Vy^N DVNG PHUdNG PHAP HOC THEO GOC YAO GIANG DAY HOA HQC H0U Cd 6 TRUNG HQC CQ Sd Th S Trinh Xuin Thuy Tru&ng Cao ddng Suphgm Nghe An Chiing ta biet rang mdi hgc ddc lap, kh i ning l im vi$c sinh (HS)[.]
Vy^N DVNG PHUdNG PHAP HOC THEO GOC YAO GIANG DAY HOA HQC H0U Cd TRUNG HQC CQ Sd Th.S Trinh X u i n Thuy Tru&ng Cao ddng Suphgm Nghe An Chiing ta biet rang mdi hgc ddc lap, k h i ning lim vi$c sinh (HS) thudng cd phong chii ddng ciia HS thuc cich hgc k h i c nhau, cd HS hien hpc theo gdc; Ben canh thich hpc qua phin tich, cd c i c phuang phip hpc theo HS thich hpc qua quan sit, cd gdc chu yeu thi cin phdi hgp HS thich hgc qua trii nghiem, them mdt so phuang phip cd HS thich hgc qua thuc nhu: phuang phip thi nghiem hanh i p dung Hpc theo (TN), bpc tap hop tic thep gdc l i mdt phuang p h i p day nhdm, giii quyet vin de, hgc, theo HS thuc hien cac phuang p h i p true quan, su nhiem vu khic tai c i c dung da phuang tien ; Giao vi tri cu the khdng gian vien (GV) can chuin bi thiet Idp hgc nhung cung hudng bi, phuang tien, dung day tdi chiem lmh mdt ndi dung hpc, xac dinh nhiem vu cu the hpc tip theo c i c phong cich v i ket q u i can dat duac d mdi hpc khic HS dupe thuc gdc, tao dieu kien de HS tien hinh, k h i m p h i tai cae gde hinh cac hoat ddng nham dat khic vdi ciing mdt ndi muc tieu day hgc X i c dinh dung hpc tip giiip hpc sau, muc tieu mdi gdc v i nhiem bpc thoii mai vu phli hop: Can cii y i o npi Q u y trinh t h u c hien dung b i i hgc vi^ dieu kien thuc te, GV cd the td chuc d^y hoc theo gdc a Chgn ngi dung, khong gdc, gdc hay gdc O mdi gian l&p hpc phd hop: Hpc g d c c i n c d ten gdc, phieu giao theo gdc can chpn ndi dung viec, diing thiet bi, tii lieu bii cho phu hop theo cac phli hgp vdi boat ddng ctia phong cich hgc khic gdc Vi du: sach giio khoa, hoac theo c i c hinh thuc boat tai lieu cho gdc phan tich; ti ddng khic nhau; Khdng gian vi, d i u video, bang dia binh ldp hpc l i di6u kien chi phdi cho gdc quan sit; giiy biit viec td chuc hpc theo gdc dung cho gdc trii nghiem; Chinh vi viy, khdng gian phii diing cho gdc thuc hinh c Thiet ki cdc nhiem vu vd phu hop vdi so lugfng HS de bd tri b i n ghe, dung hgc hogt dgng a moi goc: Can cii tip c i c gdc v i c i c boat v i o npi dung cu_ the cua bii hgc v i cic yeu td nhu phdng dpng ciia HS tai gdc b Thiet ki ki_ hogch bdi hpc, sd lupng HS ma GV xic hgc can chu y den muc tiiu dinh sd gdc, ten v i nhiem vu vd phuang phdp: Ngoii muc mdi gdc, quy dinh thdi gian tieu cin dat_ duac cua b i i tdi da cho HS d mdi gdc, mdi hge theo chuin ki^n thiic, ky gdc cin thiet bi diing gl ning, cimg cd t h i neu them hudng dan HS chpn gdc theo muc tieu ve ky nang l i m viec sd thich v i luin chuyen qua du cic gdc Chii y ring nhiem vu