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a z HIEU BIET DINH IHDNG MDT CACH DE GAN KET TOAN HDC a NHA TRUdN(3 VOI THUC T I I N NGUYEN THI TAN AN* Vdimuctleu "chu trgng ung dung thuc ti", "ting cudng nhung ndidung tht/e tiin, thiit thue, gangu[.]
a z HIEU BIET DINH IHDNG - MDT CACH DE GAN KET TOAN HDC a NHA TRUdN(3 VOI THUC T I I N NGUYEN THI TAN A N * V dimuctleu "chu trgng ung dung thuc ti", "ting cudng nhung ndidung tht/e tiin, thiit thue, ganguivdicudcsd'ngciiahgcsinh(HS)"('\), chuang trinh va sich giio khoa (SGK) mdn Toin hien da chpn Ipc v i dua vao nhieu bii tapxuat phat tdthue tiln; sudung cic tinh hud'ng thuc tiln de dan dit hpe sinh (HS) de'n nhifng khii niem, kie'n thdc mdi; thdng qua cac vidudecungedkhii niem, edng thdc, quy tic; cung cip mdtsdtulieu giup HS thay dupe md'i lien he giua toin hpe (TH) va thuc tiln Nhirng bai tap nhu vay la can thie't de' nha'n manh cae khii nipm, ren luyen kT nang tinh toan, dem lai niem vui, hdng thu hpe tap eho HS nhung chua dudeHScdthe'giai quye't dupe cae tinh hud'ng thi/etiln Nhiing nam gan day, hie'u biet djnh lupng (HBOL) da eang dupe quan tam nha tmdng nham dap dng muc tieu gin ket giua TH vdi thi/c tiln Bai viet gidl thieu mdtsd khai niem vabieu hien cua HBDL, dua ba li can thie't de trang bj HBDLchoHS deae trudng phdthdng Hieu biet djnh luang Trong day hpc toin, HS thudng ap dung cac cdng thdc, quy tic, quy trinh, thuat toan da dupe hpe vao tdng nhipm vu eu the, ching ban: tim tap xac djnh, khac sat subien thien, glal phupng trinh, bat phuang trinh, hp bait phuang trinh Deed the'van dung mdt each linh boat, phu hpp vao qua trinh giai toan, HS can hieu y nghTa cua eae phep toin, eac khai niem va cd kha ning ket nd'i nhieu y tudng toan hpc khie Vi du 1: HS ldp cd the d l dang tra Idi eau hdi "21000 x 1,3 = ?" bing each su dung quy tie nhan mdt sd tu nhien vdi sd thap phan da dupe hpc Tuy nhien, tmdng hop khdng cd giay viet hoac may tinh tren tay, ching ban: "dichg, em mua 1,3kg tio,^ gii moikildgam tio la 21000 ding, vay em phai tra 6ao/7/i;eu//e/7?",HS caned kha ning tinh nha'm Khi hie'u quy tic thuc hien phep nhan, nhan mdt so thap phan vdi 10, hieu vj tri cila cae ehdsd, tinh chat phan phdl cua phep nhan dd'ivdiphep edng, HS edthethay the 21000 X 1,3 bdi 2100 X 13 va tinh nha'm bing caeh2100x 10+ 2100x3 hoac 2000x13+ 100x13 (ki2-1/2014) hoac 21000 + 2100 x Khdng phai HS Idp nao eung tra Idi dung tinh hud'ng Vidu2: Dua vao hinh 1, bleu diin doanh thu dat dupe (mau den) so vdi muc tieu de ban dau (mau tring) d hai edng ti A vaB nim 2012, mdt HS so sanh nhu sau: so vdi muc tieu ban dau, cdng ti A can ting them 50 trieu VNO, edng ti B chican ting them 30 trieu VNO.Dodd,edng tiB gan datmuetieu ban MdtHS khie sudung ti le de'so sanh va nhan thay edng tl A gan dat mue tieu ban dau ban vi da thuc hien 5/6 (83,33%) muc tieu eua minh edng ti B ehi dat 3/4 (75%) Trong vi du nay, neu HS hieu rd cac khai niem ve phan sd, ti le phan tram, cac em se tim dupe ldi giai so sanh eae phan eua cac dai lupng ed kich thude khienhau CongtlA CongtlB Kha ning eua HS su Hinh t Doanh thu d^t duoe so vdi dung kie'n thuc muc tieu dera ciia cong HA va B toin da hpc de giai quye't hieu qua cae tinh hud'ng thuc te nhu hai vi du tren la nhung bie'u