A'''' '''' ''''iyh iT I iifi I I I I I I I ''''\iiiiCn>i4 Pi SO 3 2012 LkMvoHQc — — JNCAYNAY , /V I »^\ Giao nhiem vp ve nha giai doan the hien ro net tmh tmh cidc trong day hpc hien nay (Vi dij cho d^y hqc truy$[.]
iT I iifi I .I I.I I I A'-'-.-'iyh I '\iiiiCn>i4 Pi SO 3-2012 LkMvoHQc — — JNCAYNAY ,/V I »^\ Giao nhiem vp ve nha - giai doan the hien ro net tmh tmh cidc day hpc hien (Vi dij cho d^y hqc truy$n ngin hi$n d^i Vi$t Nam d THPT) BUI TUV PHUONG Ldp CH 16-LL vd PPGD NgO vdn - Dpi hpc C i n Thd I DAT V A N DE M6t gid day (gid lin Idp) duge chia lim bin giai doan: Giai doan md diu tiit hge; Giai doan nghiin cdu tii lieu mdi; Giai doan cung ci kiin thdc vi Giai doan giao nhiem vu ve nhi [4] Vdy xdt v l mat ly ludn day hpc giai dopn giao nhiem v l nhd Id mdt khdu khdng the thieu cho mdt tiet hpc, Quan trpng hdn, nd edn dQpc coi Id khdu chf dpo md gido vien (GV) hQdng den cdc hopt ddng hpc ngodi trQdng cua hpc sinh (HS), ThQc te, giai doan Giao nhiem vu vi nhi cho HS,cdn nhieu van d l can phai ban thao, Khao sat qua thiit ki boat dgng day - hgcva dugid d mdn NgO vdn bdc THPT ndi chung, chung tdi nhdn thay phan Idn GV ft chu '^ den c h i l u sau cua boat ddng ndy, Cud'i t i l t dpy GV thQdng "dan dd" HS mdt cdch ngdn gpn: Ve xem lai bii, chuin bj soan bii hgc tiip theo, _Tren thiit ki boat dgng day hgc giai doan ndy thQdng dQpc ghi b i n g cym tQ "d^n dd" vd the hien bang mdt ddng n g i n ngui: Vi nhi hge bii vi scan bii tiip theo Hpc bdi nhQ the ndo, can Idm gi thdm ngodi vi^e tra Idi nhOng cdu hdi khd khan phfa sau bdi hpc, soan bdi mdi c i n chQ y nhOng gl, dpc thdm cdi gi, lien hp thyc te sao.,,diu khdng dQpc gido vidn hQdng dan, TQ dd, dan den hi^n tQpng HS v l nhd khdng b i l t hpc bdi, chuan bj bdi theo loi mdn xQa nay, Vi^c chdp tQ sach gido khoa (SGK), sdeh giai bdi tdp, t$p cu (cua HS nhOng ndm trQdc dd) Id d i l u khdng t h i trdnh khdi Vd nhQ t h i , thdi gian ty hpc cua HS khdng cd gl khde "xQa" Ndi theo If ludn dpy hpc, hau nhQ khdng cd sQ chf dpo cua thay doi vdi viec hpc ngodi trQdng cCia HS Cho den nay, hau nhQ da s l GV van chQa ddnh gid dQpc tam quan trpng cQa giai doan ty hpc d nhd cua HS qua trinh day hpc (QTDH) cho nen hp phdn b l thdi gian khdng hpp ly giOa cdc giai dopn mdt tiet hpc Cung cd the, giai doan ndy n i m d cuoi t i l t nen cd GV vd HS d i u mdi met, ,dan den viec GV thQc hien cho "cd" Thdi IQpng GV ddnh cho hoat ddng ay cung rat ft Van d l dat Id ngQdi GV can hieu rd vai trd cua minh viec djnh hQdng cho HS tQ hpc, mdt nhi^m vy can thiet vd ca'p bach viec thay ddi phQdng phap dpy hpc (PPDH) hi$n II Y NGHIA v i LY LUAN DAY HQC QUA GIAI DOAN "GIAO NHIEM v y VE NHA " Ai cung bilt, HS di hpc thi phai tQ hpc d nhd Song, ty hpc d nhd nhQ t h i ndo thi khdng phai cung biet Loi mdn XQa nay, hpc d nhd Id tra Idi nhQng cdu hdi ciia SGK, Idm mpt s l bdi tdp, hpc thudc Idng, Ldm may cdng vi^c dd xong, dQa tre coi nhQ "hodn thdnh nhipm vy", dope phdp di chdi, NhOng HS gidi thi thQc hien nhi^m vg rat nhanh cdn nhOng HS kdm thi n g i i mai md khdng Idm dope gl, chf "ngheu ngao hpc