cic gdc phii rd ring, phii cd du phuang tien de HS hoin thinh nhiem vu, thdi gian can duac quin ly v i phan bd phu hpp vdi nhiem vu mdi gdc v i quy thdi gian ciia bii hgc GV can ren cho HS tinh tu giac, tich cue chii ddng v i giii ky luat gid hgc d Thiet ki hpgt dgng ddnh gid vd ciing co ngi dung bgi hgc: Hgc theo gdc chu yeu li HS lim viec c i nhan hoac thep nhdm, GV li ngudi dieu khien, trg giup, ket q u i hgc tap ciia HS cin duac chia se, danh gii Vio cudi gid hpc sau HS luan chuyen qua dii gdc, can cho HS dai dien nhdm bao cao ket qua hpc tip d mdi gd9, cic HS khic bd sung y kien Tir ket qua bio cao ciia HS^ GV nhan xet, dinh gia, chdt lai nhiing van de trpng tam, d i m bao cho HS hgc siu va hgc thoii mii Thiet ke va van dung p h u o n g p h i p day hoc theo goc vao chirorng Hidrocacbon khdng no * Ke hoach bii hgc minh hpa Vi du: Giio in bii 37: ETILEN-Ldp9(bangl) Muc tieu bai day a Kiin thirc cdn co: CTPT, CTCT, die digtn ciu tao ciia etilen; Tinh chit vat li: Trang thii, m i u sac, tinji tan nude, ti khdi so vdi khdng khi; Tinh chit h o i hpc ciia CjH^: Phin img (pit) Ngdy nhgn bdi 05/01/2013; Ngdy duy?l dang 25/4/2013 TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 93-05/2013 - 1 NGHIEN Cl/U & UNG DUNG Bdng I: Gido dn bdi 7: ETILEN- Lap Nhung kien thirc HS da biet Hen quan den bai hpc - Khii ni^m ve hgp chit hOu co - D$c diem ciu tgo hgfp chit hQu co - Cau tgo v i tinh chat hoi hpc ciia mfitan chiy, pu cpng vdi dung dich (dd) Br^, pu tning hpp; Mpt sd un_g dyng ciia etilen ddi sdng vi sin xuit h Ki ndng: Quan sit TN, hien tugng thuc te, hinh inh nit nhin xet ve ciu tao va tinh chat etylen; Viet duac PTHH dang CTPT; Phan biet etilen vdi me tan; Tu tim hieu vi thuc hien nhiem vu dugc giao mdt cich dpc lip vi hpp tic; Trinh biy ket qui da thuc hien vi dinh gia c Trpng tdm: Ciu tao vi tinh chit hoi hgc ciia etilen HS can biet phan tir etilen Kien thirc mdi bii c i n dugc hinh - Corig thuc phan tu ( C n n ^ , cong thuc c k t?» (CrCT) etilea - Tinh chit v^t ly, h6a hgc cua etilen - Phan bi?t dirge metan v i etilen cd chiia lien ket (LK) dpi dd cd LK k6m ben nen ed pii d^c tnmg Ii pii cpng vi pii tning hpp (thyc chit li kieu pii cpng lien tiep nhieu phan tu etilen) Chuan bf a Do dung dgy hgc GV can cd eac dyng eu sau: dng nghi^ni, k?p gd, bdng, gii sat, den cdn, dng hiit nhd gipt, md binh mau vat lip rip phin tii etilen, bp dyng cy dieu che etilen, di bot; Vi Hda chit: rupu etylic 96", H^SO^ 98%, NaOH dac,_ lg dung dd nude brdm; Phieu hgc tap, nhiem vy cho cic nhdm, giayA , A,, A^ HS cin cd SGK Hda h^ ldp 9, Vd ghi, but, vi thudc b Phuang phdp dgy hQc: Hpc theo gdc; Su dung thi^t bi, TN hda hpc; Hgrp tic theo nhdm nhd Cac hoat d^ng day h9c {Bang 2) G6c trai nghidm: (lOphiit) a Muc tieu: Tu cic TN tun dieu kien (DK) xay pu vi dau bieu chiing td pu xay _ b Nhiem vu: Dge each tien hinh TN theo hudng din bing Chia c?p Bdng 2: Cdc hogt dgng dgy hge Thdi gian N^i dung Hogt d^ng cua GV + Gioi thieu bai, huong din HS chgn g6c:5 phiit i Tinh chat vgt ly - Etilen la chat khi, khong mau, khong mui, it tan nuoc, nhe hon khonpkhi (d=28/29) 11 Cau tao phan tii + CTCT ciia etilen + CTCT thu ggn + Giua nguyen tii C co LK, nhfing LK nhu vay ggi la LKdoi + Trong LK doi co LK kem ben, LK dl bj diit Uong cac phan img hoa hgc in Tinh chith6a hgc Etilen co chiy khdng? • Khi dot etilen chay tgo th^inh CO2, hoi nuoc v ^ g toa nhiSu nhi?t C2H4 +3 O2 ^ CO2 + 2H2O Etilen c6 tam mat mau dd brom khong? CH2 = CH2 + Bf; ^ B r CHi-CHj-Br dibrometan - Ngoai etilen pii cgng Tiet truoc chiing ta da hgc hiTp chat metan v^ tinh chit ciia metan net nay, chung ta s6 nghien ciiu mgt hgp chat co ten 1^ etilen Etilen c6 ciu tao, tinh chat nhu the nao, hSy ciing tim hieu bai hoc Neu muc tiSu \k each Ihyt; hifn nhi^m vi^ theo gdc, thjri gian mh\ g6c IA 10 ptiut - Neu tom tai myc tieu, nhi?m vy cac goc (din cac g6c), yeu ciu HS lya chgn g6c phii hgp voi minh - Hu(!mg dan HS ve cac g6c xuat phit theo phong each hgc Neu HS tgp trung vao goc thi GV kh^o I60 dgng vien HS sang cac goc Igi - Quan sit, theo d6i hogt dgng ciia cac nhom Kjp thoi h6 trg HS neu HS yen ciu huong dan TN, hu6ng dan gi^i bai tgp Nhic nhir HS luSn chuyin theo nh6m Tong thoi gian la 30 phiit, mh\ goc hgc tap 10 phiit 12 • TAP CHi THIET BI GIAO DUC-so 93-05/21)13 D& dung/ T h i ^ bj day hoc - Lang nghe de biel each G6c tr&i hgc tap nghifm - Quan sat, suy nght \k lya - Dung cy vi chgn goc phii hgp v ^ hda chit nhu phong cich ciia minh trSn Phi^ - Tgi cic goc HS phin hgc tgps6 cong nhi^m vg cho moi Iren giay Ao, nguiii A3.A4 phan - Lam vi^c theo c§p, nhom Gdc de tim hieu cac nhi?m vy ti'ch: - SGK hda ciia cac g6c - Riit dugc cac nhgn xet hgc va ket lugn ghi ket qua - But dg, giiy vao phieu hgc tap A4, A3 Ao, Aj Gdc ip tuong img - HS luan chuyen qua cac dyng: g6c Ket qua goc cuoi - Bang ho trp ki§n thirc cimg ghi vao bin giay AQ - Dan kfit qua ciia nhom - PhiSu hgc tai goc tuong iing v i ket tap so trSn qui goc cuoi ciing ISn giiy Ao, A3, A4 bang^ - M6i nhom cu mgt dgi difn len bang Hai nhdm Igi theo doi va so sinh vdi kfit qua ciia minh Hoat d$ng cua HS NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG vdi s6 chit khiic nhu H2, CI2 - Nhin chung cac chit cd LK ddi (tuong ty nhu etilen) dl tham gia pii cong Cac phan tir etilen c6 ket hgp dugc vdi khdng? nCH2=CH2—^ (-CH2-CH2-)„ polietilen (PE) - Pii tren ggi li pir triing hpp IV Unsdyng Cung CO - Tinh chat vgt ly? kien thuc - Tinh chit hda hgc 10 phut - LTng