GIAO OOC Kl NJING SONG CHO HOC SINIIIHI HOC N G i OAN I D C I B I SO THONG QUA TINH HUONG ThS NGUYfiN THI THU HANG* Hidn nay, do nhQng khd khdn v l vj tri dja Ii, dilu kign kinh te vdn hda xa hdi, dil[.]
GIAO OOC Kl NJING SONG CHO HOC SINIIIHI HOC N G i OAN I D C I B I SO THONG QUA TINH HUONG ThS H idn nay, nhQng khd khdn v l vj tri dja Ii, dilu kign kinh te - vdn hda - xa hdi, dilu kign day vd hpc tgi cdc tmdng vung cao, vung sau vung xa noi ed nhilu hpe sinh (HS) ngudi ddn toe thieu sd (DTTS) cdn nhilu khd khan ddn den chd't lupng giao due ndi ehung va gido dye kT ndng sdng (GDKNS) ndiridngcd nhung hgn che nhsi djnh Phuong tidn hpe tap, giai tri thie'u ttidn it nhilu gdy trd ngai cho vide td chuc day hpe de giup HS noi ddy hieu bidt ve eudc sd'ng xa hpi xung quanh, tilp can vdi cac vd'n d l xa hdi hidn dai, hinh d cac em nhirng KNS co ban Thuc te ddi hdi gido vien (GV) qua trinh GDKNS eho HS DTTS, ddc bidt la HS tieu hoc phai xdy dung dupc cac tinh hud'ng (TH) vQa gdn vdi ndi dung bdi hpc, vQa mang nhQng net ban sdc van hda ridng ciia tiing ddn tdc ddng thdi gin gui vdi cupc sd'ng hang eua cac em Vi can GDKNS cho HS tie'u hpc DTTS thong qua TH "TH la mpt edu chuyen, ed cdt tmyen va nhdn vdt, lien h$ dd'n mpt hoan canh cy the, tQ gdc dp ea nhdn hay nhdm va thudng la hanh ddng chua hodn chinh Od la mdt edu ehuyen eyttieva chl tiet, chuyen nhQng net sdng ddng va phQc tap eiia ddi sdng thyc vao kjrp hpc" (Boehrer, 1995) Nhin ehung, TH la sy md ta hoac trinh bay m9t tmdng hpp cd ttidt hay md phdng thuc fe nham dua mdf van de chua dupc giai quyet va ddi hdi ngudi dpc (nghe) phai giai quylt Cdn KNS dupc hie'u ehung la kha nang tdm Ii cda ngudi dupc the hign thdng qua hanh ddng lam chu ban thdn, each iimg xd vdi mpi ngudi xung quanh va Qng phd, giai quyet cd higu qua cac TH, cac van d l eudc sd'ng Nhu vay, giQa GDKNS va TH cd mdi quan he chdt che va phu hpp ydi V i ^ sddyng TH cdy nghTa quan trpng ddi vdi GDKNS Thdng qua cac TH, HS dupc tilp can vdi nhQng van dittiyc cila cudc sdng hang ngay, dupc trai nghigm cac van d l , su kidn, mdu thudn khae nhau; biet phdn tich vd'n d l dd' tim giai phap, phdn tich cae giai phap tii dd lya (ki2-1/2013) NGUYfiN THI THU H A N G * ehpn mdt giai phdp tdi uu Do dd, cd the ndi, vide day hpcttidngqua nghien cQu TH giup HS dupc rdn luydn nhilu KNS khae nhau: kT nang giao tilp (khi trinh bay, tranh ludn, neu quan diem v l cac giai phap vdi bgn be, thay ed; cung vdi ban hpp tdc de dua each giai quylt tinh hud'ng), kT ndng tt; nhdn ttiQc (khi ty nhin nhdn, danh gia kha ndng giai quyet vd'n d l cua ban thdn; xde djnh nhirng thudn lpl va khd khan cua ban than), kT nang quyet djnh va giai quyet vd'n d l (khi phdn tich van 6e, dua cde giai phdp; quylt djnh ndi vdttiychign each g i i quy^ TH tmde cac ban vd GV) Quy trinh GDKNS cho HS tie'u hpc DTTS thong qua TH GDKNS dtmdngtie'uhoc khdng dupc bien soan mdt mdn hpc rieng ma dupc tich hpp nhilu mdn hpe cd tilm ndng nhu: Tid'ng Viet, Dao ddc, Tu nhien vi Xa hdi, Khoa hgc Oe tiln hdnh GDKNS cho HStieuhpc DTTSttidngqua TH, chung tdi de xuat quy trinh thyc hien nhu sau: 1) Giai doan 1: Chuan bi 'Xiy di/ng hinh tugng nhan vat - Chpn nhdn vdt: He thd'ng cae nhdn vdt sir dung cac edu chuyen, TH dupc xdy dyng ttidnh bai: bai nhin vat cd'dinh - nhdn vat chinh (xuydn sudt tdt ea cac bai hpc, cd dptajdibdng tudi