thudc long" cung khdng xong! NhQng "mpnh Ipnh" nhp nhdng nhQ tren, cd the noi khdng c i n GV n h i c nhd HS cung b i l t lam gl nhd vl Id "truyin t h i n g " V l thdi gian, GV khdng can ddnh rieng cho giai dopn ndy md chf can cd hi$u Ipnh gidi lao, noi v^i vdi cdu cung xong! Cd t h i n h i c Ipi hai y nghTa LLDH chlnh cua vipc ti/ hpc d nhd nhQ sau: M^t li, v l k i l n thQc vd kT ndng: HS tQ dn tdp ty luypn t$p nhOng gl da dQpc hpc bdi trQdc, cd k i t n l i vdi hd thd'ng k i l n thQc mdn hpc, Idm c l u n l i de chuoi cdc ddn vj k i l n thQc (cae bdi hpc) dQpc lidn tyc Hal li, v l thdi d$: Trong dpy hpc doi mdi thdi gian tii hpc d nhd cdn Id cd h|i t h i hi^n sQ chl dpo cQa GV doi vdi HS, d$c bi$t Id cd h|i d l phdt huy tfnh ty lye, sQ tim tdi, tQ md r|ng k i l n thQc va thdch thQc tfnh nang dpng cua HS md gid hpc chQa phat huy dope hit Trong dpy hpc tfch cQc, ngQdi ta r l t coi trpng cac hopt dpng hpc cua HS n h l m tdng cQdng tfnh nang dpng ciJa cdc em vdi phQdng chdm "hpc thdng qua hdnh d|ng° Trong Idp, HS dQpc hopt ddng r l t hpn che thdi gian t i l t hpc cd hpn, VI v^y cdc hopt dpng hpc tfch c\fc ddnh cho HS tQ hpc nhd Tuy nhien, mud'n hopt dpng dQpc, HS can cd sQ hQdng dan cua GV d cuoi t i l t hpc giai dopn "giao nhi$m vy v l nhd" Ngoai nhOng nhiem vy "truyin thdng", cd t h i ke mpt s l cdng vide cd t h i giao cho HS hpc d nha nhQ sau: Tim vd dpc tdi li^u (cd chf djnh ciia GV) d l md rOng bdi cu hope chuan bj cho bdi mdi TQ Idm d l dQng d?y hpc ddn gian (ve tranh, l|p s63-2o^2 'AHQC JN( NGAY NAY ••" '- 41 -'1 bang, Idm thf nghiem, md hlnh ) Tim hieu thQc te (sQu tap, tim cdc Qng dyng, hien tQdng xa hdi, tQ nhien lien quan tdi bdi hpc vd giai thfch hoac gidi thieu ) Bdi tap, cau hdi kham pha, nhiem vu trao dd'i nhdm cho them (Cdc k i t qua deu phai ghi chep de kiem tra gid hpc sau.) Trong mdt vdi phut cho giai doan giao nhidm vy v l nhd GV edn cd the hQdng d i n cdch hpc nhQng van d l khd, dfnh chfnh nhOng chd chQa chfnh xde hope "dja phQdng hda" mdt so bdi tap, cau hdi SGK cho phQ hpp v v Cy the mdt so cdng vipc cho cdc gid dpy hpc NgO Vdn cd t h i Id: - Dpc them v l tdc gia, van hpe sQ, thdm chf dpc lai tdi lieu Ijch sQ, van hda cd lien quan d l phdt trien tu thdng qua md rdng kien thQc [ Dinh hQdng cua Marzano], Ve bang tong hpp giai doan van hpc, so sdnh nhdn vdt, tdc gia SQu tap ca dao, ngan ngO, _ - Sdng tdc, thay doi ket luan mdt cdu chuyen, Idm thd khao dj SQU tap hlnh anh theo chu d l hodc ve chdn dung cac nhdn vat chinh tdc pham dang hpc - Ldm them cdc nhiem vy: trao dd'i nhdm, lap philu GV ydu cau cQng nhQ chuan bj bdi mdi cd hQdng dan Da so GV khdng nhic nhd d i n viec hpc cung nhu cdch hpc cua tQng loai HS, D i l u ndy ddc biet can thie't cho cdc trudng vung sdu bdi vi sQ chdnh lech ve hpc iQc cung nhQ v l phQdng phap hpc cua cdc em Idp khd cao, HS ddn tpc, HS y l u kem chie'm tf le cao rat can sQ hQdng d i n cy the cua GV, Bay nhidu cdng vide (vd khdng chf thi), ddi hdi ngQdi GV phdi cd "vdn" ddng thdi phdi dpc them, trao ddi them vdi ddng nghipp rd't nhieu mdi ddp Qng dQpc cho