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BIIOC i k VAN DDNG PHUONG T H D C C D I O TRONG OOAN U HDm DONG BHI J i iNG NGHIlP VO SG PHAM Ij BAI GOC OGOC GIA GA NOl 1 Khdi niem CDIO vd ung dyng trong ddo tgo (DT) CDIO (Conceiving hinh thdnh y t[.]
BIIOC i k VAN DDNG PHUONG T H D C CDIO TRONG OOAN U HDm DONG BHI JiiNG NGHIlP VO SG PHAM Ij BAI GOC OGOC GIA GA NOl O ThS NGUYEN KIEU OANH* Khdi niem CDIO vd ung dyng ddo tgo (DT) CDIO (Conceiving hinh thdnh y tudng; Designing - thilt ke y h/dng; Implementing - trien khai fhtj; Operating - van hdnh) Id mdt gidi phdp tdng t h i nhdm ndng coo chd't lupng DT ddp irng nhu edu ciia thyc tien Theo phuong thuc tiep cdn CDIO, viec xdy dyng vd ndng cd'p cdc ehuong trinh DT phdi tudn thu cdc quy trinh khep kin bdt ddu h> khdu xdy dyng chud'n ddu ro, thiet k l khung ehuong trinh, n^l dung cdc mdn hgc, triln khoi OT, den ddnh gid kit qud DT vd quay Igi ddnh gid vd cdi tiln chud'n ddu vd tilp tyc Theo Edward F Crawley, nhiem vy ey t h i cijo phirong thuc CDIO chinh Id tim ro cdc myc tieu tdng qudt (generalizoble), phd cap (universal), hodn chinh (complete) vd hgp ii (rational) cho ngdnh OT, phdn dnh dugc thyc tiln, dua di/oc k l hogch chi tilt cua chuang trinh gidng dgy, gidi thich dupe kit qud ddnh gid hpc tap; dp dyng cho td't cd cdc mdn hpc vd d l ddng phii hpp vdi cdc ehuong trinh OT eiia td't cd cdc h-udng hpc Chud'n ddu ro eua ngdnh OT dd triln khoi phuong tht/c tilp cdn CDIO (cdn dupe gpi Id ndng lye CDIO) Id kit qud h'ch hpp cdc «kT ndng cirng" vd «kT ndng mem' t h i hien d cdc kiln thuc nghe vd logic nghe nghiep; kl ndng vd phdm chd't ed nhdn cung vdi cdc kx ndng t/ng xi> vd giao tilp (Idm viec nhdm) dirge ddo luyen mdt mdi trudng hreng hj thyc t l O l cdng nhdn mdt chirong trinh DT dd triln khoi theo phuong thirc CDIO cdn dd'i chilu vdi 12 tieu chud'n cua CDIO (xem bang) Nhung tieu chudn ndy cd the van dyng cho mgi khdi ngdnh vd trd thdnh eo sd cho viec ddi mdi quy trinh DT vd phye vy cdc co sd DT eOng nhu tirng ed nhdn tham gia vdo chu trinh OT bdc dgi hpc (OH) vd sou DH, ddng thdi Id co sd cho viec kilm djnh vd ddm bdo chd't luong GD-DT chuyen mdn ngdnh vd ldp ludn kt thudt ngdnh (technical knowledge and reasoning); 2) KT ndng cd nhdn vd nghe nghiep, phdm chd't (professional and personal skills and attitudes); 3) KT ndng giao tiep vd bdn ttnh giao tilp (interpersonal skills and attitudes); 4) Kien thirc, kT ndng CDIO xd hoi vd don vj (CDIO in social and enterprise context) Ba nhdm kien thirc, kT ndng ddu Idm nIn tdng cho nhdm kiln thuc, kT ndng thu NghTa Id, SV td't nghiep se dgt dupe C-D-l-O: hinh thdnh y tudng - thiet key tuong - thuc hien - van hdnh Mye tieu OT CDIO Id hudng tdi viec giiip SV co dupe kr ndng cung vd mem cdn thiet trudng, ddp ung yeu edu, ddi hdi cua xd hdi (XH) cung nhu bat nhjp duoc vdi nhOng thay ddi vdn rdt nhanh cua thyc tiln ddi song XH Nhung SV gidi ed the Idm ehu, dan ddt sy thay ddi Phuong thuc tiep cdn CDIO gdn kit dugc OT vdi yeu edu cua ngudi tuyln dyng, thu hep sy khdc biet giua trinh