cua eac HS Idp) va nhin vat tam //7dr'(chixuat hidn mdt vai bai hpc) - Oat ten cho nhdn vdt: Ten cac nhdn vat dupc dat phai phu hop vdi ddi ti/png sdng vung dd Ten nhdn vdt chinh dat gidng vdi ten ngudi dan ldc chiem sd lupng nhilu nhat vung dan cu dd Chang han, ten ddn tdc H'Mdng ttiudng cd hp la: Vang, Sim, ; ten ddn tdc Thai cd hp la: Ld, Cim, Ten cae nhdn vat cdn Igi phong phu hon, gdn vdi nhilu ddn tde khde sinh sdng va ngoai vung - Xdy dung bdi canh xud't hign eho nhdn vat: Nhan vdt ehinh se xud't hign bdi canh mdt gia * Tnieig 9ai hoc sir phan •fialhf c Thai Ngiyii Tap chi Gido due so 302 21 dinh cd hoan canh tmng binh, cung dp tudi vdi HS bp, cd eude sdng sinh hoat gidng vdi nip sinh hoat, hpc tap, lao ddng, van hda ciia DTTS nai dd Cac nhdn vat khae dupc xdy dung nhung hodn canh khae nhau, cd ddc diem ldi sd'ng, kinh t l , sinh hoat, van hda khae va dupc xuat hien thdng qua cac mdi quan he, hoat ddng, tie'p xuc ciia nhdn vdt chinh 'Xay dung TH: Dexdy dyng TH GDKNS gdn vdi ndi dung cac bai hpc can ttiyc hidn theo cae bucc sau: - Nghien cQu muetieuGDKNS da dupc xac djnh bai hpc de lua ehpn muc tidu phu hpp vdi vige tdchQc nghien cuu TH ttidng qua nhdn vat - Nghidn cuu ndi dung kiln thde bai hpc de xdy dyng TH va su dyng mua rdl de dat dupc muc tieu da xdc djnh - Xdy dung kjeh ban eho su xud't hidn lan dau cua nhdn vdt mdn hpc Lln xud't hien rd't quan trgng, nhan vdt dd phai thu hut su chii y cua HS, nhdn dupc su quan tdm, tinh cam cua eac em de tao cam giac mong dpi, kich thich hdng thu hpc tap cua cae em cde bdi hpc sau Trong nhung bdi hpc sau, cac TH se dupe xdy dung vdi cae tinh tilt, mdu thuin xay xung quanh nhdn vdt chinh Mdi TH xay dung gdm phln;^ + Phan ndi dung TH:xkj dung bdi canh, mdu thuin cho suxuat hign cila cac nhdn vdt mdi, cae TH mdi qua hoat ddng hpc tap, sinh hoat, cac mdi quan he cua nhdn vdt chinh Ndi dung cac TH mdi budi hpc phai xud't hidn nhihig mdu thuan xung quanh cae mdi quan he eda nhdn vdt chinh, ed the da ed hode ehua cd each giai quye't, ddi hdi ngudi hpc phai nhdn xet, danh gia, thdm chi cd the dua each giai quye't van de khae cho nhdn vdt; + Phan thio luan sau TH: npi dung thao ludn phai giup HS vQa tai hign hanh ddng, vide lam cua cdc nhdn vdt TH vQa tie'p can each phdn tich van d l nhu: Ban A dang gap chuydn gi?/Ban A da lam vide gi? Cd nhung each lam nao cd the giup A giai quye't van de eua minh? Cai kTiva cai hal tQ vlec lam ddlagi? Em se ehpn each lam nao? 2) Giai doan 2: Mo ta TH va to chuc nghien cuuTH 'GVduara TH: - GV ed the gidi thieu lai nhdn vdt chinh lien quan de'n TH va chud'n bj mdt sdcdu hdi nhdm khoi gpi su ttiam gia, chii y vd td md eiia HS de din ddt vdo ndi dung eiia TH; - Md ta TH bdng ngQ dieu phu hpp, ttii Uioang dQng lai hoae dat ttidm cac cdu hdi de thu hut su chu y, td md cila HS * Td'ehue nghien cuu TH: - GV dua cde edu hdi hudng HS din vide phat hign cac mdi quan he cua nhdn vdt TH Oe hudng dd'n vide nhd'n manh hdnh vi dung, GDKNS eho HS DTTS, GV cd the dat cac cdu hdi ngan gpn, don gian va chia loai: + Cac cdu hoi giup HS tai hign nhdn vat, van d l , mdu thudn TH Vi dy: TH diln d ddu? Cd eae nhdn vat nao TH? Nhdn vdt A dang gap khd khan gi ein giup dd? ; + Cdc cdu hdi giup HS khai thac de hie'u vd'n d l ,tie'pcan de dua eac each giai quyet khae cho van de dd, tQ dd lua chpn mdt giai phap thieh hpp