NGHlfiN ClrtJ TRAO E)6l OE MON HOC XAY DUNG DANG THUC SIJ LA KHOA HOC Cd thl ndi trong lich su cac mdn hpc d cac ldp hudn luyfin cua Dang ta thi mdn hpc xay dung Dang ra ddi sdm nhdt Cudn sach Dudng c[.]
NGHlfiN ClrtJ - TRAO E)6l OE MON HOC XAY DUNG DANG T H U C SIJ LA KHOA HOC PGS TRAN DtNH HUYNH C d thl ndi lich su cac mdn hpc d cac ldp hudn luyfin cua Dang ta thi mdn hpc xay dung Dang ddi sdm nhdt Cudn sach Dudng cdch menh cua Nguyfin Ai Qudc (vtta dupc cdng nhdn la bao vat qude gia dpt ddu tifin) ddi nam 1927 gdm nhflng bai giang cho Idp cdn bd ddu lifin dl tifi'n ldi Hdi nghi lap Dang Cdng san Vifit Nam (DCSVN) vao nam 1930 Theo ldi, cho tdi cudn Dudng each mfinh khdng chi la cudn giao ttinh sdm nhdt ma cdn la cudn sach hay nhdt vl xay dung Dang d Vifit Nam Ndi "Xay dung DCSVN" la mdt mdn khoa hpc Ihi phai hilu rdng dd la khoa hpc ly ludn mang Ifnh ldng hpp va lifin ngdnh Nd ddi hdi phai hilu va lam chu dupc nhiing vail dl CO ban ba mdn ly ludn co ban cua chu nghia cdng san khoa hpe, eoi dd la nhiing vdn dl CO sd d l nghifin cttu nhung vlui d l thuc tifin dang ddt ttong cdng tac xay dung dang I Tri^c hel, cdn luu y tdi dac dilm vl ddi tupng cua khoa hpc xdy dung Dang DCSVN la ddi tupng nghifin cttu cua khoa hpc xdy dung Dang nhung nhifim vu chfnh cua nd khdng phai la nghifin cttu loan bd qua ttinh lich sir ciia Dang ma chi k l thtta tuu cua nganh khoa hoc lich sii Dang (cung nhu cua mdt sd nganh khoa hpc khac) d l nghifin cvni cdi duong dai, cai dang hifin difin cua Dang eudc sdng, ttt dd d l xudt nhihig co sd khoa hpc cho vific d l cac quyet sdeh ehinh tri eiia Dang Nhu vay, ddi tupng ciia khoa hpc la nghifin cttu mdt su vat, hifin tttpng dang vdn ddng chtt khdng phai nghifin cttu mdt su vat hifin tupng da ki't thttc Ndi each khac, khoa hpc xay dung Dang nghifin cuu co thl sdng ciia Dang ma Irung tam la ddng vien, la chinh sdeh Id bd mdy id chUc vd hdnh dgng thuc liin cua Ddng, Id mdi quan he vd cdch ieng xie cua Ddng vdi nhiing ngudi vd cdc td chiic xd hdi ngodi Ddng Nhung ndi dung dy diu la nhflng v & dl cua thuc lifin ma ban thdn khoa hpc xay dung Dang phai tifi'p edn, nghifin cttu va tdng kfi't, diic nil ly luan Cd thl ndi, ddi sdng hifin thuc ciia Dang ddi hdi ly luan xay dung Dang phai dap ung va dfi'n lupl nd, ddi sdng hifin thuc cua Dang la ddi sdng ciia ly luan xay dung Dang phat triln Khdng cd CO sd ay, khoa hpc xay dung Dang khdng tdn tai va ngupc lai nfi'u khdng ed ly luan xay dung Dang thi boat ddng eua Dang, ndi theo each ndi cua Hd Chi Minh la nhu ngudi di dfim md mdm, khdng cd den, dudc soi dudng Thie hai, cdn thdy DCSVN la dang lanh dao ddng thdi la dang cdm quyin ttong hfi thdng chmh tri nhat nguyen, ttong chfi' dp ddn chu va nha nudc phap quyen Ba van dfi ldn dang vtta duoc xay dung, lai vtta thuc thi la.' nin kinh le thl irudng dinh hudng XHCN, chi ddn chu XHCN vd nhd