning l i mdt thuit ngd dung d l md t l vile hpc tip, d i o tao dga t r l n cdng nghi thdng tin v i truyin thdng (Compare Infobase Inc) - E-learnIng nghTa II vile hpe tap hay dio tao dugc chuin bj, truyin t i l hole quin li sd dung nhilu edng eg eua edng nghi thdng tin, truyin thdng khlc v i dupe thgc hl|n d mdc cgc bd hay toin cue (MASIE Center) Theo quan dilm hiln dai, E-learnIng la su phin phit elc ndi dung hpc sd dgng elc cdng eg diln td hiln dai nhu miy tfnh, mang v l tinh, mang Internet Intranet ndi dung hpc ed t h i thu dupe td elc website, dTa CD, blng video, audio thdng qua mdt miy tinh ngUdi day v i ngudi hpe cd the glao t i l p vdi qua mang dudi cac hinh thdc nhu e-mail, t h i o luin trge tuyln (chat), diln d i n (forum), hdi t h i o video Cd hai hinh thdc giao tilp gida ngUdi day v i ngUdi hpe: giao t i l p ddng bd (Synchronous) v i giao t i l p khdng ddng bd (Asynchronous) Giao t i l p ddng bd l i hinh thdc glao t i l p cd nhilu M'KIHUNfCGUOilVG ngudi truy clp mang tai eung mdt thdi dilm v i trao ddi thdng tin true t i l p vdi nhU: thio luin trge tuyln, hpi t h i o video, nghe d i i phit sdng trge tilp, xem tivi phit sdng trge tiep Glao tilp khdng ddng bd l i hinh thdc m i nhdng ngudi giao tilp khdng nhit thiet phli truy clp mang tai eung mdt thdi diem, vi du : elc khol tg hpe qua Internet CDROM, e-mail, diln d i n Ble trung cda kilu hpc niy I I giing viin phli ehuIn bi t i i lilu khol hpe trude khol hpe dien Hpc vlln dupe tg chpn Iga thdi gian tham gia khol hpe Dac diem chung cOa E-learning - Dga t r l n CNTT&TT, eg t h i hon l i cdng ngh| mang, ki thuit dd hpa, kT thuit md phdng, cdng nghi tfnh toin - Hllu qui eda E-learning cao han so vdl cich hpe truyin thdng, E-learnIng cd tfnh tuong tic eao dga tren multimedia, tao dilu kiln eho ngudI hpc trao ddi thdng tin d l ding hon, edng nhU dua ndi dung hpe tap phu hpp vdi ning v i sd thfch cda tdng ngudi - E-learning d l v l dang trd thinh xu t h i t i t ylu n i n kinh t l tri thdc v i dang thu hdt dupe sU quan t i m die b i l t eda elc nude t r l n t h i gidl vdl rat nhilu td chdc, cdng ty hoat ddng linh vge E-learning ddi Mdt so hinh thurc d i o tao b l n g E-learning - B i o tao dga t r l n edng nghi (TBT-TechnologyBased Training) II hinh thde dio tao ed sg Ip dung cdng nghi, die bilt la dga trln cdng nghe thdng tin - B i o tao dga t r l n miy tinh (CBT - ComputerBased Training) Hieu theo nghia rdng, thuit ngd niy ndi d i n b i t kl mdt hinh thde dio tao nio cd sd dung miy tinh Nhung thdng thudng thuit ngd niy dupe hiiu theo nghia hep de ndi d i n elc dng dung (phin mim) dio tao t r l n elc dTa CD-ROM hole cii trln elc miy tinh ddc lap, khdng ndi mang, khdng cd giao tilp vdi t h i gidl b i n ngoai Thuit ngd niy dupe hiiu ddng nhat vdi thuat ngd CD-ROM Based Training - B i o tao dga t r l n web (WBT - Web-Based Training): l i hinh thUe d i o tao sd dung cdng nghi web Ndi dung hpe, elc thdng tin quin If khol hpe thdng tin ve ngUdi hpc dupc luu trO trln miy chd v l ngudi dung cd t h i d l ding truy nhip thdng qua trinh duyet Web NgUdl hpc cd t h i giao tilp vdi v i vdi giio vlln, sd dung elc chdc ning trao ddi trge tilp, diln d i n , e-mail thim chf cd NGHIEN ciiu G t h i nghe dupe glong ndi v i nhin thly hinh Inh cda ngudi giao tilp vdi minh - B i o tao trge tuyln (Online