nhat de quyet djnh thyc hign Vi du: Oe giai quye't dupc khd khdn tren, A cd the lam nhQng gi? Neu A lam theo each se ed nhQng khd khdn vd thudn Ipi gi? Neu A lam theo each se cd nhQng khd khdn va thudn kji gi? Theo em, A ndn chpn each giai quyet ndo? Tai sao?., - Cd the eho HS lam philu bai tap cd nhdn hogc thao ludn theo cap v l eac cdu hdi dua ra, GV phai theo ddi, giup dd HS, cd the dua eac edu hdi phy de giup nhQng HS ylu - Td chuc eho HS trinh bay, ndu y kiln, tra ldi trudc Idp Cac nhdm nhdn xet, bd sung va nit kit ludn, 3) Giai doan 3: Tong kit, dinh gii sau nghiin cuu TH: • GV cung HS nhd'n manh nhung van 6e eo ban, trpng tdm cua bdi hpc ma HS can hinh sau nghien cQu TH, nhQng luu y ein thid't van dyng kiln thQc mdi bai vdo xii' Ii cac tinh hudng thuc cua cudc sdng hang ngay; - GV va HS cung nhan xet v l vide tham gia nghidn cQu, giai quyet TH cua cae ca nhdn hode cac nhdm HS Tuyen duong, khen thudng nhQng ea nhan, * Gin ket viec the hien TH vdi ke hoach bii hgc: nhdm cd nhilu cd gdng, ddng gdp qua trinh Vide nghidn ciiu TH ed ttie dupe sd dung vao hoat ttiyc hign dpng dau tidn bet dgy de kich thieh nhdn thQc, de vigc GDKNS cho HS tie'u hpc DTTS ttidng hQng ttiu hoc tap, gdn kit nhung kiln thQc thyc te qua TH dem lai higu qua cao, GV cin luu y mgt sd cac em da cd vdi kiln ttiuc cua bai hpc mdi TH eung did'm sau: -i- TH xay dung phai cd tinh tmyen, ngdn cd ttie dupc su dyng d giQa tilt hpc de HS van dung tQ don gian, gin gui, gdn vdi cudc sd'ng hang ngay^ nhQng tri ttidc mdi nhdm phdn tich, xii Ii TH, cung cua HS tie'u hpe DTTS; + V l vide the' hign TH: Oe cdtrittiQc, ren luydn kTndng va nJt nhQng bai hpc TH ttidm thu hut, phu hpp vdi dac did'm tdm sinh Ii kinh nghiem sdng cho rieng minh va gin gui hon vdi HS tieu hpc ngudi DTTS, GV cd 22 Tap chi Gido due so 302 (ki2-1/2013) t h i the hidn TH ttidng qua hinh thuc mua rd'L Vide chudn bj rdi rat don gian: rdi dupc lam bdng bia hoac bdng vai Vdi rdi bia: GV ehpn cdc manh bia trdng, cdt lupn theo hinh ngudi; sau dd, tiiy ttieo trang phyc eua tQng ddn tpc, theo ddc diem, tinh each cua tiimg nhdn vat ma td mau, ve mdt cho phu hpp Tie'p den, lam mdt vdng trdn nhd phia sau nhdn vdt dd deo vao tay bid'u diln hode chud'n bj nhQng chie'c que nhd dan vao phia sau tQng nhan vdt de bid'u diln rdi que Vdi rdi vai, G V cd the chpn cac manh vai to nhd eho phu hpp vdi kich thude, tim vde cua tQng loai nhdn vdt: ngudi Idn, tre eon, dan dng, phy nQ; sau dd, dung ddy bupc chat mdt tum phia tren lam dau, nhdi them vai vyn phia trong, cdt manh gid'y trdn de ve mat va dan vdo phia dlu, hoac lay xdp lam dau va dung but ve mat cho cac nhdn vdt rdi Vide chud'n bj rdi khdng nhd't thid't phai clu ki Con rdi cd the don gian nhung phai thu hut, hdp din HS d mdt did'm ddc bi^t nao dd trdn khudn mat, hinh the, tddd GV din ddt, dat cdu hdi nghi vd'n de goi van d l , kich thich vigc tim tdi, giai thich nguyen nhdn xud't hidn cua nhQng did'm ddc bigt dd tren rdl; -i- V l each tdchQc cho HS phat hign, nghien ciru TH: GV nen kit hpp thao ludn nhdm nghien cQu TH de Cong tac khuyen hoc (Tieip theo tmng 12) HOi Khuye'n hpc Thanh H6a NhOrng td'm ginmg gia dinh hi£u hpc xiir Thanh (2004-2007) NXB Thanh Hod 2007 Trdn Van Thinh (chu bien) - Trinh M?nh - Le Ba Chiic - Nguyfin The' Long Danh si Thanh Hoi v4 vifc hpc thffi xua NXB Thanh Hod 1995 VO Quang