nudc phdp quyin XHCN Kinh te thl trudng dan ehu va phdp quyen da cd ly thuyet ttt lau, nhung nd mang ban chat TBCN Vail de dat ddi vdi su lanh dao cua DCSVN Id ldm cho nd mang bdn chdt XHCN Nhung tdt ca nhung ndi dung dd deu chua cd liln Ifi ttong Uch su, diu phai tten co sd thuc tifin ma phat ttiln ly luan Chfnh thuc tifin sinh ddng dy la minh ehiing eho su diing ddn ciia Iy luan xay xay dung Odng sl 6-2013 N G H l f i N CLTU - TRAO D I dung Dang va cae mdn khoa hpc khac thudc pham vi ehfnh tti hpe Do vay, noi dung giang day vc xSy dimg DCSVN bifin vdi linh each la mdt mdn khoa hpc at phai gdn vdi thttc tifin, Ihuc tifin ddi hdi va nd chi ed Ihl tdn lai va pbal triln mdt nd dap ung dupc yeu edu ciia cude sdng Ttte la yfiu cau su lanh dao eiia Dang phai dap ttng, phai ttt thue ticn lam sang td vi tti, vai ttd, chttc nang, ndi dung va phutmg thttc hoat dpng cua Dang Cude sdng hicn ddi va phat tnln khdng ngiing Vdi tfnh each la khoa hpc ly luan, npi dung giang day vl xay dung DCSVN phai gdn vdi su van ddng va phai tnen dy Hd Chi Minh la nha ly luan xay dung dang cdng san sang tao Ngudi khdng ehi can ctt vao nhung kifi'n thttc kinh dien mang tinh ban lam, ma Ngudi ludn lay thue tifin lam co sd de ung dung ly luan va bd sung cho Iy ludn Chung ta dfiu bifi't rang ttt nhiing nam 20 cua the ky trude, cac lanh tu va cac ly Iuan gia ciia phong ttao cdng san qudc te' nhdn manh dfin chu nghia qud'c tfi' vd san, eoi mpi phong trao ddn tpc deu phu thudc vao cupc dau ttanh gifla giai cdp vd san va giai cdp tu san tten loan the gidi, kich Iiet phe phan ehu nghia dan tdc thi Ianh tu Nguyfin Ai Qudc (sau la Chu ticb Hd Chi Minh) da tifi'p edn van dl dan tdc theo quan dilm thue tifin va phuong phap bifin chttng mac-xit da ly giai van d l dan tdc mdi each ddc Idp, dua trfin su nghifin eiiu sau sde lich su va co sd xa hdi b Vifil Nam Chinh vi vdy, Ngudi da giai quyei ihanh cdng nhiem vu giai phdng ddn tdc d \'ict Nam va qua thuc tc da gdp phdn bd sung cho Chu nghia Mac cd sd xa hpi hpc d phuong Ddng, Iam eho Chu nghia Mae ludn la mot hpc thuyfi't sang tao va phdt trifin Ngudi da vie't Bdo cdo vi Bdc kv, Trung ky vd Nam ky (nguyen ban bdng tifi'ng Phap, luu tai Mat-xco-va nam 1924) nhu sau: "Du thi ciing khdng thl cam bd sung "cd sd lich su" cua Chu nghia Mae bdng each dua thfim vao dd nhflng ttt hfiu ma Mac b thdi minh 48 xay dung Bang sfi 6-2013 khdng Ihl cd dupe Mac xdy dung hpc Ihuylt cua minh trfin mdi trifi'l ly nhdt dinh cua lich sir, nhung lieh su nao? Lieh su chdu Au Ma chdu Au la gi? Dd chua phai la loan Ihl nhdn loai"'" Trong Qude tfi III nhdn manh da'u ttanh giai cdp Id ddng Iuc nhd't eua mpi xa hdi cd dp bttc, bdc lot, Ihi Nguyfin Ai Qude luy khdng phan ddi nhung Ngttdi bdng thuc tifin da khang dinh d Viel Nam: "Chu nghia dan tdc la ddng luc Idn cua dd't nude Chu nghia dan lde da hien dai hda Chinh