VAI TRO CUA Mi HOC MAC L^NIN TRDNG GIRO DID t IHl l ; T H i Ml GHO SINH VlEN Vltl NAM HIEN NAY TS HOANG THUC LAN* Ngay nay, viee xem nhe giao due y thife tham ml (TM) cho the he tre Viet Nam ndi Chung[.]
VAI TRO CUA Mi HOC MAC-L^NIN TRDNG GIRO DID t IHll; T H i Ml GHO SINH VlEN Vltl NAM HIEN NAY TS N gay nay, viee xem nhe giao due y thife tham ml (TM) cho the he tre Viet Nam ndi Chung va sinh vien (SV) ndi rieng la mdt nhifng nguyen nhan din tdi su lech ehuan hanh vl, kT nang giao tie'p, van hda TM, bao luc hpc dudng , tao dieu kien cho sua dua cae ludng van hda dpe hai ben ngoaLDIeu lam can trdqua trinh hien thuc hda myc tieu GD-OTtoan dien,danh matdannhiinggia tri tiuyen thd'ng vase lam suy thoalnhan each, dao ddc xu the hdi nhap, toan eau hda hien Bai viet tap trung phan tieh va lam sang td vai trd cua MThgc (MH) Mie-Linin nhim ren luyen, nang eao nang luc TM tich cue, lanh manh cho the he tre Viet Nam hien Dac thii cua day hpc MH Mae-Linin MH Mie-Linin la khoa hpc nghien cifu ban chat va cac quy luat van ddng eua T/Wvdi tu each la gia tri TM chung eua cae suvat, hien tupng dupe hinh quan he TM cua eon ngudi vdi hien thuc MH Mie-Linin nghien cdu quan he giifa chii the'TM ya khach the'TM theo quy luat eua cai dep Chu the'TM phai la ngudi cd cam xiic TM, thj bleu TM, quan die'm va li tudng TM Ddng thdi, phai cd nhirng tri thifc, nang lucTM eung nhu trai nghiem cudc sd'ng mdled the' cam thu khach the mdt each dung din, tich cue theo quy luat cila eai dep 7iM quan niem cua /WW Wa'c-Z.e/7;f) la ketqua cua quan he TM Dd la quan he giifa eon ngudi vdi tu each la ehu the'TM vdi eae suvat, hien tupng hay vdi ngudi khac (tu each la dd'i tupng TM).Quan heTM giifa ngudlvdiddi sd'ng mang tinh phong phii, da dang, phiictap.Glifa ngudi vdi thegidi xung quanh, neu thieu quan he TM se trd nen cin cdi, khd edng, tham ehi rnat het tinh ngudi, gay hau qua nghiem trpng cho sutdn tai va phat trie'n eua xa hdi H O A N G THUC LAN* eao ca, eai thap hen, nghethuat (trong dd, caidep la ea ban va trung tam eCia MH) MH Mie-Lirjin cd tinh khoa hpc, tinh thue tiin, tinh dang sau sic nen nghien cuu va hpe tap mang lai eho ngudi nhifng gia trj TM tieh cue, tie'n bp, lanh manh, nhan van, nhan dao Oac thu eua MH Mie-Linin dupe bleu hien rd net dd'i tupng va phuang phap nghien cuu cua nd: - Ve dd'i tugng, MH nghien ciru md'i quan he giifa eon ngudi vdi hien thuc theo quy luat cua cai dep Tri thuc M H vifa chiJra dung ye'u td khoa hpe, vua chua dung ye'u td nghe thuat, nen khac vdi cac khoa hpc cP ban, thuan tiiy; - Vi phuang phip nghiinculi,MH dua tren he thd'ng cae phuang phap dl tif tn>u tuang de'n cu the, phuang phap logic va lich su, phan tich, tdng hpp, dien djch va quy nap, phuang phap he thd'ng cau true de khai thae dd'i tuong tim eai TM; - Viphia ngudi day, phai difng vifng tren lap tardng the'gidi quan, phuang phap luan vat bien chdng, cdtam hdn nghesT,tinh cam va nhifng hieu ble't ve cae loai hinh nghe