DmfmHpCi i isms, LY LUAN DAY VA HOC Giao due nhan van cho sinh vien dai hoc PGS TS vo TAN QUANG 1 Giao dge ky thuSt va giao due nhSn v3n hai chigu kicli giao dge d^i hge (GDDH) Phit triln GDDH nUde nh[.]
DmfmHpCi :i.isms, LY LUAN DAY VA HOC Giao due nhan van cho sinh vien dai hoc PGS.TS vo TAN QUANG Giao dge ky thuSt va giao due nhSn v3n hai chigu kicli giao dge d^i hge (GDDH) Phit triln GDDH nUde n h i dl v i o thip ky thU hai cQa t h i ky XXI dang l i mdt v i n de dupc c i x i hdi quan tim: cd thit sy thinh nude edng nghiep theo hudng hien dgi hay khdng, ed vUdt qua dupc "biy thu nhip trung binh" ("Middle Income Trap" - Ngin hing T h i gldi) hay khdng, phin Idn phy thudc vio diy Dd chfnh l i vin d l nguon nhin lyc cd trinh dd cao, v i n ngUdi, tyu trung Igi l i v i n de phat triln giio dye, dd tiSu dilm l i chit lupng giio dye ed d i p Qng dupc nhu cau phit tnin dit nudc hay khdng (diy l i mdt ba ddt p h i tnin khai Chiln luyc phit triln dit nude 2010-21320) Ndi rieng ve ngudn nhin lyc cd trinh dd cao, true tiep l i y i u ciu v l chit lupng giao dye Dudi gde d$ niy, d bgc p h i thdng phin Idn tgp trung vio dgy ChQ, dgy ngUdi cdn nhilu thilu sdt (Vin kl#n Ban Chip hinh Trung Udng Ding trinh Dgi hpi XI), cdn dgi hpc thi nhieu qui nhin mgnh (thim ehf eh? d l cip din) dio tgo ky ning nghi nghidp Dd l i mdt cich tilp c i n philn dign, thyc dyng Phii thQa nh|kn ring, y i u elu niy l i ySu elu t i l thilu cua dao tgo nghi (cic trUdng dgi hpc d i u l i cie trudng nghi) v i hl^n eic tnidng dgi hpe eQa ehdng ta phin ldn cung chua dip Qng dUdc, Thyc ra, ngudn nhin lye tQ dgi hpc thinh "vdn ngudl", ndi gpn lgi, GDDH cd hai chilu kieh: tay nghe v i lUdng tim nghi (dgo dQc nghe); thudng eoi "tay nghe" l i npi dung dio tgo ky thuit-cdng nghg, v i "lUdng tam nghi" l i ndi dung giio dye nhin vin Oy ban Giio dye chuan bj vao t h i ky XXI ciia UNESCO d l try ept cQa giio dye till ky mdi: tri tuf, tay nghi, quan h | ngUdl-ngUdi v i vai trd eua c i nhin NhU vgy, tn,! e$t v i "tay nghi" v i tn,i cdt v l "nhan van" Dac biet, thdi dgi cieh mgng thdng tin, cdng nghe mdi, nhit l i cd mgng toin d u (tQ nim 90 t h i ky trudc), cac nhi giao dye khip ndi d i u lo giio dye nhan van la mat giio dye d dau eung thiy thilu, bin cgnh mat giio dye tay nghi, nhlt l i edng nghe tht nPi ndi diu q u i chQ y Ai eQng thiy xa hpi v i n minh, hien dgi, ddi hdi e i hai (2) Tutudng giio di^c nhin vin Giao dye nhin vin l i dilu khdng xa Ig d l i vdl eie giang viin Dgi hpe: eao frio giio dye nhin v i n bit d i u tQ thdi ky Phye (tfil ky XIV-XVI), tilp dd vio t h i ky XVII!, J.J Rutxd dinh diu mdt mle Idn vdi ldi kiu gpi cic n h i giio dye d i u phii luu y d i n than phin ngudi, rli sau Ogi chiln t h i gidi 11, vio nhQng nam 1950 nil l l n phong trio tim ly hpe nhin v i n - giio dye hpc nhin vin nhiiu nUdc ting cUdng giio dye gii trj, uu tiSn eie gii bl nhin vfin, d i n th&p