hien ciia HBOL Cd nhieu djnh nghTa khac ve HBOL, theo chung tdj, ed the hie'u: "Hieu bietdinh lugng li kha ning dinhan ra,^ hiiu vi sddijng cic kiin thdc toin mdt eieh hiiu qua nhirng tinh hud'ng djnh lugng cua eude sd'ng hing ngiy td tinh hudng quen thude din eic tinh hudng mdi khdng quen thudd (2) Theo djnh nghTa tren, tinh hud'ng djnh lupng la mdt tinh hud'ng thue te chua dung cac ye'u td djnh luang nhu: sd'lugng, trgng lugng, kich thude, diin tieh, tiie, phan trim, Nhuvay, HBOL quan tam de'n vipc HS cd the sd dung kie'n thuc, kT ning hoc tip da thu nhan dupe vao giai quyet eic tinh hud'ng djnh lupng thuc tiln hay khdng ' Khoa Toan, Tnrcingfiaihoc sir pham -fiaihpc Hue Tap chi Gido due so 326 47 Cac bje'u hien eua HBOLra'tdadang, phong phu, bing ehung thd'ng ke v i cic lap luan lien quan de'n tur dan gian de'n phue t?p, chang ban: kha ning udc xic suit de thuyet phue vien ban hdi tha'm lupng; kha ning chuye'n dd'i giira cie don vj tien te; Qua dieu tra, Hiep hdi eae tmdng dai hpe dMTAAC&U kha ning dpe hieu thj, thi/c hien cac phep toan lien da chi md'i quan tam cua nhirng ngudi su'dung lao quan de'n phan trim, xay dung md hinh TH, phan ddng ve eic kT nang HBOL cua sinh vien de eac em tich mdt md hinh toin ed sin, dpe hieu du lieu dupe cd the'thuc hien td't cdng viec tuong lai trinh bay bleu dd, lua chpn va the'hien mdt dang 3) Suquan tam eua cae nha nghien cdu bie'u dd lien quan de'n tinh hud'ng giao due Mac du yiu eau ve HBBL mdi xuat hien vio cud'i thikiXX, nhung HBBL ii mdt nhifng Suean thiet HBDL xa hpi 1) Xuat phat tu nhu eau thue te'ThekiXXI la ning luc HS can dugc trang bjdnhi trudng Biiu the'ki tran ngap cae sdlieu,chung ta cdthe'tim tha'y cung chiphoi viee dinh gii vi anh hudng din chuang vd sd thdng tin cudc sd'ng hang va tren trinh toin ciia nhiiu nude nhu: Anh, Bdc, Ue, MT, Ban cie phuong tien tmyen thdng; dd, ddi hdi ngudi Mach, Hi Lan (3) Tren pham vl toin cau, HBDL da phai ed kha ning phan tieh, xd li thdng tin mdt each va dang thu hut suquan tam cua nhieu tdchde giao "hieu blef dedua nhiing nhan djnh ed casd Vidu: due ed uy tin, ehing ban: lALS (The International cic bai viet sirdung phep djnh lupng de bio cio su Adult Literacy Survey) - mdt chuong trinh dieu tra gia ting gii xing; eic quang cio siidLing eae sd qud'c teve hie'u biet eua ngudi tmdng thinh; NECQL • de canh tranh ve gia cua cae hpp ddng dien thoai; diin dan viing Ddng Bic ve HBOL (Northeast bojie cac boat ddng gan gui hon vdi cudc sd'ng cua Consortium on Quantitative Literacy); chuang trinh mdi ei nhan nhu: dpe hie'u ljch trinh xe buyt, bleu cic danh gia HS qud'c te'PISA loai hda don (dien, nude, dien thoai), len ke'hoach ehi Ketqua khao sat HBDL tieu, trang tri sip xep De kiem tra kT n3ng toan Bi kiem tra HBDL (90 phut) dd dac nha {45 phut) 2) Sir thay dd'i Phi djch vu cua goi cudc QTeen mang di dpng Cho hai h^m sd: nhu eau TH cda xa Mobiphone la 1.280 dong cho moi phut goi Goi cudc Basic f[x) = l,28x Ap/ Cac phat minh TH cua mang di dong Viettei co phi thue bao 1^ 50.000 dong g(x) = 50+0,99;t; da phit trie'n vdi tdc dp moi thang cpng them 990 dong cho moi phut gpi Theo em, Vdi nhifng gia tri nao cOa x thi sur dung goi cudc nao se tiet kiem chi phi hon? Tai sao? nhanh chdng ba f{x)>g(,x);f{x)