dp dupe DT d nhd trudng vd trinh dp dupe yeu edu cua ngudi su dyng; giup ngudi hpc nhanh chdng thich irng vdi mdi trudng Idm viec; ddm bdo cdc ehuong trinh OT dupe xdy dyng vd thilt k l chud'n; cdc giai dogn DT lien thdng vd gdn kit chdt che ve khoa hgc; ndng cao hiSu qud vd gdp phdn ndng coo chd't lupng GDDH Dupe OT theo nDO hinh CDIO, sinh vien (SV) cdn ddt nhirng bdn yeu edu chinh sou: 1) Kiln thirc ' Bai hoc que gia Na Noi TT riiuchulin N6i dung cua CDO Son phAm ctia chucng Innft CDIO Chuang tnnh lich ttop Gidi IhiAu vi cdnq ncfti Dao lao vi Ihtli kd va d y ckjng e Udi icuong hoc t i p cua COiO Ticti hop cAc knh ntttttm hoc I t o Hoc Up chu tttng 10 11 12 cac gang viAn \»ng cutmg img Ajna cAc kl n^K] CDiO N&ng cao nang \\K cua ^ang v>dn Danh cya cAc kl nang COiO Ddnh gia chuang irlnh CDtO H0I durtfl CO ban GW>IW|Cha_D 1,0 Ub ta nhOng tn thuc kl ntng va Vtai 04 cua i:ac kl su tiudnq (san phlm CDK)1 Otup cac kl sif dai Aigc M u chudn ^ Cdc ndn hoc h6 Ire cho Kong m^l k< hoach vd l ( J r l r t i IMi hoc idpfhSI hyp MdnhQCmoddu Cac hoai [»ng kl (hudi t i p Irung vdo qud binh phai ndn hd M n q mei vd tan phim mdi Mdi irudng hA trg ng nhdm ngdnh DT vd dua dupe mpt sd net khdc biet dde thu eua moi nhdm ngdnh DT, chiing tdi dd tiln hdnh dieu tra chpn mau khdo sdt nhdm phye vy myc tieu tim hieu thyc trgng hogt ddng BD NVSP cho GV d cdc eo sd GDOH iheo lung nhdm ngdnh DT Tgi dja bdn Hd Ndi, chung tdi dd chpn 449 mdu (76,1 %) tgi cdc trudng OH thdnh vien cua DHQGHN (DH Khoa hoc Xa hdi vd Nhdn vdn, OH KHTN, DH Ngogi NgO, DH Cdng nghe, DH Gido dye) vd Trudng DH Kinh t l qudc ddn, Trudng DH Bdeh khoa Hd Ndi O dja bdn Dd Ndng, chgn 72 mau (12,2%) tgp trung tgi Trudng DHSP Dd Nang vd d TP Hd Chi Minh, d9 mau (11,7%) tdp trung d Trudng DHSP KT thudt vd Trudng OH KHTN thudc DHQG TP Hd Chi Minh Cdc mau khdo sdt dupe phdn theo nhdm ngdnh DT; ti le giCra cdc nhdm ngdnh Id khd ddng deu, trir nhdm ngdnh KHXH&NV (33%), cdc nhdm ngdnh khdc dao ddng tu 20,5-23,7% Ti le nhu vdy Id hgp If giup cho chung tdi cd t h i tiln hdnh so Tu y nghTa cua edeh tilp cdn CDIO xdy sdnh su gidng vd khdc gii/a cdc nhdm ngdnh dyng, phdt triln ehuong trinh OT, cd t h i khdi qudt DT Tuong quan theo nhdm ngdnh DTvd viec tham y nghTa cua each tilp cdn CDIO id chiic vd qudn Ii hogt ddng BD NVSP cho GVOH nhu sou: gia cae hogt dgng BD NVSP cua GV t h i hien rd 1) Cdch tilp cdn CDIO thyc chd't Id cdeh tilp cdn sir khdc biet Dilm ndi bdt ddu tien thudc v l nhdm BDGV theo muc tieu cua co so GDDH vd nhu cau ngdnh Kinh te, tdng so 131 dd'i tupng thudc aja GV bdi ednh chuyen song phuong thuc nhdm ngdnh ndy thi cd d i n 117 trudng hgp dd OT iheo tin chi, dd gdp phdn ndng coo tinh Ipi tham gia BD NVSP, chi cd 14 trudng hgp ehua ich, tinh hi§u qud cue hogt ddng BD NVSP, thdng h i tham gia Ddy Id mdt so khd d'n tugng vd Ap dvng phuong thuc tilp can CDIO vdo qudn Ii hogt d$ng bdi dudng (BD) nghif p vy su pham (NVSP) cho gidng vien dai hoc (GVOH) Nhu dd trinh bdy d tren, vifc td chuc vd qudn Ii hogt ddng BD NVSP cho GVOH