Learning/Training): l i hinh thde d i o tao cd sd dung kit ndi mang d l thgc hiln vile hpc ching han nhu lly t i i lilu hpc, glao t i l p giCra ngudi hpe vdi v i vdi giio vlln - B i o tao td xa (Distance Learning): Thuit ngd niy ndi d i n hinh thdc d i o tao ngudi day v i ngudi hpc khdng d eung mpt chd, t h i m chi khdng cdng mdt thdi dilm Vf dg, vile d i o tao sd dung cdng nghi hdi t h i o elu truyin hinh hole cdng n g h | web l/u dilm cda E-learning day hoc - E-learnIng lim biln ddi eleh hpc edng nhu vai trd cda ngudi hpc ngUdi hpe ddng vai trd trung t i m v i chd ddng cda q u i trtnh d i o tao, ed t h i hpc mpi Idc mpi noi nhd cd phUdng t i l n trp gidp vile hpe - NgUdl hpe ed t h i hpe theo thdi gian bilu c l nhin tujr theo ning v l ed t h i chpn elc ndi dung hpc, dd nd s l md r$ng ddi tupng dio tao Tuy khdng t h i hoin t o i n thay t h i dupc phuong thde d i o tao truyin thdng, E-learnIng eho phip gill quylt mdt v l n d l nan gill linh vge gllo due dd II nhu clu d i o tao cda ngudi lao ddng v i sd lupng sinh vlln t i n g l l n q u i t i l so vdi ning eda cie eo sd d i o tao - E-learning s l cd sdc Idl cudn rlt nhilu ngudi hpc, phu hpp vdl hoin cinh eda nhdng ngudi dang di l i m nhung v l n mudn ning cao trinh dd - Cic chuong trinh d i o tao td xa t r l n t h i gidi hlln r l t phong phd v l glao diln, sddung nhilu hllu dng da phUdng t i l n nhu I m thanh, hinh Inh, hinh Inh ddng ba chilu, ki xlo hoat hinh, cd dp tuong t i c eao gida ngudi sd dung v i chuong trinh, d i m thoai trge t i l p qua mang B i l u niy dem d i n cho hpc vlln sgthd vj, say m l q u i trtnh t i l p thu kiin thdc cOng nhu hiiu q u i hpe t i p - E-learning eho p hip hpc vlln l i m chd hoin t o i n q u i trinh hpe eda b i n thin, td thdi gian, lupng kiln thde cin hpc cOng nha thd tg hpe elc bii, die b i l t l i cho phip tra cdu trge tuyln nhOng kiln thde ed l i l n quan d i n b i i hpc mdt eleh tdc thdi, duyet lai nhdng phin d l hpe mdt eleh nhanh chdng, tg trao ddi vdi nhdng ngUdI cdng hpc hole vdi gllo vlln q u i trtnh hpc Tuy v$y, hi|n nay, E-learning chua t h i thay t h i hoin t o i n phuong ph ip giing day truyin thdng bdi vl: - PhUdng ph'lp day hpe truyin thdng vln l i phuong thde chd y l u , phd biln vl nd phu hpp v i g i n l i l n vdl ngudi hpe Vdi eleh hpc truyin thdng, ngUdi hoc cim thly an t o i n hon dupe nghe giing trge tilp, dupe gill quylt v l n d l trge t i l p vdi gllo viin, phd hpp vdi nhilu ddi tupng hpc vlln khlc Bdl vdi nhdng hpc vien khdng tg gllc, khdng ed thdi quen tg l i m vile hay chd ddng lim vile thi eleh hpe truyen thdng it nhilu edng ed tic ddng d i n hp hp dupe hpe trge t i l p vdl gllo vlln t r l n Idp Gilo vlln edng ed t h i quan sit dupe thll dp hpc tap v i ning hpe t i p eda mdi hpe vlln qua t i l p xde true tilp Trong dd, md hinh dio tao trge tuyln khdng phli phd hpp vdi t i t el mpi ngudi, nd chi phit huy hllu q u i ngUdi hpc cd nhu clu, cd tinh ddc l i p v i tg giie eao - Bdl vdi b i i hpe, khdng phli b i t ki ndi dung hpe nio edng d l ding ehuyin ddi sang E-learning, cd rlt nhilu mdn hpc, nginh hpe phin ndi dung cd tfnh thgc hinh, tfnti thgc t l eao thi khd cd t h i day hpe qua E-Learnin Vi du, elc nginh liln" quan din c h l tao, y khoa, mda, nhae, hdi hoa ; nhung ddi vdi nhdng mdn hpe thl|n v l rln luyin ki ning v i hoat ddng