36 ^ ^ ^ f • ^ ^ '''' ; MMMMkMn SO 3 2012 ^yi vaHpC NGAYNAY Bien phap quan trong de nang cao hieu qua bai hoc lich suf Gf TriTofng THCS hien nay v u HONG THCfM TrQdng THCS Thj trd''''n ThQa LQdng Tdi, Bdc N[.]
36 ^^ ^f•^^'; SO 3-2012 MMMMkMn ^yi vaHpC NGAYNAY Bien phap quan de nang cao hieu qua bai hoc lich suf Gf TriTofng THCS hien v u HONG THCfM TrQdng THCS Thj trd'n ThQa L jch sQ Id nhOng sQ kipn cy t h i da diln qud khQ, Dd la k i t qua hopt dpng cua ngQdi theo dull nhQng myc dfch nhd't djnh khdng gian vd thdi gian xde dinh, vdi nhOng dilu kidn cy t h i vd khdng lap Ipi nhQ cu, Hpc lich sQ khdng phai Id hpc todn bp khoa hpc ljch sQ, md Id hpc nhQng sQ kien, hien tQpng chpn Ipc, diln hlnh du d l khdi phye nhQng net cd ban ciJa qud khQ, VI t h i doi vdi bp mdn Ljch sQ d THCS, viec tao d hpc sinh nhQng hlnh anh chdn thyc, cy the vd sinh ddng v l cdc sQ kien, hien tQpng, khdi phye lai chdn dung cdc nhdn vdt Ijch sQ vd nhOng boat ddng cCia hp nhQng dieu kien nhat dinh Id mdt myc tieu, yeu cau quan trpng cua mdn hpe, Xuat phdt tQ dac diem tQ eua hpc sinh d THCS cdn han che, vipc nhdn thQc cdc van d l Ijch sQ can dQpc tien hdnh cu the, sinh ddng de giup hpc sinh cd nhOng bilu tQpng chdn thQc, trQc quan, qua dd d l cdc em hiiu dung v l qud khQ vd hinh thdnh khdi niem Ijch sQ dung d i n Thilu tfnh hlnh dnh, cy the trinh bdy kiln thQc hpc sinh rdt khd hinh dung Ijch sQ da dien nhQ t h i ndo, Hdn nQa, m^t bdi Jipc Ijnh sQ thilu cu thi, thilu sinh ddng, thilu hlnh dnh, thi chic chin gid hpc se trd ndn ndng n l , buon te, khd cQng vd d l bj "hi$n dpi hda", Viec trinh bdy song dpng cdc sQ ki$n, hi$n tQpng ljch sQ dQpc thQc hien thdng qua nhilu kdnh khde nhQ ldi ndi, phim anh, tQ lieu, thilt bj dpy hpe,.,Trong dd, ngdn ngO ndi gidu hlnh anh cQa gido vidn giO vj tri r l t quan trpng, O l ndng cao hieu qua bdi giang Ijch sQ THCS can k i t hpp sQ dyng ngdn ngO gidu hinh anh vdi tfnh trQc quan qua cdc phQdng ti^n, d l dung day hpc hay dipu bp, cQ chf, net m^t , bdi, nd khdng nhQng glQp hpc sinh tdi tpo Ipi qud khQ Ijch sQ, rdn luy$n khd ndng nhdn thQc cam tfnh, ma cdn giQp cdc em bQdc dau phdt trien dQpc tQ ljch sQ, qua cac thao tdc nhQ phdn tich, so sdnh, danh gid , Trong nhOng nam hpc vQa qua, chQdng trinh va sdch gido khoa mdn Ljch sQ d trQdng THCS cd nhilu thay doi tfch ci/c, xong nhin chung vdn cdn khd nang Npi dung sdch gido khoa vdn chQa giai quyet triet d l quan hp giOa dung IQpng kiln thQc vdi thdi IQpng danh cho bai hpc Cac sQ kipn, hipn tQpng ljch sQ dQpc trinh bay ngin gpn tdi lipu tham khdo LQdng Tdi, Bdc Ninh cQa gido vidn cdn thilu Nhilu gido vidn THCS chQa giai quylt t i t m i i quan h$ giQa npi dung sdch gido khoa vdi vi$c ty hpc cua hpc sinh Bdn epnh dd, nhilu sQ ki#n, hi^n tQpng Ijch sQ ddi hdi phdi dQpc trinh bdy thdt hinh anh, sinh dpng, thi chf dQng Ipi d mQc dp thdng bdo khd khan, thilu hip dan Ngodi ra, mpt so gido vidn chQa nhdn thQc dQpc tam quan trpng cua vi^c trinh bdy song dpng hinh anh doi vdi cac s\} kipn, hipn tQpng Ijch sQ cd ban, quan trpng cua t)ai hpc nen chua d i u tQ cdng sQc, thdi gian cho vipc chuin bj dd dijng trye quan, dpc tdi li$u tham khao, xdy dQng cac dopn tQdng thudt, midu ta,„(trQ cdc gid dpy hpi giang vd thi gido vien d^y gidi cdc clp) Ddy cung Id mpt nhOng nguyen nhdn tri^c tilp Idm dnh hQdng d i n chat IQpng ITnh hpi, ndm kiln thifc cua hpc sinh Id hp qud tat y l u d i n d i n k i t qua Idm bdi thi Ijch sQ d cdc cdp cua hpc sinh nhQng ndm vQa qua rat thap, chQa ddp Qng dQpc ydu c l u d$t D l khic phye thQc trpng tren, nhlm khdng ngQng nang cao hi^u qud bdi gidng Ijch sis d THCS d n linh hopt kit h^p sQ dyng ngdn ngQ gidu hinh anh vdi tfnh trQc quan trinh bdy cdc sy ki^n, hipn tQpng Ijch sQ Cy the, can chu y mpt so v i n d l sau: M^t li, chuin bj td't giio in, xiy dtfng doan tddng thuat, miiu ti cic stf kiin ljch sd bing nhdng td "dit", cd "gii trj", cd dgng vi giiu hlnh inh Ldi ndi gidu hinh anh la phQdng tien quan trpng md gido vidn can khai thdc sir dyng trinh bay cdc SQ ki^n, hi^n tQpng Ijch sii, nd khdng nhOng giup hpc sinh d l hinh dQng, cd bilu tQpng cy the, chfnh xac v l qud khQ, ma cdn cd tdc dyng giao dye tQ tQdng, tinh cam, dpo dQc, phat triln tQ duy, ky ndng, ky xao cho hpc sinh De cd the sii dyng ngdn ngO gidu hlnh anh dd la ca qua trinh ren luyen cdng phu cCia ngQdi gido vidn, Nd bat dau tQ viec sQu tam, chuin bj gido dn, xdy dyng cdc dopn tQdng thuat mieu ta cdc sQ ki§n Ijch sQ bing nhQng tQ "dit", cd dpng, gidu hinh I n h den viec rdn luypn kha ndng v l ngO am D l tang cQdng tfnh hlnh ^nh ciJa ngdn ngQ, giao vidn c6 the sQu t i m , xay dQng dopn tQdng thudt mi§u t l bang lii so sdnh vf von, hinh tQpng hda cac sQ kidn, hi§n tQpng Ijch sil, bing nhOng tQ "daf, cd dpng Vf dy, ndi v l moi quan h$ fvtiJFlpC SO 3-2012 iife^^iiirl^f giOa cdch mpng vd san d chfnh qud'c vd cdch mpng giai phdng ^ NGAY NAY >. _ dan tpc d cac thudc dja, gido vien cd t h i dQng hlnh anh dia CO hai vdi ma lanh ty Nguyen Ai Qud'q da sQ dyng; hope ndi v l d l qud'c DQc vdi tham vpng phan chia Ipi thupe dja tren t h i gidi cuoi t h i ky XIX dau t h i ky XX, thi hlnh anh Ddc nhu ho ddi din bin tiic mudn Id hlnh anh vd cung sinh ddng; hay ndi ve sy b l t i c eua cdch mpng Vi$t Nam cuoi t h i ky XIX dau t h i ky XX, hlnh anh: cich mang Viit Nam giudng nhUcdn dim td'i, chUa co dUdng Id sQ so sdnh khd hpp li; hodc hinh anh: vd ngtfa quin Mdng Cidi din diu thi thinh luy tan hoang, nhi cda di nit, nhin din chit chdc, lam