ky culi t h i ky XX eie t l chQc giio dye qudc t l nhU UNESCO UNICEF da d l ehUdng trlnh, dy i n "Giio dye g i i trj sing" glm 12 g i i trj d i u l i cic g i i tri nhin vin nhu hda binh, tdn trpng, ySu thUdng, khoan dung, tmng thyc, khilm tin, hpp tic, hgnh phue, ti^ch nhiim, giin dj, ty do, doin kit, rat gin gQi vdi triet ly nhan sinh cua ngudl VISt Nam Cie gii tri niy d i u tnsng ndi him eQa chCi nghTa nf^n van, ndi dung cDa giio dye nhan van cho sinh viSn dgi hpc cua chQng ta Trong tieng Viit (vatiengTrung Quoc) ed thuit ngQ "ehil nghTa nhan van" Khdng ehilt ty (nhin v i n I i ve dgp cQa ngudi), ma di vao npi dung, dd chlnh ) i ehQ nghTa nhin dgo (trong he tilng Latinh ehf ed thuit ngO "humanism") Giio dye nhin vin, ndi gpn, l i dgy va hpc dgo lim ngudl Bii hpe lim ngudi hinh eQng vdi ljeh sQ tiln hda loii ngUdi, rli v i i ttiiSn niSn ky dupe dQe kit Igi thinh "Dgo"- dUdng di, le thdi phai ndi theo d l thinh ngudl ma bao toin loii ngudl - thinh hpc thuylt, trilt ty bii hpc t h i he tivdc tnjyln cho the he sau, trudc hit lam glQ dupc tinh ngudi d l bio t i n loii ngUdi Diy l i gia trj edi nguIn eiia mpi sinh till - thinh viin cua loai ngudl Tfnh ngudi dUpc thi hiSn d ly tudng chin, thiSn, my (eii dQng, cii tit, cai dgp) l i cip ba g i i tr| phi quit nhit, vQa mang tinh ttiUdng nhit, vQa mang tinh cao xa, di theo suit l|ch sQ vin hda-van minh nhin logi miy ngin nim nhim phit triln nhin logi Cic g i i trj niy chQa dyng, niy nd d tinh ngUdi quan h$ ngudi-ngUdi tQ eude sing biy din, phit triln mgnh gia dinh ddi v i mang chit lupng mdi ddi sing cdng ding, sau niy mdi hinh thinh dan cic quan h§ xa hpi Die biit, mdt chit IUpng mdi quan hS ngUdi-ngUdl, die thu nhlt eua eon ngudi v i x i hdi loii ngudl, tfnh ngudl gin vdi tinh ngudi - cung xuat hign vdi lao ddng v i ngdn ngO TQ dd, giio dye nhin vin l i giao dye dgo iim ngudi chlnh timg smh viin tgo dyng nen tQ lao ddng cQa chfnh minh - gpi l i g i i trj "chim hpc, cham lim" va bang hpc tip v i lao ddng (tay nghi v i lUdng tim nghe) phit tnin cic quan h i x i hdi linh mgnh, tit dgp - ty vun xdi cho tfnh ngUdl v i tinh ngudi bin thin ngiy cing ben chat v i tot tudi Giao dge gia trj - mfit difdng thi/c thi giao dge nhan van cho sinh vi€n dgi hgc Giio dye gin liln vdi vin hda Giio dye (theo nghTa r^ng eiia thuit ngQ nay) l i dem cie gii trj v i n hda, van mmh ciia loai ngudi, hgp hpn, eua mdt edng ddng x i hdi cy the (vl dy, cua mpt nude) - h i g i i tri cua din tpc, quic gia ehuyin thinh hg gia tri van hda, vin minh cua t h i hp tre, tilng ngUdi lim nen ngudi van hda nhin each v i n hda Trong v i n v i n hda dd td dupm tfnh ngudl, ed quan he ngudl-ngudi, bit diu tU cic quan hS gia dinh (thuin hda, hilu thio), tdt dgp (tdn trpng, quy men, yeu thudng eon ngudl, thdng cim, chia s i , hi?p tic-}, ndi gpn, sing cd tlnh ngudi (CNNV Hd Chl IVIinh) Tfnh ngudi till hiSn nit bit chlng nhOng tinh