thuat, td ehait cua ngudi nghe sT; ddng thdi, phai cd nang khieu vasunhaycam tren ITnh vi/eTM,cung nhutrainghiem thuc tien sau sic; - u ngudi hgc, phai ed xiic cam TM, ed tinh yeu nghe thuat va sutral nghiem thi/c tien, cd kha nang hieu biet ve gia tri TM Vai trd cua MH Mac-Lenin ren luyen, nang cao y thiic TM cho sinh vien (SV) 1) Trang bj nhifng tri thue liluan khoa hgc ca ban veTM Hpc tap va nghien cuu M H giiip SV nim bit va ITnh hdi nhirng tri thife ca ban cda eac pham trii ve cai dep, cai bi, cai hai, cai cao ca va cai thaip hen, eiing eae gia tri van hda nghe thuat; trang bi cho the he tre nhifng hie'u biet ve chua'n muc co ban cua cai dep (suhai hda, hoan thien, can xifng ve ndi dung va hinh thdc, mang lai gia trj TM tieh cue, lanh manh) Cai dep khdng chi la pham trii co ban ma cdn la trung tam cua MH, nen nam vifng tri thifc cua cai dep se giup S V cd y thife TM tich cue, biet tran trpng, vuon tdi va bao ve cai dep, cai cao ca eac Iinh vuc tu TM ludn chda dung thude tinh chung, ban ehait dd la gia tri TM cua cae suvat, hien tupng hien thue khach quan Gia trj TM khdng chl phu thude vao dac tinh vd'n cd cua cae su vat, hien tupng, ma cdn piiu thude vao nang lue cua ehu the'TM rWbaogldcung tdn tai eg the, sinh ddng cae linh vuc tuhhien,xa hdi, nghe thuat; bao gdm cai dep, cai bl, cai hai, cai * Tnriing Oai hoc si/ pham Ha N6I 24 Tap ehi Gido due so 326 (ki2-1/2014) nhien,xa hdi va nghe thuat Ben canh dd, cdn giiip SV dau tranh ehd'ng lai nhung bleu hien tieu cue ldi ble't phan biet cae pham tru phat sinh ideal dep, nhu: sd'ng eung nhu van hda TM cdaSV 4) Giup S V vuan tdi quan diem va ii tudng TM cai xa'u dd'i lap vdi cai dep (thieu can xifng, thieu hai hda, hoan thien); eai bi la vuon tdi eai dep (su hai hda, tieh cue phu hgp vdi edng cude xay dung ehu hoan thien) nhung bj thait bai; cai cao ca la eai vupt len nghia xa hdi a nude ta hien Dupe trang bj tren su hai hda, hoan thien (eai dep vupt trdi, tao cam vifng vang ve tri thdc TM cda cai dep, SV se biet tran nen nhung cam xiic TM tieh cue, lanh manh) deed trpng, phat huy nhifng gia trj van hda truyen thd'ng, dupe nhan thife dung din NSm vifng nhifng tri thdc li dao li tdt dep eua dan tdc va cae yeu td tien tie'n cua luan cua MH, SV ed them nang lire phan loai nhifng thdi dai; cd y thifc vuon tdi eac chua'n muc cao dep, dd'i tupng thue tetheo eae tieu ehi dep, xa'u, bl hpchdl, noi guong vT nhan, nhifng nha van hda cua dan tdc va nhan loai Chang han, SV nhan thdc hai, eao ca, thaip hen 2) Gdp phan hinh nhung quan niim TM dupe sucao cave nhan each va Id'l sd'ng, dao difc cila tich cue, lanh manh hudng tdi eae gia trj nhan Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh, se cd y thifc tu dudng, ren van MH trang bl cho ngudi hpe quan die'm TM tieh luyen, nd lue he't minh de'noi theo eac pham ehait eua cue, lanh manh tren ea sd phuang phap luan vat Ngudi; ed nghj lue vupt qua khd khan, ddng gdp sdc bien chirng cila chu