DmfvaHoc «/NGAy NAy SO 3 2012 '''' •a''''me tM 21 Mot hifofng khai thac mcfi trong day hgc kieu bai tim y lap dan y cho bai van \\i sir of trung hoc cof scf BUI VINH TRUING GIANG Cam Xuyen, Ha TTnh I OAT VA[.]
DmfvaHocSO 3-2012 tM '.ãa'me ô/NGAy NAy 21 Mot hifofng khai thac mcfi day hgc kieu bai tim y lap dan y cho bai van \\i sir of trung hoc cof scf BUI VINH TRUING GIANG Cam Xuyen, Ha TTnh I OAT VAN DE Trong chQdng trinh NgO van THCS hien hdnh, kieu bdi tim y lap dan y cho mpt bdi van chiem mpt ty le khdng nhd Tiet tim y lap dan y cho mdt bdi van cho de'n thi md hinh cua mpt tiet dgy tra bai v i n cd nhieu md hinh, nhien vdn cd nhieu eho chua thd'ng nha't Td't ca mpi tdi lieu tham khao, sdch hQdng ddn cho gido vien, sdch thiet ke bdi dgy deu cd hQdng dan cho bai kieu nhung de cd dQpc mdt hQdng thd'ng nhat chung cho hpc sinh td't ca cdc vung mien thi chQa han da dung vdi nguyen nghTa cua nd TQ thQc te giang dgy d cd sd ma dac biet la cac em hpc sinh dau cap THCS, qua qud trinh giang dgy, tQ kinh nghiem cua ban than, tdi mgnh dgn dQa mpt vdi y kien xung quanh viec dgy kilu bdi Tim y lap ddn y eho bdi van tQ sQ, tdi xin dQpc neu day de bgn be dong nghiep cung tham khao II NOI DUNG VAN DE Tim y vd lap ddn y lam van ndi chung vd lam van tQ sQ ndi rieng la mpt thao tdc, mpt bQdc chuan bj khdng the thieu, cd the ndi nd cd vai trd rat quan trpng dd'i vdi hpc sinh THCS dgc biet la hpc sinh dau cap, Mac dau vdy nhQng thQc te doi vdi hpc sinh Idp Igi la van de xa lg it dQdc cdc em quan tam vd van dung cd hieu qua l\/lpi ngQdi cung hiiu rang lam van neu bd di cdng dogn tim y va lap dan y thi bdi Idm cQa cac em hpc sinh se khdng di dung yeu cau, trien khai viet bai se thieu di tfnh he thd'ng, tinh Idgic Dieu lam cho bdi van khdng dgt dQpc nhQ muc tieu de De chat IQpng giang dgy cua giao vien va hpc tap cua hpc sinh dupe ndng len dap Qng yeu cau va xu the phdt triln cua thdi dgi, tdi thie't nghT can phai he thong Igi each tim y vd lap ddn y cho bdi van tu sQ d l nhOng ngQdi cam pha'n giang dgy bp mdn NgQ van cd cdch suy nghT, giang dgy cd hieu qua vd cac em hpc sinh cd dQpc hQdng hpc tap td't hdn Van tQ sQ trQdng phd thdng Id van k l viec, thuat viec, trinh bay diln bien sQ viec,,., Qng vdi nd Id cdc t h i van k l chuyen, tQdng thuat, tran thuat, ban tin, tQdng trinh, phdng sQ.„ De van tQ sQ d THCS dQpc quy vao ba dgng cd ban: ThQ nhat Id ke chuyen xQa (Co tfch, truyen thuyet, tieu Idm, ngy ngdn,,,) ThQ hai Id k l chuyen ddi thQdng (NhQng chuyen xay cupc sd'ng hang quanh ta), ThQ ba Id k l chuyen tudng tQdng - sdng tgo (Ddng vai, ket thuc mdi,,,.) Cdi quan trpng van tQ sQ Id sQ viec vd nhdn vat SQ viec dd xay thdi gian, khdng gia cu thi, nhan vat cy t h i thuc hien, cd nguyen nhdn, diln bien, ket qua Nhdn vat la ngudi, dpng vat, vat ThQc hien cdc sQ viec vd Id ngQdi dQpc the hien van ban, Nhdn vdt dQpc t h i hien qua ten gpi, lai lich, tfnh net, hinh ddng, viec Idm, Nhdn vat thi cd nhan vat chfnh, nhdn vat phy, mdi nhdn vdt cd nhiem vy rieng cua minh nhQng cung tgo nen cdu chuyen - Qua kinh nghiem giang dgy cho thay, vdi cdc hpc sinh biet lap dan y td't thi bdi van bao gid cung dgt yeu cau cao ca npi dung ldn hinh thQc t h i hien va ngQpc Igi, cdc em khdng biet tim y, lap y thi bdi viet vdn thieu y khdng mgch Igc Trong dieu kien hien nay, phQdng tien hd trd hpc tap cho hpc sinh da dgng phong phu vd sdch tham khao