theo quy trinh, ed sgthay ddi nhanh v l ndi dung hpc tip, cd ylu clu clp nhit kjp thdi, sl l i nhdng ndi dung thfch hpp eda E-learning E-learning hiln v l tuong lal gin v l n chua t h i thay t h i hoin toin eleh hpe truyin thdng m i ein phli ed sg kit hpp vdl di dem lai kit q u i tdt nhit eho q u i trinh day - hpe Mdt khol hpc sd dung thinh edng phupng phip day hpc E-learnIng ddi hdi ngudi day phli bilt kit hpp el hai phuong phap: day hpe E-learning v i day hpc truyin thdng di dem lal hiiu q u i eao nhit eho ngudi hpe 5.Tinh hinh p h i t t r i i n , Cirng dung E-learning tren the gidi va Viet Nam 5.1, Trin the gi&i E-learnIng phit triln khdng ddng d l u tai elc khu vge E-learnIng phat triln manh nhit d khu vge Ble Mi, d Chiu Au, E-learnIng eung rat cd triln vpng, dd Chiu A lai l i khu vUc dng dung edng nghi niy It hon Tai MT, day v i hpc diln t d d l nhan dupe sgdng hd v i elc ehinh sleh trp gidp cda Chinh phd tir cudi nhdng nlm 90 Theo sd lilu thdng k l cda Hdi Phit triln v i B i o tao Mi (American Society for Training and Development ASTD), nlm 2000 MT cd gan 47% elc trudng dai hpe, eao dang da dua elc dang khlc cda md hinh dio tao td xa, tao nen 54.000 khol hpc trge tuyln Theo elc chuyin gia phin tfch cda Cdng ty Dd Hlu qudc t l (International Data Corporation, IDC), cudi nlm 2004 cd khoing 90% elc trudng dai hpe, eao ding Mi dua md hinh E-learnIng, sd ngudi tham gla hpc tang 33% hing n l m khoing thdi gian s6u-TiUUK(/2gi2>l5 Q NGHUNCOU 1999 - 2004 E-learning khdng chi dupe triln khai d elc trudng dai hpe m i d cae edng ty vile xly dung v i triln khai eung diln rlt manh m l Trong nhdng n l m g i n dly, Chiu Au d l cd thll d$ tieh cgc ddi vdi vile phit triln edng nghe thdng tin cung nhu dng dung E-learning mpi linh vge kinh t l - xa hdi, die bilt I I dng dung h i thdng gllo dgc Cie nude Cdng ddng Chiu Au d l u nhin thdc dupe t i l m ning to Idn m i cdng nghi thdng tin mang lai vile md rdng pham vi, l i m phong phd t h i m ndi dung v i ning eao chit lupng gllo dgc Ngoii vile tieh ege triln khai E-learnIng tai mdi nudc, gida elc nude Chiu Au ed nhilu sg hpp tie da qudc gla ITnh vge E-learning Biln hinh l i dg I n xly dgng mang xuyin Chiu Au Europe PACE Biy l i mang E-learning cda 36 trudng dai hpc hing dlu Chiu Au thudc cic qudc gla nhu Ban M^ch, HI Lan, Bl, Anh, Phip cdng hpp tie vdl edng ty E-learnIng cda Mi - Docent nhlm cung clp elc khol hpe v l cic linh vge nhu khoa hpc ngh$ t h u | t eon ngudi phd hpp vdi nhu elu hpc eda elc sinh vlln dai hpc sau dai hpc elc nhi ehuyin mdn d Chiu Au Tai chiu A, E-learning v l n dang d tinh trang mdi phit triln, ehua ed nhilu thinh edng vl mdt sd If nhu : elc quy tie, luit I I bio thd, t l quan tilu, sU Ua chudng dio tao truyin thdng cda vln hda chiu A, v l n d l ngdn ngd khdng ddng n h i t eo sd ting nghio n i n v i n i n kinh t l lac h|u d mdt sd qudc gia Tuy vly, dd ehi l i nhdng rio cin tam thdi nhu clu d i o tao d chiu luc niy ngiy cing khdng t h i d i p dng dupc bdi elc eo sd gllo dgc truyin thdng bu^c elc qudc gla Chiu A dang d i n dan phli thda nhin nhdng tilm nang m i E-learnIng mang lai Mdt sd qudc gla ed nin kinh t l phit triln nhu: Nhit Bin, Hin Qudc Singapore, B i i Loan, Trung Qude, dl v l dang nd lge phit triln E-learning.Trong dd, Nhit Bin l i nudc cd dng dgng E-iearning nhilu