than da khic hpa khd day dCi sQc mpnh hQy di^t vd sQ tdn bao eua giac Mdng Co d tHi ky XIII,,, Rd rdng, sQ dyng ngdn ngQ cd hinh anh, ljch sQ trd ndn song dpng, bdi gidng tang tfnh hap dan, hpc sinh cd hQng thu hpc t^p vd de ddng ghi nhd hdn Muon cd ngdn ngQ gidu hinh anh, gido vien can phdi sQ dyng cdc tQ ngQ gpi ta trinh bay, mieu ta, tQdng thudt, hay neu ddc dilm sQ kipn, hipn tupng Ijch sQ Trong bdi hpc Ijch sQ d trQdng THCS cd rat nhieu sQ kien can phdi midu td, tudng thudt, neu d^e dilm nhQ: dien biln cdc trpn ddnh, cdc bd mdy chinh quyln, cac nhdn vat Ijch sQ, cdc tranh dnh.„nham khai thdc vd khic sdu kiln thQc Ijch sQ, qua dd hlnh thdnh vd phdt triln kha nang trinh bdy vd sQ dyng dung trye quan eho hpc sinh, Vi nhQ, xdy dQng dopn tQdng thudt, midu ta v l trdn Tot Dpng - Chuc Dpng, trdn Chi Lang khdi nghTa Lam Sdn D l tQdng thudt, mieu ta dpt hieu qua, gido vien phai gidnh nhilu thdi gian cdng sQc chuan bj cdng phu Chu tjch Ho Chl Minh Id mpt mdu mQc xay dung cdc doan tQdng thudt, mieu ta ma gido vien can hpe tap Vi dy, bii hinh hinh kiiu Unxa - mgt phuang dien it ngUdi biit ve nen van minh My (trong tac pham ban an c h l dp thQc dan Phdp), vdi cdch mieu ta ngin gpn, gidu hinh anh da thQc sQ gdy xuc dpng mpnh me cho ngQdi dpc, ngQdi nghe, lam song lai canh gilt ngQdi man ta, mdt tpi dc cua de quoc My, qua dd gido dye Idng yeu nQdc, cam thu giac cho hpc sinh Hai Id, sd dung ngdn ngd giiu hinh inh phii kit hop vdi cic phuang tien trtfc quan Ngodi Idi ndi bilu cam sdng, sinh ddng, mpt loai phQdng tien dQpc sQ dyng rpng rai day hpc Ijch sQ nham tang cQdng tinh hinh anh cho cdc sQ kien, hien tQdng Ijch sQ cDa bdi hpc Id cdc loai dung trye quan nhusd do, ban do, md hinh, hien vdt Cac sQ kien, hien tQpng Ijch sQ diln qua khQ, hpe sinh Vhdng t h i trQc tiep tri gidc dQpc, xong lai diln khdng gian vd thdi gian xde djnh Do dd trinh bdy cdc trdn ddnh, cdc dia danh Ijch sQ, cdc kiln thQc v l ddi song ngQdi nhQ dac dilm ddn CQ, lanh tho, cd sd san xua't, cdc thdnh tyu van hda - nghp thudt thi gido vien phai k i t hpp sQ dyng ngdn ngO ndi vdi cdc loai dung trQc quan phu hpp Vdi dang dQng day hpe ndy, hpe sinh d i ddng tilp thu, hlnh dung, ghi nhd, ed bieu tupng rd rdng vd cy t h i So vdi Idi ndi cua giao vien, cdc phQdng tien trQc quan cd Qu t h i rieng, nd tao hinh anh cy the, chfnh xde, sinh dpng vd phu hpp vdi nhdn thQc cua hpe sinh THCS, Ngodi viec sQ dyng Idi ndi, cac phQdng tien trQc quan, day hpc Ijch sQ gido vien cdn cd the sQ dyng cdc doan trfch ede tdc pham kinh diln, cdc sdch sQ, tdc pham van hpc nghe thuat, doan phim tQ lieu vd cdc phUdng tipn ky thudt khac d l tang cQdng tinh hinh anh cho cdc sQ kien, hien tQpng Ijch sQ Vf nhQ, d bai 10 (Ijch sQ Idp 7) ^:.0':i M: -