REN LUYEN Kl NANG GIAI BAI TAP Dl TRUYEN CHO SINH Vl iN NGANH Sif PHAM SINH HDG TAI TRirdNG OAI HOC VINH ThS TRAN THI G A I * Trong he thong cac tri thu''''c Sinh hpe (SH) giang day dtn/dng phothong, pha[.]
REN LUYEN Kl NANG GIAI BAI TAP Dl TRUYEN CHO SINH VliN NGANH Sif PHAM SINH HDG TAI TRirdNG OAI HOC VINH ThS TRAN THI G A I * T rong he thong cac tri thu'c Sinh hpe (SH) giang day dtn/dng phothong, phan kien thue Ditmyen /jpc coy nghla ratquan trpng cave mat nhan thu'c vathuc tien.Thuc te hien nay, kTnang (KN) giai bai tip di truyen (GBTDT) cua sinh vien su pham (SVSP)SH eon yeu Vivay, viec ren luyen KNGBTDT la mpt mpt viec lam cap bach degop phan hoan thien KN nghe cho SV, nh^m dap ung yeu cau doi moi phUPng phap cung nhu nang cao chat lupng day hpe mon SWophothong hien nay, I.ThiJctrangveKN GBTDT cua SVSP SH De xac lap eo sd thuc tien cho viec ren luyen KN GBTDTcho SVSP^SH, nam hpc20i3-2014, Chung toi tien hanh tim hieu ve thuc trang KN GBTDT eua 240 SVSP tai khoa SH - Tmong Dai hpc Vinh (SV nam thu nhat (khoa 54:84), nam thiJr hai (khoa 53: 87), nam thirba (khoa 52:38), nam thirtu (khoa 51: 31)), ketquathu dupc nhusau: 1) Thuc trang ren luyen KN giai B T cua SVkhi hgc atrudng THPT.Qanh gia miic dp ren luyen KN giai bai tap (BT) cua SV thdi gian hpc d THPT, chung toi dua tren c o s d danh gia eua SV ve miic dp ren luyen KN giai BTmagiao vien SH dtrudng THPT da day (xem bang I) Bang Mi/c ren luyen KN glai BT cua SV hgcffTHPT tfiiK tWi rtm luvAn Naidungv^nH^ ThuongluySn SAiinws Ti\i% SV OMc ien m v ^ KN GBTDT t w i g b i l MX Up SV AHC KMng lUn l i f i kiyOi KN GBTDT 3? 2.9 11,2 Tdm 131, pUn Ilch wi tic iTinh nhiemi-uctia baitap 31 1!,9 minh ItioSni] w!g Tili% Khdng S6 K 144 GO 89 3.0 160 66.7 53 22,1 w 55.8 75 31,3 12S 52.1 25 10 9Q 37,6 iisu en Thi/c hien cliiKinfl Irlnh Qiii 30 12,5 102 4?S IDS 45 KiemlialailiGtqua 14 5,B 84 35,1 142 591 Titnn Hiy ldi gi j l 13 5,4 82 34,2 145 SO tivdJngcliifOngtnnrialii Bang tren cho thay: -Ti le S V thudng xuyen dupc ren luyen KN GBTDT eho HS rat thap, phan Idn SV (60%) thinh thoang dupc ren luyen, co tdi 37,1 % SV khong 6iiqc ren luyen KN cac gidlen ldp P T H P T T I le SV dupc hudng d i n ren luyen KN giai 60 Tap chi Gido due so 338 BT qua trinh tu hpc cao hon cac gid len ldp ehinh khda; - Trong cac tieu ehi CP ban de giai bai tap, SV chu yeu dupc tap trung ren luyen mpt so KN nhu: tom t§t, phan tich va xac dinh nhiem vu eua BT (12,9%), xay dung chuong trinh gial (10,4%), thuc hien chuong trinh giai (12,5%), KN kiem tra lai ket qua (5,8%) chua duac quan tam ren luyen nhieu KN dupc it quan tam ren luyen nhat la trinh bay bai giai (5,4%) Tl le SV khdng dupe ren luyen KN chiem tdi (60,4%), 2) Thuc trang veKN GBTDT eua S VSP SH hien nay.Decd c o s d ren luyen KN giai BT eho SVSP SH, chung toi da tien hanh khao sat bang bai kiem tra tU luan, ket hpp trao doi, phong vin 30 SV khoa 51, ket qua thu dupc nhu sau: Bang Ketquakhao sat mu'c giai BT ciJaSVSPnamlhu'4 MiJc K6\ dung - Bi4l each lim I3t phan tich de bai s& TIIS 16 53,3 11 32,3 10,3 - X3v dung chuang tnnh giai •Tdi/oHiSncliUOrg irinh giai - Kilm lr3 lai kM quS - Tnnh Day IDi gidi dfiy du, sue t e n , chinn nic - Bk xuat diTDc cacti giSi moi Ketqua thu dupc cho thay, sd'SV d mu'c dp Cpn rat thap (10,3%) Dieu ed the li giai, qua trinh trac nghiem khach quan nen each hpc, lam bai ehu yeu latinh nhanh detim ketqua Vivay, da so SV edn chua cd KN trinh bay Idi giai, chua thue sutim tdi hudng gial m Kieu gen P - ^ (lien ket gen) -Kiem tra lai kel qua vi trinh bay ldi giai yeu eau SV xem lai cac budc giai chitiet Cd viet lai so lai cd the xem la thao tac kiem tra dam bao tinh chinh xac eua dap an Budc Cijng CO KN qua viec giai cac BT tuong tu BT mau BT: Cho nhung cay ea chua Fl c6 cung kieu gen vdi kieu hinh eay eao, qua tu thu phan, F2 thu dupc tl le phan tinh kieu hinh- 50,16% cao, dd; 24,84% cao, vang; 24,84% thap, do; 0,16% thap, vang, Bien luan va viet so dd lai t u F I den F2, Budc Phattrien KN giai BT luyen tip theo mau cd/?