ngUdi, m i cdn nhu eie n h i trilt hpc phUdng Tiy phit hign v i nhan mgnh, cd die trung d ning lyc tri t u i gpi ehung l i ly tri: ngudi hiin dgi gpi l i ngUdi ly trf (Homosapiens) mdi xult hiin cich diy s6lQ-2014Dgl/WHpC 100.000 nim Thdi dgi ly tri mdi ed tuoi hdn trie ky (sau thdi ky Phye hung), nhd each mgng khoa hpc, rli each mgng giao dye tu t h i ky Anh sing (thi ky XVIIl), nha trudng nhU mot thiet e h l x i hpi dat nhifng dfnh cao mdi, dUa ngUdi ISn mot trinh dd cao hdn hin, vupt qua phUPng thQc san xuat ty nhlSn, van minh ndng nghiep va ngiy tien d i n van minh cong nghiep, hau cdng nghiSp - y ttiQc (va tu y thQc) ngudi mot ning eao: y thilc ve gia tn ban than SQ menh ciia giio due eiia nha trUdng, eua t h i he tnldc tap tmng tgo lap (va giup tgo lip) eho t h i hS sau cho timg eon ngudi gla tri iDan than cua chfnh minh va cpng dong xa hpi trpng dung, phat huy cae g i i tii eQa eon ngudi vao phat trien eon ngudi phit triln edng dong xa hdi Vdi myc tieu dd, giao dye eae gia tri nhan van vdl hgt nhan la g i i tn ban than tQng sinh vien l i dudng trien khai giao dye nhan van cae trudng dgi hpc cua ehOng ta Giao due gia trj bdn thSn - ngi dung cot Idi cAa giao dge nhSn van Gii tri ban tiian la mdt khai niem cd ndi ham rlt rdng, bat diu tQ tfnh ngudi tinh ngUdi, t l hpp nang lyc cua tQng ngudi (tim lyc, tri lyc, t h i iye) t h i hien thdng qua hogt dpng cua ngUdi bing tri tue, tay nghe, lUdng tam nghi vdl chf hUdng tien thQ nham dam bio eude sdng (sy tdn tgi) cua chi'nh minh cung nhu gia dinh, tren ed sd dd lim phong phQ cupc song vit chat v i tinh thin, vdi y thQc gan bd v i ddng gdp cho xa hdi - traeh nhiim xa hdi - tren cd sd tinh than yeu nUde, tinh than d i n tde, tlnh thin edng ding ddng gdp cho xa hdi, xay dUng v i bao ve T l quic Giio dye nhin vin eho sinh vlSn nham truyen dat eho sinh vlSn Tnh hpi ndi dung dd, lim phat huy t l i Uu tfnh tfch cyc, ehil ddng sang tgo ciia tQng sinh vien, col trpng vai trd cQa tQng eon ngudl, nhat l i nhQng rigUdi cd trinh dio tgo cao, trpng dyng t i i ning cQa mpi viSn xa hdi Cd mdt diiu eye ky quan trpng l i lam tgo dung (ty tgo dung) y thQc (vi ty y thQc) phal ty minh cd day dQ trieh nhiem d l i vdi gii trj ban than minh: tgo lap dupe g i i tri ban than, ty danh g i i dQng (tUdng thfch) gia tri ban than, bilt tu coi trpng gia tri bin thin (Con ngUdi la gia tri cao quy nhit tren ddi nay), die biet bilt glQ gin, phat then va phat huy tic dyng g i i tri ban than Diy chinh la eieh phal tnen, phit huy mpi tiem nang eiia eon ngQdi nhu Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da ehf ThU gtii hpc sinh nhin ngiy khai trUdng thing nam 1945 Trong nam hpc sinh vien nao cung tao lap va phat trien dupc g i i tri ban thin, dd ed gii tri "tay nghe" v i g i i trj "lUdng tim nghe", thi tQng dia phUPng va ca nUde cd nguon nhan lUc tot de phit triln kinh tl-xa hdi ndi luc dan tdc dupe tang