theo edeh tilp cdn CDIO Id mdi me, ddi hdi tudn thu cdc quy trinh mgt each chdt che: xdy dyng chud'n ddu ra, thiet k l khung ehuong trinh BD vd td chuc hogt ddng BD, ddng thdi ddnh gid kit qud hpc tgp cua GV cung nhu todn bp ehuong trinh BD Thyc te d cdc CO sd GDDH cua Viet Nam thdi gian qua cho thdy, hogt ddng BD NVSP ehua thyc sy gdn liln vdi nhu edu thyc tiln nen cdc co sd GDDH ludn ludn phdi td chuc BD, bd sung kiln thuc, kT ndng cho GV sou tuyln dyng, nhu t h i mdi ddp ung dugc yeu edu eua cdng tdc OT Trong dd, nlu td chuc hogt ddng BD NVSP cho GV theo edeh tilp cgn CDIO, viec BD se bdi bdn, hieu qud vd bin vOng hon vl dupe dya tren kit qud khdo sdt thyc tien, nhu edu eua xa hdi, cua GV vd dde biet Id tren eo sd chud'n BD NVSP cho GV theo nhdm ngdnh DT dupe cdc cd'p bd ngdnh xdy dyng vd phS duyet To chirc hogt ddng BD theo each tilp cgn CDIO - chud'n ddu ra, se giup GV phdt triln todn dien vdi cdc «kT ndng cung" vd « kT ndng mem" d l nhanh chdng thich irng vdi phuong thirc OT theo tin chi, mdt phuong thirc OT ddi hdi su tuong tdc rdt Idn glba GV vd SV; CDIO ddm bdo GV se dugc cgp nhgt, bd sung v l kT ndng nghiSp vy vd thai dp dd'i vdi nghi nghiep, tudn theo cdc phuong phdp gidng dgy tien tiln, ddp ung tieu chud'n ve nghign ciru khoa hpc, vdy se gdp phdn tgo ro dupe mdt dpi ngu GV chd't lupng coo, dgt chudn qudc le; CDIO se giup cdc ehuong trinh BD dugc xdy dyng vd thilt k l theo mdt quy trinh chudn Cdc cdng dogn eua qud trinh BD se cd tinh lien thdng vd gdn kit chdt che; Cdeh tilp cdn CDIO Id edeh tilp cdn phdt triln, gdn phdt trien ehuong trinh BD vdi viec td chuc BD, ehuyin giao kiln thirc, ndng lye vd ddnh gid hieu qud hogt dpng BD NVSP Tap chi Glao due so 0 (in a - la/aoia) mong nhieu y nghTa Nhdm ngdnh Kinh te ddi hdi sy nhgy ben, linh hogt gdn lien vdi mdi trudng sol ddng, khdc nghiet Chinh vi vdy, hogt ddng DT BD NVSP Id d i l u khdng the thiiu de giup GV ed ddy du nhung kT ndng vd phuong phdp td't nhd't gidng dgy Nhdm ngdnh OT cd ti le GV tham gia BD NVSP coo thu Id KHXH&NV: 103 trudng hgp tham gia vd 79 trudng hpp ehua tham gia tdng sd 182 trudng hpp (xdp xi 2/3) - mdt ti le khd cao Ddng ehu y nhd't bang tuong quan ndy Id muc dp tham gia eua nhdm ngdnh KHTN vd KHKT, vdi ti lg tham gia Id 50% - thd'p nhd't nhdm ngdnh Theo chung tdi, sy khdc biet v l tinh chd't nghi nghiep dd tgo thyc trgng khdc biet ve BD NVSP Nhdm ngdnh KHTN vd KHKT cdn nhilu han kT ndng thyc hdnh hon Id Ii thuylt, dd ndi dung cOa chuang trinh BD NVSP hien vdn thien v l Ii thuylt Cd le chinh vi the md ti le tham gio vdo cdc hogt ddng ndy cua nhdm ngdnh KHTN vd KHKT khd thd'p Mdt dilm khd ihu vj md chung tdi phdt hien dupe Id sd Idn tham gia BD NVSP eua GV giira cdc nhdm ngdnh DT khdng cd sy tuong ddng Nhdm ngdnh Kinh te chilm ti le cao nhd't, tilp d i n Id nhdm ngdnh KHXH&NV vd thd'p nhd't Id hai nhdm ngdnh KHTN vd KHKT Tuy nhien, xem xet tuong quan v l so Idn GV tham gia BD NVSP thi eye dien dd thay dd'i Cd t h i nhdn thdy, sd luong GV tham gio vdo cdc hogt dpng BD eua hoi nhdm ngdnh