nghTa Mac-Lenin Dupe trang bj luc vao su nghiep xay dung va bao ve To qud'c nhifng tri thdc khoa hpc CP ban ve TM, the he tre Viet 5) Hoan thien van hda TM SVhien Nam edythlie tu dudng, ren luyen, vuon tdi suhal hda, MH gdp phan nang cao van hda TM cho SV Viet hoan thien cho ban than va xa hdi; hudng tdi cae gia trj Nam, dupe hpc tap kie'n thdc eua mdn hpc nay, SV chan,thien, mT Biet giif gin net dep eua van hda truyen biet gan due, khai dung trude eac ludng van thd'ng; kethda, tie'p thu, chpn Ipc nhifng gia trj tien tie'n hda khac cila the'gidi Mdi SVse cdvan hda an, cua thdi dai, phii hop vdi van hda va ngudi Viet mac, d, giao tiep theo hudng tich cue, phu hpp vdi Nam; biet tran trpng, bao ve eai dep cude sd'ng, truyen thd'ng dan tdc, tie'p thu cae ye'u tdtlen tie'n cua cd y thiic dau tranh ehd'ng lai eai ae, cai xa'u, biet benh thdi dai SV se biet lua chpn trang phue phu hpp vdi lu'a vuc l§ phai, de ed ldi sd'ng eao dep, nhan van, nhan tud'i, nghe nghiep, dja vj xa hdi eung nhu hoan canh dao Han niia, vlec nim virng tri thdc co ban cua MH gia dinh de'dam bao mac gian dj nhung tinh te, hien edn giup SV biet tu hoan thien ban than vedde, tri, the, dai ma khdng keeh cam, khie phue tinh trang chay mT, bleu hien d trang phue, dau toe, ldi sd'ng, kTnang theo "mdf'mql each Id bjeh MH edn giup SV hoan giao tie'p, ung xued van hda, phii hpp vdi taiyen thd'ng thien kT nang giao tie'p, dng xu vdi mpi ngudi xung cua dan tdc va cd kha nang hdi nhap qud'c tetdt han quanh, dieu ehinh ldi an, tieng ndi van minh, lich su trude ngudi khac Khie phue Id'l giao tie'p thieu van 3) Giiip SV nhan diin, dau tranh ehd'ng iai hda, mail Ijch su, lam ton hai de'n ngudi khac va khdng nhirng quan diim TM tiiu cue, lech iac xu mang lai gia trj quan he xa hdi Ngoai ra, MH thi'hgi nhap a mgt bg phan gidi tre hien cdn giiip SV cd kha nang lua ehpn, danh gia cac tac Dupe trang bj tri thdc CO ban cua WW Wac-/.en;/7, giup pha'm nghe thuat (phim anh, am nhae, hdi hpa, khieu SV nang eao nang lue TM cila minh, biet dau tranh, vu ) phu hop vdi taiyen thd'ng dan tdc va bit nhjp phe phan nhifng hien tupng bait thudng; cd tri thdc, dupe vdi thdi dai; ren luyen y thdc bao tdn va phat huy tinh cam TM tieh cue, sang, lanh mgnh, bie'ttu cac gia trj van hda cua dan tdc Viet Nam hoan thien ban than ve mpi mat dua tren nen tang the gidi quan, phuang phap luan khoa hpc, theo djnh MH cd vai trd quan trpng dd'i vdi S V cac trudng hudng xahdi ehu nghTa Mdi pham tai eaban cua MH deu ren luyen va phattrien nang luc TM tieh ci/e cho dai hpc Nd khdng ehi trang bj eho SV he thd'ng tri SV nhu hinh nhifng cam xiic TM, thj hie'u TM, thuc eaban ve r/W(xue cam TM, thj hie'u TM, quan quan die'm TM, li tudng TM lanh manh Khi difng die'm TM, li tudng TM ) ma edn giiip SV cd kha tarde si/du nhap van hda ben ngoai, SV biet ehpn li/a nang van dung sang tao eae_pham trii tren nhifng gia trj, loal bd nhirng mat trai, khdng phii hpp nhan thdc va hoat