nhit so vdl elc nude khlc khu vge 5.2.6 Viet Nam Til nlm 2002 trd v l trade, cic t i i lilu nghiin cdu, tim hllu v l E-learning khdng nhilu Td nlm 2003-2004, vile nghiin edu E-learnIng dupe quan t i m hon Cic hdi nghj, hdi thio v l edng nghe thdng tin v i gllo dgc d l u ed di clp nhilu d i n v l n d l E-learning v i ning I p dgng vio mdi trudng d i o tao d Viet Nam nhu: Hdi thio khoa hpc qudc gia l l n thd nhit v l nghiin cdu phit trien dng dung CNTT&TT ICT/rda 2/2003, Hdi t h i o khoa hpc qudc gia lan II v l nghiin cdu phat triln va dng 16 •KHUHQCSUODVC dung CNTT&TT ICT/rda 9/2004, v i hdi thio khoa hpe 'Nghiin cdu v l triln khai E-learning' Viln Cdng nghi Thdng tin (BHQG Hi Ndi) v l Khoa Cdng nghi Thdng tin (BH Blch khoa Hi Ndi) phdi hpp td elide d l u thing 3/2005 l i hpi thio khoa hpc v l E-learning d l u t i l n dupe td ehde tai Vilt Nam Cie trudng dai hpe d Vllt Nam cung budc dlu nghiin cdu v i triln khai E-learning, mdt sd trudng da trien khai elc phin m i m hd trp dio tao v i eho elc kit q u i quan : Bai hpe Cdng nghi - BHQG Hi Ndi, Viln CNTT - BHQG Hi Ndi, Bai hpe Blch Khoa Ha Ndi, BHQG TR Hd Chi Minh, Hpc viln BUu chinh Viln thdng, Cgc Cdng nghi thdng tin cda Bd GD&BT da triln khai cdng E-learning nhlm cung d p mdt eleh cd h i thdng elc thdng tin E-learning trln t h i gidi v i d Vilt Nam Bin canh dd, mdt s6 cdng ty phin m i m dVilt Nam d l tung thj trudng elc sin phim hd trp d i o tao Tuy ehUa phli l i sin phim Idn nhung d l bUdc d l u gdp phin thdc dly sg phit triln E-learning d Vilt Nam Vl|t Nam d l gia nhip mang E-learning Chiu A (Asia E-learning Network AEN, www.aslaelearning.net) vdi sg tham gia cda Bd GD&BT, B$ Khoa hpc - Cdng nghi, trudng Bai hpc Blch Khoa Hi Ndi, Bd Buu ehinh Vlln Thdng Bilu niy eho thly tinh hinh nghiin edu v l dng dung loai hinh d i o tao niy dang dupe quan tim d Vilt Nam Tuy nhiin, so vdi cac nude khu vUc E-learning d Viet Nam mdi chi d giai doan khdi dlu, edn nhilu vile phli l i m mdi t i l n kjp elc nUdc TAILIIUTHAMKHAO Nghiin cUu thuc nghiim vi ede hi LCMS/LMS ngudn md, Bao d o tai hpi thio Qudc gia lln thd 8, 2005 Phdt triin hi thdng E-learning tgi trudng BH Cdng nghi thdng tin, Ki y l u hdi thio khoa hpc v l E-learning, TP Hd Chi Minh, 12/2006 Md htnh dgy hgc diin tU- mdt edeh tiip edn, KI y l u hdi t h i o qudc gia v i CNTT thing 9/2006, Bai hpc Hul, 2006 Bdn tin DHQG Hd Ndi, sd 169,2005 SUMMARY Touching upon the application of E-learning into learning, the article presents the following: the concept of E-learning; overall characteristics of E-learning; several forms of training; Advantages of E-learning in teaching practices; status of E-learning application in the world and Vietnam at the moment ... the application of E- learning into learning, the article presents the following: the concept of E- learning; overall characteristics of E- learning; several forms of training; Advantages of E- learning. .. i eao nhit eho ngudi hpe 5.Tinh hinh p h i t t r i i n , Cirng dung E- learning tren the gidi va Viet Nam 5.1, Trin the gi&i E- learnIng phit triln khdng ddng d l u tai elc khu vge E- learnIng phat... i m ndi dung v i ning eao chit lupng gllo dgc Ngoii vile tieh ege triln khai E- learnIng tai mdi nudc, gida elc nude Chiu Au ed nhilu sg hpp tie da qudc gla ITnh vge E- learning Biln hinh l i dg