KHXH&NV vd KHKT Id thd'p hon nhung tdn sud't tham gio vdo cdc hogt ddng ndy thi coo hon hdn hoi ngdnh cdn Igi Dilu ndy t h i hien qua cdc sd Ii6u sou: dd'i vdi trudng hop tham gia Idn, nhdm ngdnh KHKT chilm din 42,9%, nhdm ngdnh KHXH&NV chilm 2d,2%; vdi trudng hgp Idn thi nhdm ngdnh KHKT vd KHXH&NV ciing chilm 41,7% vd d mire Idn vd d Idn thi nhdm ngdnh KHXH&NV vd KHKT chia d hai vj tri nhd't Mdt khdc, nhdm ngdnh Kinh t l mde dii cd sd lupng GV tham gia nhilu nhd't nhung tdi da chi dgt den Idn tham gia Nhu vdy, cd the thdy rang, xu hudng GV tham gia BD NVSP cua cdc nhdm ngdnh OT Id khdc E)dy chinh Id mdt nhirng co sd cdn thilt d l Idm cdn eu xdy dyng nhOrng dde dilm dde thu qud trinh qudn If hogt ddng BD NVSP dd'i vdi tung nhdm ngdnh OT khdc tuong kii Mdt so' d l xud't ve xdy dyng chudn BD NVSP cho GV theo tung nhdm ngdnh DT Kit qud ddnh gid tren cho thdy, viec xde dinh chudn BD NVSP cho h>ng ngdnh DT Id viSc Idm cdn thilt nhdm ddm bdo tfnh thilt thyc, hifu qud cua hogt ddng BD NVSP cho GVOH ddp irng dupe dung vd trung vdi nhu edu ngudn nhdn lye (NNL) chd't lupng coo cua xd hdi Trong qud trinh xdy dung chud'n BD NVSP cho GVDH cdn ehu y cdc ndi dung sou: 1) Vai trd cua GV: GV cdn no lye phdn ddu thyc hien that td't vai trd: - Vai trd nhd gido: Ddy Id vol trd truyin thd'ng nhung quan trpng hdng ddu ddi vdi mdt GV Mdt GV gidi phdi hpi ty du nhdm kiln thuc sou: kiln thuc chuyen ngdnh dang gidng dgy; kiln thirc ve chuang trinh DT; kiln thuc v l kTndng dgy vd hpc; kiln thirc ve mdi trudng gido dye myc tieu gido dye khdi kiln thuc co bdn nhd't idm nen tdng cho cdc hogt ddng day vd hpc, giup cho viec gidng day cua GV dung djnh hudng vd cd y nghTa xd hdi - VOI trd nhd khoa bgc: GV cdn thuc hiSn cdc hogt ddng nghien cuu khoa hgc mang tinh tdng kit Ii thuylt ngdnh vd tim ro nhirng hudng ung dyng cua cdc Ii thuylt ndy vl§c gidng dgy VOI trd nhd cung cap djeh vu: £)dy Id mdt vol trd md xd hdi ddnh gid cao vd ki vpng d GV cdc trudng OH dde biet Id trudng DH djnh hudng nghien cuu O vol trd ndy, GV cung ung cdc djeh vy, cdc sdn phdm khoa hgc cdng nghe cua minh cho nhd trudng, cho SV vd cho cdc td chuc KTXH, vd thorn gia cdng tdc qudn Ii cdc td chirc kinh t l cua nhd trudng Vdn de cd'p bdeh dupe dgt Id cdc nhd Idnh dgo, qudn Ii cdc co sd GDOH cdn phdi xdy dyng ndi dung ehuong trinh BD NVSP cho GV nhu thi ndo de cung cd'p ddy du cdc kiln thuc, kT ndng v l chuyen mdn, nghiep vy, giup GV thyc hien dupe tot hon bo vai trd ndi tren 2} Nang cao nhdn thuc cua GV Nhu edu v i BD vd ty BD NVSP cua GV deu xud't phdt tCr nhdn thuc ciia GV Nhdn thirc chinh Id co sd eua thdi dd hdnh vi, cho nen viee tdc ddng vdo nhdn ihirc cua GV chinh Id co sd de dan den hdnh vi diing ddn eua GV GV cdng xde dinh vd nhin nhdn dung tdm quan trpng cua viec BD NVSP thi se cdng xdy dyng cho minh dpng co dung ddn hon d l chu dpng tham gia vdo cdc hogt ddng BD NVSP nhd trudng td chiie cung nhu ty ren luyen, trou ddi kT ndng gidng dgy Tap ehi Giao due so 0 (in a - la/aon) cda bdn ihdn hudng Idl mye tiSu ndng coo chdt iu