ddng thi/e tien de' hoan thien ban de'vuon tdi eac gia trj chan, thien, mT; ddng thdi, biet than theo cac tieu ctii chan, thien, mTnhan van eao phe phan cae ludng van hda pharn ddc hai, trang ca Tddd, se dan khie phue dupe nhifng han che've phue hd hang, keeh cdm, nhifng bie'u hien thieu van ythdcTM ciia ban than, ble't dau tranh chdng lai cae hda giao tiep va ifng vdi mpi ngudi xung quanh, quan die'm TM kem lanh manh, dl ngupc lai vdi muc hay quan he tinh ban va tinh yeu ed y thiifc (Xem tie'p trang 31) Tap chi Gido due so 326 25 (ki2-1/2014) Vai tro cua mi hoc cdn ed y nghTa thuc tiln si/van dung, to ehde nghien cifu vaung dung thue nghiem Bai hpe ve PP (Tiep theo trang25) nghien edu dd'i vdi SV khdng nhat thiet phai chuyen sau, dl vao nhung khia canh ti mi(thdl lupng chuang tieu cila giao due TM Oe' nang eao ning luc TM trinh khdng cho phep) ma can hudng vao cae mue qua MH, theo chung tdi, can phai lam td't mdtsd van tieu hoan thien kie'n thdc ve PP luan, PPNCKH, each de sau: dua mdn MH vao chuang trinh dio chpn detai va glal quyet van de Tinh gia trj "bude dau tao cda eic trudng dai hgc; phit huy han nua vai trd nghien edu" ddi vdi de tai cua SV cung can dupe xem chu thi day, hoe MH; tao dieu kiin thuan Igi vi casd xet dua tren su khuye'n khich tinh ning ddng, sang vit chat eho qui trinh day MH ndi riing vi day hgc tao cua SV Bai day cho SV cung nen dat d mdc vda ndi ehung; doi mdi cdng tic dao tao ddi ngu giang sdc, khdng nen "eau keo" chuang trinh dao tao NCKH viin day MH; ting eudng day cic mdn khoa hgc hd cho hpcvien cao hpc deap dung eho SV; cung khdng trg viec ren luyen y thdc TMehoS V, die biit ii Vin nen tieu chua'n hda mdi bai day phai la mdt phat kie'n, hgc Am nhae, Hdi hga U "mpt edng trinh khoa hpc" lam qua sdc tie'p nhan cua SV DH vda sue va trpng tam dap dng ddi hdi thi/e Tai lieu tham khao Hoai Lam Tim hieu mi hpc Mac-LSnin NXB Vdn chat cua S V vdi khoa hpe dang la dich hudng tdi cua hda,U 1979 nhieu GV hieu rd van de NCKH dtrudng DH D6 Huy Cai dep - mpt gia tri NXB Thong tin li San pham NCKH cua SV thehien bp mat tri thuc eua ludn, H 1985 nhatmdng, ddng thdi khing djnh thuong hieu eua nha Dang Vu Hoat - Ha The' NgO Giao due hpc, tap tmdng denhatmdng canh tranh binh dang va phattrie'n NXB Gido due, H 1987 Cdledinh eao ketquahpe tap eua SV khdng phai nam d Mai Thj Quy Toan cau hoa va vSi'n de k£ thua mdt nhiing die'm sd ma ehinh la nhung de tai nghien cuu, set gia tri truyen thong cua dSai tpc btfi canh nhung van de khoa hpc dupe manh nha, phat kien Cd toan cdu hoa Iil6n NXB Khoa hpc xd hdi, H 2009 the ket qua NCKH eua SV cdn ddang thd, ehua day du VO van ThSng Xay dung Wi stfng a ViSt Nam hiSn nhung da phan anh dupe sue manh eiia tiem luc khoa (ttrgbc dp van hoa truyen th^Tng dan tpc) NXB Vdn hda - Thong tin & Vien Vdn hoa, H 2006 hpe, tu hudng ve eai mdi, cai sang tao Vo van Thang "Anh huang cua ndn kinh t£ thj *** truang dSn viec xSy dung iP'i song a nu6c ta