Ihanh nifin An Nam dang chi dao nd"'^' Quan dilm cua Ngudi khd ma dupc chdp nhdn ddi vdi cac nha Iy Iudn mdc-xft chinh Ihd'ng dy Irong Qud'c lc Cdng san Mac du bi phfi phan, bi quy chup la theo chu nghla ddn tdc hep hdi ttai vdi chil ngbia qud'c te vd san nhttng Nguyfin Ai Qud'c van kien tti khang dinh dd la "mdi chinh sach mang tfnh hifin thuc luyet vdi Gid day, ngudi ta se khdng thl Iam gi dupc cho ngudi An Nam ne'u khdng dua tten cac ddng lue vT dai, va nha't cua ddi sdng xa hdi ciia hp"'^' Theo Nguyfin Ai Qudc cupc ddu Iranh giai phdng dan tdc giai cdp vd san lanh dao gidnh dupc thdng Ipi thi "Iuc dd, nhat dinh chii nghia dan tdc ay se bie'n ehu nghia qudc tfi""'*' La mdt chien si qudc tl, Nguyfin Ai Qud'c kifin tti ddu ttanh chd'ng ehii nghia de qud'c va da cd nhilu nd luc nhdm thttc linh linh Ihdn dan ldc, ddu ttanh chdng chu nghia thttc dan cua edc ddn tdc thudc dia Khdu hifiu "Lao ddng idl ca cac nttdc doan kfi't lai!" Nguyfin Ai Qudc de xudng ttong bao Le Paria - Ngttdi cung khd - da chttng id quan diem ve chu nghia ddn tpc ciia Ngudi hoan loan khdng phai la quan diem ddn tdc hep hdi ma la chu nghia ddn ldc chdn cbfnh bdt ngudn ttt chu nghia yfiu nudc truyen thdng cua Viet Nam kfi't hpp vdi lu ludng cLia C.Mac va Ph.Ang-ghen Tuyen ngon cua Ddng Cgng sdn: " giai cdp vd san mdi nudc trudc hfi't phai gianh Idy chmh quyin, phai tu xdy dung mdt giai cdp ddn tdc, phai tu minh ttd dan Idc "*^- NGHlfiN Cim - TRAO D I Chung ta diu bifi't rdng C.Mac va Ph.Angghen da ehi ro dang cdng san phai Id id chttc cdch mang bao gdm nhttng phdn ttt tifin tifi'n ttong phong ttdo edng nhdn dupc gidc ngd bdi thl gidi quan vat vd bifin chttng, cd y ihttc ro rfil vl stt mfinh lich stt cua minh Id lifiu difit CNTB, xay dung CNCS ttfin loan thfi'gidi Khi CMdc va Ph.Ang-ghen qua ddi, V.I.Lfi-nin da xay dung hpe thuye't vl dang kilu mdi, khdng dinh dang cdng san la su kfi't hpp ehu nghla Mac vdi phong ttdo cdng nhdn, phai xdy dung dang bao gdm ca ba mdt chinh tri, tu tudng va td chttc Khi V.I.Lfi-nin qua ddi nhilu dang cdng san trfin t h l gidi da khdng dinh dang cdng san Id stt kfi't hpp Chu nghia Mac-Lfinin vdi phong ttao cdng nhan Hd Chi Minh ttt Ihuc lifin nttdc ta ma khdng dinh DCSVN ddi la qud ttinh kfi't hpp Chii nghia Mac-Lfinin vdi phong ttdo cdng nhdn vd phong trdo yeu nudc b Vifit Nam Khdng thl Irinh bay ddy dii Tu tudng Hd Chl Minh vl xay dung Dang ttong mdt bai vifi'l ngdn Trong mdt dl ldi cdp nha nude nghifin cttu Tu tudng Hd Chf Minh vl dang cdng san ldi (PGS Trdn Dinh Huynh) Iam chu nhifim, da dupc Hdi ddng nghifim Ihu cdp nha nudc ddnh gid xudt sdc, chung tdi da chttng minh rdng cd thl khdng dinh Tu Ittdng Hd Chf Minh vl dang cdng san Id Hpc thuyfit vl dang kilu mdi, lilp sau Hpc thuylt vl dang kieu mdi cua V.I.Lfi-nin Ld mdt bd mdn khoa bpc ihi phdi co ddi tuang, he thdng phgm tru quy ludt vd phuang