Trpng - Va Ngpc Khinh Huvng mit: Thanh Hda NXB Khoa hpc xd h^i, H 2000 5.1-e Xuan Thanh (trudng hp) "Gia phi ddng hp Le, thOn Chfnh Nghla, xa Nga Phii, huy§n Nga Son, linh Thanh HOa" Hpi ddng nhan dan - Oy ban nhan dan tinh Thanh HOa D|a chf Thanh H6a NXB Vdn hda Thdng tin H.2000 phat trie'n kT nang hpp tde, lam vigc tap the cho HS; ddng thdi, da dang hda each giai quye't van de ciia HS thdng qua cae hogt dpng thyc hanh, trai nghiem: sdm vai, diln kjeh, ve tranh Q Tai lieu tham khao Boehrer, J How to teach a case Kennedy School of Government Case Programme, Case No C18-951285.0 available from, 1995 Nguyin Ngpc Thanh "Nh&ng dac didm tSm if xa hoi cua mOt s6' dan tOc it nguflri phfa BMC vk cOng t4c van dOng quSn chung" T?p chi 7"i3m lihpc, 1/1996, tr 18-24 World Health Organization Life skills Education in schools WHO/MNH/PSF/9.3.7A Rev2 Geneva: WHO, 1997 SUMMARY TTie elementary school students of ethnic minorities are bad in life skill by many causes: The physiological characteristics, geographic location, economic conditions, cultural, social, the educational quality Therefore, the life skills education for the elementary school students of ethnic minorities students is essential and complex This article shares an lltUe approach contributes to life skills education for elementary school students ofethnic minorities Mot SO nhan to Chu quan (Tiep theo trang 18) VQ DQng Tiir diln TSm Ii hpc NXB TUdiin Bdch khoa, H 2009 NguySn Quang Vin T&m If hpc dai cinmg NXB Dgi hpc suphgm Hd N^i, 2005 Hinde, R Towards understanding relationsliips London: Academic Press, 1979 Karmiloff-Smith, A If you want to get ahead, get a theory Cognition, 3(3), 195-212, 1974-1975 Mandler, G Mind and emotion New York: Wiley, 1975 SUMMARY Through the survey of 691 students from four urban and suburban secondary schools in Hanoi and Vinh Phuc Province on the basis of considering subjective factors affecting secondary students 'interest in learning English, we find out that according to SUMMARY students, their ability in learning English is the most important factor followed by the demand oflearning Learning Is to acquire knowledge to develop pro- Bn^sh The differencein students' evaluation of the duction and Improve livelihood Learning is the liridge performances of several subjective factors affecting Ixtween life and religion, for the respect of God in the interest in learning English is caused by the difcombination with patriotism, for the co-existence of ference of living areas Urban students think their Buddhism and Catholics in solidarity and mutual ability oflearning English is better and their demand ofkamlng English is higher than suburban students' devehpment Tap chi Gido due so 302 (ki2-1/2013) 23 ... xung quanh nhdn vdt chinh Mdi TH xay dung gdm phln;^ + Phan ndi dung TH:xkj dung bdi canh, mdu thuin cho suxuat hign cila cac nhdn vdt mdi, cae TH mdi qua hoat ddng hpc tap, sinh hoat, cac mdi quan... eude sdng sinh hoat gidng vdi nip sinh hoat, hpc tap, lao ddng, van hda ciia DTTS nai dd Cac nhdn vat khae dupc xdy dung nhung hodn canh khae nhau, cd ddc diem ldi sd''ng, kinh t l , sinh hoat,... thuan xung quanh cae mdi quan he eda nhdn vdt chinh, ed the da ed hode ehua cd each giai quye''t, ddi hdi ngudi hpc phai nhdn xet, danh gia, thdm chi cd the dua each giai quye''t van de khae cho nhdn