cung het sQc phong phu da dgng Song d l tim cho hpc sinh mpt cuon sdch d l tap lam dan y cd he thd'ng la mpt viec lam khdng ddn gian Day chfnh Id van de md tdi muon trinh bay vdi cdc bgn, - PhQdng phdp tim y vd lap ddn y chung cho bdi van tusQ, a, Tim y: Tim y cho mdt dogn van ndi chung ngQdi ta thQdng sQ dung mpt so cdch cd ban nhu sau: Tim y bang each dgt cdu hdi: VD: Ke lai buoi l l chdo cd dau tuan cua trudng em Day la phan lap y cho than bdi: + Quang canh san trQdng trQdc buoi l l chdo cd? -I- Buoi l l da dien nhQ the ndo? Trinh ty cdc sQ viec sao? -I- Buoi l l ket thuc nhQ the nao? + Em cd suy nghT gi ve bull chdo cd dd? j Tim y bang each dgt cdu chu de hoac dogn cau mang ndi dung khdi qudt: De tim y bang cdch nay, HS phai biet khai qudt mdi sQ viec bang mpt y ngan gpn mpt cau hoac vdi cdu, Dd Id cdu chu de hoac dogn cdu mang chu de s o 3-2012 DrnvtstUoi —— VD: Hay ke Igi chuydn "Sdn Tinh, Thuy Tinh" De lap y cho bai van ndy c^n phdi dQg vdo cd't truydn cua cdu chuyen d l tdm tdt cdc sy vi^c chlnhthdnh tQng cdu ng^n gpn, Cy t h i Id: + Vua Hung mud'n ken r l cho cdng chua Mj NQdng, + Hai than Sdn Tinh vd Thijy Tinh d i n c^u hdn, + Ca hai thin d i u tdi gidi, vua Hung khdng biet chpn ddnh dieu kidn mang sfnh l l d i n trudc s§ dQpc cQdi Mj NQdng ve Idm vp, + Sdn Tinh de'n trQdc dQpc cQdi Mi NQdng, +Thuy tinh den sau tQc gi^n ddnh Sdn Tinh + Hai bdn ddnh hdng thdng trdi, cu6i cung Thuy Tinh rut v l + Khdng qudn thu xQa, hang ndm Thuy Tinh vSn ddng nude ddnh Sdn Tinh nhQng d i u thdt bgi, b Lap ddn y: Cd hai cdch \^p ddn y: ddn y dgi cQdng vd ddn y chi tilt Trong cdch ldp ddn y cho mpt d l vdn ndi chung vd vdn ty sQ ndi rieng ngQdi ta thQdng sQ dyng mpt sd' cdch cd bdn sau day; - Ldp ddn y theo cdch ddt cdu hdi: VD: Em dd hpc truyen thuylt ve Ho Guom, hay ke Igi * Dan y dgi cQdng: Md bii: Hoan canh dat nQdc ta bay gid nhQ the ndo? TrQdc tinh hinh ay Long Qudn da Idm gi? Thdn bdi: + Hoan canh Le Thuan da nhdn dQpc IQdi gQdm? + Le Ldi da nhdn dQpc chuoi guom hodn canh ndo? + Khi dd cd gQdm than tay, tinh t h i nghTa qudn Lam Sdn sao? -I- Sau duoi dQdc gidc Minh thi Le Lpi da lam gi vdi IQdi gQdm dd? K i t bdi: Ten Ho GQdm cd bao gid va y nghTa cua cdu chuypn dQpc nitra? Ddn y chi tilt: Md bdi: - Gidc Minh da ddt ach hp len dd't nQdc ta nhQ t h i ndo? Vi dQc Long Qudn Igi cho nghTa quan Lam Sdn mupn gQdm than d l ddnh gidc? Thdn bdi: - DQc Long Quan trao doi gQdm than Le thudn: Le Thudn da phdt hipn IQdi gQdm hodn canh nao? Le Thuan sd'ng d ddu vd lam nghe gi? Lan thQ nhd't vdt IQdi Idn dng phdt hipn cdi gi? Lan thQ hai phdt hien vat cu dng da Idm gi? Lan thQ ba thi sao? Le Thudn da tham gia nghTa qudn Lam Sdn nhu the nao? dieu kl lg gi da xay tup leu cua Le Thudn? Le Lp|: Le Lpi da nhan dQpc chuoi gQdm hodn canh nao? Ong da lam gl bat dQpc chuoi gudm ay? GQdm than da md dQdng cho nghTa qudn Lam sdn danh thang gidc TQ cd gQdm than nghTa qudn Lam Sdn da dao dQpc dQdc tinh the sao? Le Lpi da hodn tra gQdm cho Long Qudn: Mdt nam sau thang giae Minh, Le Lpi da di dgo tren bd ho Ta Vpng va xay chuyen gi? JNCAYNA\ + Rua Vdng da xud't hi$n vd ndi gl vdi vua? + Cdu chuydn gl da xdy sau dd? tinh tilt cdu chuypn rj sao? K i t bdi: TQ dd H Td Vpng cd tdn Id gl? Y nghTa cua cdu chuy6r ndy? - L$p ddn y theo each d$t cdu chu de, doan cau mang n$i dung khai qudt: VI dy: Hay k l Igi chuydn "Con Rong, Chdu Tidn" Ddn