phdp nghien ciiu ddc thu, khdng the chdng cheo, triing lap vdi ndi dung cdc mdn khoa hpc khac Hpc thuyfi't Hd Chf Minh vl xay dimg DCSVN se cho ta ddy du nhiing yfiu cdu eua mdt mdn khoa hpc nhu da ndi d ttfin, ddng thdi nd cdn chi mdt cdch vtta dfi hieu, vtta sau sdc ca vl phucmg phdp ludn nghifin cttu cung nhu phuong cham I;^ luan phai gdn vdi Ihue lifin, ttt thuc tifin ma phdl Irie'n ly Iuan, hoc di ddi vdi hanh theo mdt hfi thdng md cho nhung ngudi lam Iy luan each mang d Vifit Nam ndi chung vd 1^ Iuan vl xay dttng DCSVN ndi rifing Trong eudn "Siia ddi ldi ldm viec" xudt ban thdng 10-1947, Hd Chf Minh Iai nhdn manh mdt Idn nfla; "Ly Iudn Id dem thuc te lich stt, kinh nghifim, ttong cde eudc dd'u tranh, xem xfit, so sanh that ky Iuong ro rang, Iam kfi't Iudn Rdi lai dem nd chttng minh vdi thire lfi' Dd la Iy luSn chdn chfnh"'*' Dai hdi XI cua Dang da ehi ro nhifim vu hpc tap ly Iudn eua mpi dang vifin, edn bd, ddng thcri ddi hdi khoa hpc xay dung Dang phai vuon lfin giai dap vl mat Iy Iuan nhiing yfiu cdu cua thuc lifin dang dat mdt cdch edp bdeh: "Chu ddng phdng ngtta, ddu ttanh, phfi phdn nhung bilu hifin "tu difin bifi'n", "lu chuyen hda" ndi bd ta; khic phuc su suy thodl vl tu tudng ehinh tri, dao dttc, Idi sdng ttong mpt bd phan khdng nhd cdn bd dang vifin Gitt gin su doan kfi'l, thd'ng nhdt Irong Dang, su ddng thuan xa hdi "'^' Dd chfnh la khoa hpc ly luSn xay dttng DCSVN hifin va nhung ndi dung dy da dupc cu thl hda ttong ba vail dl cdp bach vl xdy dung Dang ma Nghi quyfi't Trung uong (khda XI) da dl Vific thue hifin Nghi quyfi't ttd ihanh eo sd thuc lifin cua khoa hpc ly luan xdy dung Dang C.Mae thieh nhde lai edu tho cua dai thi hao Gdt ring: "Mpi Iy thuye't deu xdm chi cd cay ddi mai mai xanh tuoi" Khoa hpe xay dttng Dang cung chi gdn vdi "cay ddi" vdi thuc tiln thi nd mdi cd sttc sdng xudn Sttc xuan vd hdp ddn cua nd chfnh la d tmh cdp thilt, tfnh huu fch gdn liln vdi cude sdng, sinh mfinh eua Dang a (1,2,3,4) Ho Chi Minh todn tap, NXBCTQG H.1995, tap 1, tr.465 466, 467 (5) CMdc vd PhAng-ghen, Tuyen tap, NXBST H.1980 tap 1, tr.565 (6) Hd Chi Minh todn tap, NXBCTQG, H.1995 tap 5, tr 223 (7) DCSVN Vdn kien dgi hdi dgi biiu lodn qudc ldn thd XI, NXBCTQG, H.2011, tr.257 xay dung Ddng s6 6-2013 ... CLTU - TRAO D I dung Dang va cae mdn khoa hpc khac thudc pham vi ehfnh tti hpe Do vay, noi dung giang day vc xSy dimg DCSVN bifin vdi linh each la mdt mdn khoa hpc at phai gdn vdi thttc tifin,... V.I.Lfi-nin Ld mdt bd mdn khoa bpc ihi phdi co ddi tuang, he thdng phgm tru quy ludt vd phuang phdp nghien ciiu ddc thu, khdng the chdng cheo, triing lap vdi ndi dung cdc mdn khoa hpc khac Hpc thuyfi''t... ihanh eo sd thuc lifin cua khoa hpc ly luan xdy dung Dang C.Mae thieh nhde lai edu tho cua dai thi hao Gdt ring: "Mpi Iy thuye''t deu xdm chi cd cay ddi mai mai xanh tuoi" Khoa hpe xay dttng Dang