dyng tien hinh TN, quan sit hien tupng, rut ket luin Ghi ket qui vio p trdng phieu hge tap sd Phi^u hoc tap so Goc phan tich: (10 phiit) a Muc tieu: Nghien cuu npi dung kien thiirc Hudmg dSn HS bio cio k^t qui - Yeu ciu moi nhdm dan ket qui tgi | d c - Yeu cau dgi difn HS bio ket qui tren bing thir ty theo cic gdc phan tich, trii nghifm, i p dyng - Cic nhdm theo dai k^t qui ciia nhdm minh d m5i gdc tuong img, Nh^in xdt bo sung Neu ciu hdi - Chot lgi kien thiic v i hudng dSn HS each hgc bai - Dai difn nhdm l€n bio cio k^t qui ciia nhdm - Nhdm khic neu ciu hdi nhan xet, bd sung, ghi nhan kiln thirc Cling CO - Dinh gia - D$n + HS Iri idl cau hdi dd + Ndp ket qua bii tap - Yeu cau HS ngp kci qui bii + Ghi nhiem v\i ve nhi tgp d gdc ap dyng • Dgn giao Bai Tip SGK, md hinh CTCT etilen Phieu hoc tap so de tim dupe tinh chat vit Tinh chat vit ly ciia ly, ciu taOj tinhchit hda hgc etilen vi each dieu che etilen Etilen li chit , khdng b Nhiem vy: HS nghien , khdng , hon cuu ndi dung sgk, Thao luan khdng theo cap, phin cdng ghi ndi Ciu tao vi Tinh chit dyng vio giiy A^, A3 hda hpc cua etilen Bdng 3: phieu hgc tap so TT Dau hieu co pir Cach tien hanh Lip bo dung cu digu che etilen nhu hinh ve Tifc hanh d6t Ichi etilen bang que dom Sue Idii etilen thu duac a tren vao 6ng nghiem DKpii CO c h i i a d d B r Bang 4: phieu hgc tap so Cic phin ung hda hoc cua etilen Phin ling ehay Phin ling vdi dune dich Br2 Phan ung trung hop Diu hieu chung td cd phin ung hda hgc Cd tda nhi?t, hoi nude ving Lam mat miu dung dich Br? Nhieu phin tu etilen lai vdi t^o thinh phin tir ldn Bdng 5: phieu hgc tap so Dau hifu Hien taan^ TT Khi cho que dom vao mi?ng 6ng dan etilen thi thay b6c len co mau vang, toa nhieu nhiet Khi sue ang din etilen vao ong nghiem dimg dd Br? mau nau thiy dd Br2 mk mau Vict, dpc ptpii .(Xem tiep trang 17) TAP CHI T H i r B I GIAO DUC-SO 93-05/2013 ' I S NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG HS tiep thu nhein xet dinh gii tu phia GV Tdng hop dinh gii, nit kinh nghipm cho nhiing du in tiep theo Kit luan Nam djnb hudng chung cua viec phat trien nen giio dye hien d^i, ddi mdi PPDH li khiu v6 eiing quan trgng Bdi cung mpt khdi lugng kien thiic nhung cich thiie td chire day hgc khic se dua tdi nhung hieu ling khic tir phia ngudi hgc Do tinh nguyen hgp eiia cheo nen vipc giiiig day theo phuang phip truyen thdng khd mi truyen tii dugc nhung net die sac cua cheo eiing nhu khcri gpi dupe hiing thii hpc tip cua HS Day hpc cheo theo md hinh DHDA ket hpp vdi img dyng CNTT se phit huy dupe vai trd tieh cyc, chil ddng, sing tao, khai diy hiing thii hpc tap ciia HS, gdp phan vio viee ddi mdi PPDH, ning cao bieu qui dgy hpc Ngii vin Trong trudng hop li tudng md hinh day hpc niy