/entfd/lDerenluyenthemKN tunghlen euu, tinh sang tao cho SV, cd the mptsd BT cd bien ddi so vdi eae BT da dua trudc dd Vi du cho biet kieu hin h cua P va cho biet trudc kieu gen cua Fl hoac khong eho biet trudc kieu hinh cua P va kieu gen cua F l va cho biet tile % mpt loai kieu hinh dthe he lai F2 nhung khdng phai la mang ca hai tinh trang lan (aa,bb), ma thudng mang mot tinh trang trpi va mpt tinh trang lan (A-,bb hoae aa,B-) Vi du: Khi lai thu lua than cao, hat gao trongvai this liJa than thap, hat due F l thu dupc toan cay than cao, hat gao due Cho Fl tu thy vdi nhau, d F^ thu dupc 15600 cay bao gdm kieu hinh, dd co 3744 cay than eao, hat Biet r^ng, moi tinh trang mpt gen tac dpng rieng re quy djnh Bien luan va viet sP 66 lai tii' P den F^ Budc Ren luyen KN giai B T tong hep H udn g d i n SV giai cac dang BT ddang nang eao, tong hpp nhu: BT ket hpp quy luat tUPng tac gen va hoan vj gen; quy luat phan li doc lap va hoan vj gen Day la nhung dang BT thudng diing bdi dudng hpe sinh gidi dphdthdng Tap chi Gido due so 338 ViecdaotaoSVSPSH, ngoai viec trang bjchoSV nhung tri thuc SH co ban du de cd the lam tdt nhiem vu day hpc SH phd thdng, cac trudng SP can ren luyen KNSP can thiet, dd cd KN GBTDT Viee ren luyen KN can cd cd mdt qua trinh, tuan thu cac nguyen t^c eung nhu quy trinh nghiem ngat.Q Tai lieu t h a m khao I NguySn Minh Cong, Bai t^p di truyen hoc NXB Gido due 200.'? Phan Diic Duy Sudiiitii hdi tdp tinh huong sir pham de ren liiySn cho sinh vi^n ki ndng day hpc Sinh hoc Luan an tien slgiiio due, Dai hpc qurfc gia, H 1999 Nguyfin Thanh D^t - Phiim Van Lap - Dang HQu Lanh - Mai Sy Tuan Sinh hoc 12 NXB Gido diie, H 2006 Le Dinh Trung Cac d a n g bai tap chon IQC V6 di t r u y e n - b i e n dj NXB Dai hoc qud'c gia H.201 I SUMMARY Train solving skills training for graduate students in genetics teaching plays a very important role This IS an urgent Jobs, m order to contribute to improve professional skills for students In order to meet the requirements of innovative methods as well as improve the quality of teaching in secondary biology today Khai thac cac tinh huong (Tiep theo trang 53) hoc nha tru'oTij' NXB D(ii hoe supham Hd NOi 2005 (3) Phan Anh Gdp phdn phdt trim lUSng luc todn hgc hda finh huong thuc tihi cho hoc sinh trung hoc phS ihfing qua day hpe Dai w vd gidi lich Luan an li^n si giao due hoc Vien Khoa hpc giao due Vi$t Nam, H 2012 Tai lieu t h a m k h a o TO van Ban Xac suat va thong ke NXB Gido due VietNam,\\.H)\Q http://www.htwalers.com/probab/flip/coinmaLn D.hlml SUMMARY Creating motivation and excitement in studying for students Is one of four basic elements of teaching methods; moreover, it also Is important and necessary to create motivation and excitement for students Creating motivation for student means that it makes students aware of the significance of the activities and of the object of activities This article mentions some techniques to exploit the practical situation to create motivation and excitement for students while teaching probability statistics for them (ki2-7/2014) ... khao I NguySn Minh Cong, Bai t^p di truyen hoc NXB Gido due 200.''? Phan Diic Duy Sudiiitii hdi tdp tinh huong sir pham de ren liiySn cho sinh vi^n ki ndng day hpc Sinh hoc Luan an tien slgiiio due,... ren luyen KNGBTDT cho SV Trong dd, chu yeu la cau hdi tim tdi, cau hdi djnh hudng, BT nhan thiit; - Su dung phieu hoc tap va ehia nhdm de toehue hoatdpng giai BT cho SV Trong thdigian len Idp,... cd/?/entfd/lDerenluyenthemKN tunghlen euu, tinh sang tao cho SV, cd the mptsd BT cd bien ddi so vdi eae BT da dua trudc dd Vi du cho biet kieu hin h cua P va cho biet trudc kieu gen cua Fl hoac khong eho