mpt vdi phut (giao nhi^m vu v l nhd" Tat nhidn khdng phai bdi hpc ndo cung cd cdc nhipm vu tren, Ldm gl, chuan bj gi,,, cdn ndi dung bdi da hpc vd bdi sdp hpc, GV tu chpn, tQ sang tao, Cd le day Id nguyen nhan chfnh de giai doan "giao nhipm vy ve nhd" khdng dQpc sQ dyng tript de d nhieu GV chdng? III MQT SO VI DU CHO VIEC Tl^ HQC NHA CUA HS (trong day - hpc tac pha'm van hpc) Cd the can cQ vdo cdc bdc ddnh gia cua Bloom ve tri thQc vd thdi dp hpc tap thdng qua nhOng cdng viec d nhd nhQ cdc vf du dQdi day cho cdc t i l t day-hpe tdc pham, Cac dang npi dung phieu hpc tap - Phiiu /,Tlm hieu cudc ddi vd sQ nghiep van hpe eua tdc gia (bie't - hieu) - Phieu 1: Tim hieu cuoc dai va sy nghiep van hoc cua tac gia (biSt - hieu) _ ( Tieu su va Cddi ^ ^^ ^ < Danh gia vj tri ciia TG nen VH " ^ ^ ^ J ^^s/^ (^^"^ PCNThoacQNNT Ddng gop cho VH ^ Sir nghiep VH - ' ' / Phieu 2: Tom tat tac pham (biet - hieu) Tdc pham: Ten HS (hodc nhdm): Nhiem vu: Hdy tdm tdt tdc pham vd Hit ki nhiing su kiin md em cho la quan trgng tdc pham ndy Tom tat: Nhitng s{e kien quan trpng: Wu'rW^^^^'^^m^m^m s63-2012 DauvdHoc Phidu 3:T6m Ifit cot liriycn Ihco so (mot vi du)- (ivcl, hieu) Ten HS: Ten tiic phAni TJIC gia Noi vci thai gian xay cliiiycn Nhan vai Cac nhan v^l chinh T^Jlian vai Sukien ma dau Nhan vat Niiiin vnl Nhan vat Cdc sir kifn va nhdn vgt Nhan vat -Suy nghT: ,, -(ji;ii quyet: -Suy nghT: , -Giai quyet: -Suy nghT: -Giai quyet: -Suy nghT: , Nhan vat Nhan vat -Giai quyet: -Suy nghT: -Giai qu\ct: Ket cue cau chuyen: Phieu 4: Phan tich tac pham (phdn tich tong hap) Tdc pham: Ten HS (hodc nhdm): Nhiem vu: Ldm theo nhirng yiu cdu phia dual Dieu tam dac nhat cua em cau chuydn (ngi dung, nghe thudO Dat cdu hoi: Hdy dat it nhat cau hoi ve nhitng sir ki^n xdy ra, ve nhdn vgt Nhan xet ngdn ggn ve vdn phong ciia tdc gid: Tdc pham: Ten HS (hoac nhdm): Nhiem vu: Tim mot so tit md em cho Id dgc biet, ddnh ddu vd ghi ngdn gon vdo bdng du&i t STT Tit Trang, doan Mai Quan trong TP BPTT* Kho hieu NghTa ciia tir theo cdch ("dich nghia") ciia em DaUvaHOC SO 3-2012 L I W l l ằ/NGAY NAY 'i.::^^^i>';;.i:Y'^^^i^fĐ .ôằ,ôôô_ *BPTT: bien phap tu tuPhieu 6: Lien he, danh gia 43 (van dung) Tdc pham: Ten HS (hoac nhdm): Nhiem vu: Hdy ddnh gid tdc pham theo hirang ddn dudi day Ghi it nhdt suldcn thur nu'i cm biet thuoc hoi canli, llioi gian ciia can chuyin: J Ghi it nhdt sir l^ien thuc iii^ay md cm hict tirong lif iroiii^ ldc pham: Ghi it nluit tdc pham (hdt ki) co ngi dung tu tirang tuang tie lac pham ndy - Phieu 7: Lap so" tinh each nhan vat (phdn tich, tong hffp) Tdcphdm: Ten HS (hoac nhdm): Nhiem vn: Hdy viet cdc tir hodc cum vao cdc hieu dien tinh cdch nhdn vdt Ngoai hinh nhan vat: Cuoc song: Mpt so hoat dong bo trd cho bai da hoc hoac bai sap hoc Ve tranh theo tUOng tUdng ve nhin vat tie pham (Phan tich, tong hap) Dd'i vdi cdc dang ndy, GV cho HS hoat dpng theo nhdm md «hat nhdn» Id mdt HS cd kha nang ve (khdng nhat thilt phai dep) HS «hat nhdn se ve theo tri tQdng tQdng cd nhdn vd sQ gdp y cua nhdm Sau dd «hat nhdn» se trinh bdy trQdc nhdm bQc hpa cua minh