hien Hoat ddng NCKH la van de quan trpng eua tmdng nay" Tap chi Cdng sdn, s6' 10/ 2006 DH Day SV NCKH la nhiem vu, trach nhiem cila GV Huynh Khai Vinh (chu bien) Mdtstf van d^ vl Iffi nhim liudng tdi sutudo, binh ding ve hpc thuat,_tri thut; sd'ng, dao dii-c, chu^n gia tri xa hpi NXB Chinh tri khoa hpe Mdn PPNCKHcan dupe quan tam dau tu vequdc gia-Su thdt, H.IOW mpi mittdphia lanh dao, quan li nhatmdng, ngudi lam Nguyen Ngpc Ha (chii bien) DSc diem tuduy va Idi chuong trinh,ddinguGV,vasuedng hudng tdldng nhiet sdng cua ngudi Viet Nam hien nay: Mdt sd van de tinh, thai dp hpc tap hpp tac, tieh cue eua SV.Q If luan va thuc tiln NXB Khoa hpc xd hdi,H.20\\ Tai lieu tiiam Icliao VD Cao D^m Pliuniig phdp luan nghi€n cihi khoa hoc ^fXB Khoa hpc vd kl thudt, H 2005 Pham Vi€t Vuang Phuong phap lu^n nghien ciiu khoa hpc NXB Dai hpc qud'c gia Hd Ndi, 2009 NguySn Nggc Quang Lf luan day hoc dai cuong Truang Can bO quan li giao due Trung uong 1, H 1989 Le NgQC Giang d^y v^ nghien ciiu a dai hpc Ml, www.tiasang.com.vn ng^y 23/02/2011 SUMMARY Subject scientific method are taught in college will help students knowledge the methodology Subject scientific method It introduces the scientific research at higher education The paper addresses the technical characteristics of Subject scientific method, change teaching methods In higher education programs (ki2-1/2014) SUMMARY Aesthetic awareness helps Vietnamese students realize the beauty and humanity and build up the personalities necessary for a scientist and a social servant In the future Enhancing students'aesthetic competence through aesthetics is undoubtedly essential Aesthetics helps students comprehend basic aesthetic knowledge so that they can improve their communication skill Also, aesthetics can help students understand how to struggle against ugliness and cruelty Moreover, teaching aesthetics will also satisfy the educational objectives which help students quest for the goodness, the truth and the beauty This paper, therefore, will focus on analyzing the substance, the special characteristics and the roles of aesthetics in raising Vietnamese studen ts' aesthetic sense The paper will then surest some solutions to Improving students' aesthetic competence and satisfying our society's needs In the transitional period to socialism Tap chi Gido due so 326 31 ... van hda TM SVhien Nam edythlie tu dudng, ren luyen, vuon tdi suhal hda, MH gdp phan nang cao van hda TM cho SV Viet hoan thien cho ban than va xa hdi; hudng tdi cae gia trj Nam, dupe hpc tap... bie''ttu cac gia trj van hda cua dan tdc Viet Nam hoan thien ban than ve mpi mat dua tren nen tang the gidi quan, phuang phap luan khoa hpc, theo djnh MH cd vai trd quan trpng dd''i vdi S V cac trudng... Bai day cho SV cung nen dat d mdc vda ndi ehung; doi mdi cdng tic dao tao ddi ngu giang sdc, khdng nen "eau keo" chuang trinh dao tao NCKH viin day MH; ting eudng day cic mdn khoa hgc hd cho hpcvien