se tao tic ddng tich cue ve phia HS ddi vdi viec gin giii vi phit huy nghe thuat truyen thdng cua din tpc Tai lieu tham khao Trin Bi Hoinh, Doi m&i PPDH, chuang trinh vd SGK, NXB Dai hoc Su pham H.2006 Bemd Meier, Nguyen Van Cudng, Ly ludn day hoc hien dgi- Mgt so vdn di doi m&i PPDH, Tai lieu dio tao VAN DUNG PHlTdNG P H A P »• a Cdng thiic cau tao cua etilen: , etilen cd chiia LK b Etilen chiy tao thinh vi c Etilen lim mit miu dung dich d Phin tii etilen kit hgp vdi tao thinh polietilen, pii kilu nhu viy ggi la^ tfng dung Etilen dung dl dieu che Goc ap dung: (10 phiit) _ a Muc tieu: Tir philu hd trq kiln thirc ciia GV, HS cd the ip giii bii tap b Nhiem vu: * HS nghien ciiu nOi dung bing ho trp sau: * HS hoin thinh cic bii tap phieu hpc tap sd Phieu hoc tap so Bii tap 1: Dpc ndi dung d phieu hd trp Ghi kit qui vio d trdng bing sau: Bii tip 2,4 Sgk trang 119 Tai lieu tham khao Cic tie gii, Dy an Viet Bi, Ap dung dgy hgc tich cue mon Khoa hoc, Tu Nhien xd hoi & CBSp vd THCS, NXB DHSp, H 2003 Bd GD&DT, Du in Viet Bi, Mot so phuang phdp vd ky thudt dgy hgc, NXBDHSP, 2010 GS.TS Trin Bi Hoinh, Doi m&i phuang thac sT Dai hgc Su pham H 2012 Sach gido khoa NgU vdn 10, tap I Ndng cao, NXB Giio dye, 2012 Bgy hgc theo chudn kiin thuc, ki ndng, NXB Dai hgc Supham, 2012 Hu&ng ddn thuc hien chudn kiin thirc, kindng mon Ngir vdn l&p 10, NXB Giio dye Viet Nam, 2010 Summary: Nowadays, high- school pupils find it less interesting to study such subjects related to traditional culture and folklore 'Cheo' is one ofthe genres m folklore Teaching ' cheo' with the support from IT will not only improve pupils' activeness and creativity but also insprise them to leam ( liep trang 13) phdp dgy hpc, chuang trinh sdeh gido khoa, NXB DHSP, H 2006 Summary Learning stations is understood to mean a method of organising teaching activities where learners ferform different tasks in different places in the classroom, ensuring that learners can learn in depth and comfortably The tasks in different comers should be different in nature and might also be different in terms of content TAP CHI THIFTB! GIAO DUC-SO 93-05/2013 • 17 ... cin cd SGK Hda h^ ldp 9, Vd ghi, but, vi thudc b Phuang phdp dgy hQc: Hpc theo gdc; Su dung thi^t bi, TN hda hpc; Hgrp tic theo nhdm nhd Cac hoat d^ng day h9c {Bang 2) G6c trai nghidm: (lOphiit)... nhi^m vi^ theo gdc, thjri gian mh\ g6c IA 10 ptiut - Neu tom tai myc tieu, nhi?m vy cac goc (din cac g6c), yeu ciu HS lya chgn g6c phii hgp voi minh - Hu(!mg dan HS ve cac g6c xuat phit theo phong... dan HS ve cac g6c xuat phit theo phong each hgc Neu HS tgp trung vao goc thi GV kh^o I60 dgng vien HS sang cac goc Igi - Quan sit, theo d6i hogt dgng ciia cac nhom Kjp thoi h6 trg HS neu HS yen