trQdc nhdm, tu chfnh theo gdp y de chuan bj «trien lam» gid hpc tdi Hoat ddng chic chin se rat thu vj vd day y nghTa gido dye ca v l tri thQc, sQ cam nhan Ian tham mT cua HS - SQu tap tranh anh vdi chu d l cua tac pham (van dyng) - SQU tap truyen (hoac sdch) cd ehu de tQdng ty tdc pham dang hpc (van dyng) LUUy Thdng thQdng, vi nhilu li do, dd cd If thdi quen hpc bdi theo kieu cu, HS rat ngai lam nhQng dilu mdi me nhu cdc vf dy tren Cd the luc dau, cdc em se rat khd hodn thdnh nhiem vu d nhd vdi nhilu hoat dpng cd sac thdi khde nhu vpy Vi vdy, hai van de can dat cho cdc nhiem vu d nhd giao cho HS Id: - Can cdn nhac tfnh vQa sQc ca v l ndi dung ldn khoi IQpng cdng viec ddi vdi HS - Can thQdng xuyen kilm tra nhiem vy d nhd (trong cdc tilt hpe sau) nham the hien tfnh k i t ndi giOa nhipm vy HS da Idm vdi eae bdi hpc vQa id bien phdp de «budc» HS phai Idm viec, hodn thdnh nhipm vu d nhd Nhieu trudng hpp, ta chf can bilt cdc em cd hopt ddng d nhd md khdng iQu tdm nhilu d i n k i t qua IV KET LUAN Viec thQc hien day du cdc giai doan cua mpt tilt hpc khdng phai Id mpt bat bupc cQng nhac, hlnh thQc (nhQ bQdc len Idp trQdc kia) Trong mpt gid len Idp giai doan ndo cung cd nhOng myc dfch, chQc nang LLDH rieng cua nd Giai doan ndo can thuc hien nhQ the ndo cdn la mpt sQ sdng tao eua GV, mdt da suy xet kTmdi quan he LLDH giQa npi dung bdi hpc vd viec thyc hien cdc PPDH tfch cQc, hay cd the gpi la: md'i quan he giOa tri thQc, kTndng vd cdc hopt dpng hpc tap Khi thilt ke gido dn, G V phai chu y phdn bd thdi gian cho hpp If giQa cdc giai doan, thiet ke ca ede nhipm vy v l nhd cy the d giai doan «giao nhiem vy ve nhd» d l khdng quen (ke ca nhQng cdng viec khde nhQ d myc da neu), TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Francis P Hunkins: Teaching Thinking Through Effective Questioning Christopher-GordanPublisshers, IncNonwood, MA 1995 Robert J Marzano- Debra J Pickering - Jane E Pollock: Cic phuang phap day hgc hieu qua (ngudi dich Hong Lpc), NXB Giao dye, H 2005, Le PhQdc Lpc: Ljfluan dayhgcDai hoc Can Tho, 2004 Le PhQcic Lpc: Ly lu$n day hgc Dai hgc (bii giang bang PowerPoint cho eae Idp Cao hge - Dai hge Cin Tha) Nguyin Thj Hong Nam: Cau hoi hudng dan HSdgchleu van dan Tpp chf Khoa hoc hoc va Cong nghe, Dai hoc Thai Nguyen, tap 73, so 11,2010, Tran Dinh S0(t6ng chQ bien): Ngdvan 12, tap2 Nxb Giao due, H,2008 Nguyin Thanh Thi (chu bien), Ti/hgc va ti/klim tra Ngdvan 12 (tap 2) Nxb Dai hoc sUphamTp Ho Chf Minh, 2011, ... Nhan vat -Suy nghT: ,, -(ji;ii quyet: -Suy nghT: , -Giai quyet: -Suy nghT: -Giai quyet: -Suy nghT: , Nhan vat Nhan vat -Giai quyet: -Suy nghT: -Giai qu\ct: Ket cue cau chuyen: Phieu 4: Phan tich... Cd le day Id nguyen nhan chfnh de giai doan "giao nhipm vy ve nhd" khdng dQpc sQ dyng tript de d nhieu GV chdng? III MQT SO VI DU CHO VIEC Tl^ HQC NHA CUA HS (trong day - hpc tac pha''m van hpc)... trao dd''i nhdm cho them (Cdc k i t qua deu phai ghi chep de kiem tra gid hpc sau.) Trong mdt vdi phut cho giai doan giao nhidm vy v l nhd GV edn cd the hQdng d i n cdch hpc nhQng van d l khd, dfnh