QUY TRiNH Rbl IIIYEN Kl NANG KAY DIING GRAPH CHO SINH VIEN TRONG DAY HOC SINH HOC ThS NGUYEN THANH MY" Sudung phuong phip graph vao day hgc Sinh hgc (DHSH) cd vai trd rat Idn trong viec ren Juyen tu d[.]
QUY TRiNH Rbl IIIYEN Kl NANG KAY DIING GRAPH CHO SINH VIEN TRONG DAY HOC SINH HOC ThS NGUYEN THANH MY" S udung phuong phip graph vao day hgc Sinh Bude Kiem tra, hoan thien graph da lap de hgc (DHSH) cd vai trd rat Idn viec ren hoan thien graph tren cae mat sau day: - Tinh khoa Juyen tu logic, sang tao cho hpe sinh (HS) /70c:-f Graph phai trung vdi ndidung dupe md Thuc tiln cho thay, nghien edu dng dung phuong phap hinh hda ve cau true logic, phan anh ehinh xie ndi graph vao DHSH da duqc nhieu tac gia nghien euu, dedung kie'n thdc; + Graph phai sap xep dung cac bac xuat nhieu giai phap cai tie'n dd'i mdi de khdng ngung ndi dung can nhin thdc; + Cac md'i lien he glda eae nang cao ehait lupng day hpe (DH) Tuy nhien, xay dinh da d'n thda ehua?, da mang tinh khii quit nha't, dung nen tang, cung ci'p day du kie'n thuc li thuyet, quy bao phu kie'n thuc trpng tam hay ehua?; - Tinh su trinh xiy dung v i s u dung graph cho dd'i tupng l i sinh pham:_+ Graph dam bao truyen thu kie'n thdc ngin vien (S V) su pham - nhOng giio vien SH tuong lai de'n gpn, d l hieu, d l nhd; -i- Graph ed dam bao kich thich chua ed cdng trinh nao nghien euu Trong pham dupe ngudi hpe hay khdng? Cd gpi vi'n de cho vi bai viet, chung tdi de xual quy trinh ren luyen cho S V HS?Cd tang cudng sutim tdi kham phi eua HS hay kT nang (KN)xay dung graph ndidung phue vuDHSH khdng?; - Tinh tham ml Graph phai dupe trinh bay LQuytrinh lap graph dep, d l nhin, giup HS d l ding ITnh hdi kie'n thdc Bude Xac djnh muc tiiu eua bai hgc bao Quy trinh ren luyen cho SV KN xay dung gom xie djnh muc tieu ve kie'n thdc, KN va hanh vl graph npi dung DHSH thai dp can dupe hinh eho HS Bude Giang viin (GV)hudngdin veiithuyet Bude Cau true hda ngi dung M uc dich cua graph vaquy trinh xay dung graph ngidung\.hbng vlec cau tme hda ndi dung cua bai, chuong, phan la qua he thd'ng til lieu tap hua'n Day la bude rat quan cau tnJc hda ndi dung theo he thd'ng de' lim Id dupe trpng, nhim trang bj eho SV nhung kie'n thdc co ban cae dinh (dinh xuat phit, dinh ehinh, dinh phu, dinh eua phuang phap graph, deSV hinh dung dupe day nhanh, ), cac md'i lien he gida cic dinh (eae eung) du eae thao tic thuc hien eua quy trinh Bude Xac dinh eae dinh va cac cung cua Bude 2.GV hudng din S V nim dugc trinh tu graph: - Luachpn nhung don vj kie'n thuc co ban eua npi dung, moi don vj kie'n thdc se gid mdt dinh eae bude lap graph, ddng thdi thuc hien eac thao tie graph Xac djnh kie'n thdc eo ban eho cie dinh cua mau Khi thue hien bude can ed mdt quy trinh graph ndi dung dupe thue hien nhu sau: + Doc kT ndi rieng, GV dua cic bai tap miu theo cic mue dp dung eua bai hpc, chu y eic de muc, xem xet ndi dung khac Bude SVthue hanh theo miu, G Vquan sat, decap de'n van de gi; + Xic dinh eic muc Idn cd cac m uc nhd, cd don vj kie'n thdc tang, bae hay khdng?;dieu ehinh Tren eo sd cac mau da quan sit, GV +Phan tich ndi dung dexae dinh y chinh ciia tunc; m ue,cho SV thue hanh xiy dung graph bing eic bai tap tieu mue, eic don vi kie'n thuc tang, bac, ; + Sip xep tuong tu, de' SV lam quen dan vdi each xay dung cae don vj kien thue vao cac dinh theo logic ndi dung graph GV quan sit SV thuc hanh, sda chua dieu cua bai hpc; - Xac djnh eung tdc l i thiet lap cae md'i ehinh nhung chd SV thue hien chua hpp li quan he giua cae dinh cua graph de'dien ta md'i quan Bude 4.SV luyen tap KN thdng qua eae bai he phu thude giua ndi dung eae dinh vdi lam tap Sau SV bit chude thue hien theo cac thao tie phan anh duqc logic phit trie'n cda ndi dung dd miu, G V tdchde eho SV luyen tap KN xay dung graph Budc4 Xay dung graph.Bay labudc sip xq: eac bing eieh giao eho eic bai tap Dua vao kie'n thuc da dinh va cac eung eua graph len mat phing Thdtu eic dupe hpc, SV van dung de tu xiy dung cac graph dinh dupe bat dau td dinh xuat phit rdi den cae dinh chinh, tiep de'n la cae dinh phu, rdi de'n dinh nhanh, (ki2-1/2014) * Tnroing Sailioc Vinh Tap chi Gido due so 326 57 theo yeu eau eua bai tap Bii tap se duqc GV cung (dinh eua graph) rat don gian, nhien d bude cap theo cic dang khac nhau, dp khd va dp phde tap eung can kie'm tra lai tinh khoa hpe cua graph, tinh can dupe ting dan ehinh xic eua eac don vj kie'n thdc va md'i quan he BudeS Kiem tra, danh gia KN xay dung graphgiua ehung (eung cua graph) Graph dupe xiy dung SVdadugcrenluyennham phue vu DHSH dtrudng ed dam bao giup HS d l hie'u, de nhd va nhdsau kie'n phdthdng, nang cao cha't lupng DH Vi vay, trude het thdc hay khdng; cd gpi eho HS lien he thue te'dl dang la kiem tra, dinh gia KN xay dung graph, tie'p de'n la khdng, ed dam bao tinh thi'm mT bay khdng 2) Bai tap ren luyen KN xay dung graph day hudng vao KN sudung graph vio DH cua SV Bude edtheehla lim giai doan: 1) SV tudanh gii, tu kii'n thuc veea che', qua trinh Bii tap Anh (chi) hay tdehue giang d^y "Cachi dieu ehinh eic KN da dupe ren luyen; 2) G V kiem tra, van chuye'n cic chat qua ming sinh chii" (Bai 11 dinh gia KN eua SV Mpt so'bai tap de ren luyen cho SV KN xay SH10) bingphuang phap sPdd hda Hudng dan thuc hien: dung graph npi dung DHSH Bude / HS phai nim dupe cie eo che van chuyen 1) Bai tap ren luyen KN xay dung graph day thu ddng vachu ddng qua ming sinh cha't: -Trinh bay kii'n thue ve khai niim Bii tap 1: Bua vio hiiu biit cua minh, anh (chj) dupe eac kieu van chuyen thu ddng va ehu ddng qua hiy hinh thinh cho HS khiiniim "Quang hgp" (bii ming sinh chat; - Giai thich dupe su khac biet giira van chuye'n thu dpng va ehu ddng 17-SH10) bing phuang phip graph Bude Ndidung trgng tim ciia bii hgc niy li ca Hudng dan thuc hien: ehi van chuyen thu dgng vi ehu ddng qua ming sinh Bude Khai niem "quang hpp" HS da dupe lim ehat Cie kie'n thue trpng tim bao gdm: - Khai niem quen mdt each so ding dehuong trinh SH6,vi vay, d vaco che van chuyen thu ddng Cac kieu van chuye'n bai khii niem "quang hpp" duqc trinh bay vdi m ue qua ming: Khue'eh tan true tie'p, khueeh tin qua kenh dich la mdt hinh thdc chuye'n hda ning lupng d cap protein xuyen mang, protein die biet Cae ye'u tdanh dote bao hudng tdi tdc dp khueeh tan qua mang; - Khai niem va Bude2 Can xac djnh ndi dung kie'n thdc can hinh CO che van chuyen ehu ddng; - Khai niem va co che eho HS: - Quang hpp la gi?; • Nhung sinh vat nhap bao va xuat bao nao cd kha ning quang hop?; - Co quan thuc hien Bude Lua chgn cic dinh graph, cie cung - Li/a quang hpp?; - Vai trd eua tung bd phan cua lue lap chpn dinh xuatphat: Co che van chuye'n eac chat qua quang hpp?; - Phuong trinh td'ng quit eua qui mang; - Lua chpn dinh ehinh: Co che van chuye'n thu trinh quang hpp? ddng, chu ddng, nhap bao va xuat bao; - Lua ehpn Bude Tit phan tich d bude 2, SV lua ehpn eic cic dinh phu, dinh nhanh: Khai niem, co che, ban dinh dexay dung graph nhusau: - Binhxuitphit ed chat cua cic khai niem, ca che, ; - Xac djnh md'i the SI} dung tieu de cua bai hpc; - Cie dinh quan he giua dinh xuat phit vdi cac dinh ehinh, glda c/r/h/r: khai niem, cac loai sinh vat cd kha ning quang eic dinh ehinh vdi eac dinh phu va dinh nhanh hpp, phuang trinh chung cua quatrinh quang hop, ; - Cic dinh phu vi dinh nhinh: bao gom ban chi't Khu&h t i n true tifip CcrchAv^n hoac md ta die diem, tinh cha't eac khai niem cua chuyin thy d^ng C&c kiSu v^n chuyin Ktiutfch tdn quB kftnh ih^d^ngquamAng protein xuyenmAng dinh ehinh, (coehS) ^ Khuich tdn qua kfinh 6i/dc4.Tren CO sdndi dung kie'n thdc eua SGK v i protein d^cbl^ KM\ ni^m j ket qua cua bude 3, SV tien hanh lap graph eho khai niem "Quang hpp" nhusau: Khdi ni$m OJd ITlnh si} d^ng nfing li/^ng dnli sdng d^ 1&,g IKTP difith(>u