cUdng, dil sQc cgnh tranh the gidi kinh t l thi trudng cyc ky phQc tgp ngiy Dd la tU tudng chu dgo - sQ menh cua giao dyc-dao tao thdi tiidi ky CNH-HDH kinh te thj trQdng dinh hUdng XHCN, md cQa hdi nhap quoc te Ti§'n hanh giao due nhSn van cac trirdng dgi hgc Cie trudng can quan tam din van de nay, ndi nao da quan tim thi quan tim hdn, ndi nio chua thi nen dat van d l , v i tat ea nen dat van de dung mUe Va mdt da thdng nhat dUde quan niem, ySu ciu, cd ehu trUdng, thi cd giai phap, phUOng tien (ed t h i din dan tU thieu den du, tU it den nhieu) Quan trpng l i ea tap the cic can bd giang dgy, quan ly hanh ehfnh, nhin vien deu dong Idng, cd the long ghep vao cac bii giang, eic hogt ddng khic, cie sinh hogt ky tuc Va vai trd quylt djnh thudc v l sinh vien (nhung nhieu viec cung dUdl sU hudng d i n ciia thay cd),ti-udehet la chim hpc, to chQc eude sing d ky tuc hay nha trp, tham gla cic cdng tac xa hdi v i ngoii trudng, khuyin khfeh lao ddng, lim tQ thien V iet Nam da v i dang tham gla ngiy cing sau rdng hpn vao q u i trinh hdi nhap quoc te Nhilu ed hdi eung nhU thieh thQc dang tiep tyc md ra, dilu cQng ddi hdi sy ddi mdi mgnh me eiia he thdng giio dye nham dio tgo mdt each ed chit lUdng nguon nhan lue dap Qng vdl yeu eiu cang eao eQa nen kinh t l thi trUdng v i q u i trinh h^i nhgp qude t l ma dd, ddi ngu giang viin dgi hpc d n dupc quan t i m nhU mdt nhan td then chdt nham mang Igi chit lupng dao lao tdt hdn Trong nhQng nim g i n diy, he thdng giio dye va dio tgo ciia Viet Nam da ed nhQng thay d l i dang k l Ben cgnh sy phit tiien nhanh chdng cua h i thing cac trUdng ngoii edng lap d tat ca eac cap d i o tgo, mdt so cd sd d i o tao dupe nUdc ngoii dau tU cung bat d i u xult hien, tgo nen mdt bQe tranh phong phu v i da dgng ve giio dye v i dao tgo thdi ky hpi nhgp Ngudl hpc cd thSm nhieu lya chpn, chit lupng giio dye ed nhQng thay doi tfeh eUc BSn egnh dd, sQc cgnh tranh ve ngudn nhan lUe ITnh vyc d i o tgo ngiy cing trd nen rd net, nhu mot he qua tat y l u cua xu t h i kinh t l thj tmdng v i hdi nhgp q u d c t l Thyc t l dd dong thdi cung dgt yeu cau cap bach viee tgo dpng lyc cho dpi ngu giing vien he thong giao due Viit Nam, d i e biet l i hg thing cic trudng cdng lap hiin D i l u nhim myc tiSu tri v i phat trien ddi ngu giing vien d i m b i o c i v l sd lupng va chit lupng, thdng qua dd, ning eao ehi't lupng giio dye v i d i o tao cOa Viet Nam Tgo ddng lUe eho giing vien l i dilu rlt quan trpng eac trUdng dai hpc, nd kieh thfch sy sing tgo, cQng nhu hing say edng viSc giang dgy v i nghien cQu kfioa hpc cOa giang viin Cd rat nhilu y l u t l ed t h i i n h hUdng tdi d$ng lyc lim vlSc cQa giang viin trUdng dgi hpe cdng l^p Tuy nhien, b i i vilt niy eh? d l eip d i n mdt sd,ylu t l dUpc cho l i nhQng nhin t l chfnh, dd l i chlnh sieh thQ lao lao d$ng; Hi thong danh gia thinh tfch v i hieu q u i edng viSe; Chfnh sich d i o tgo, bdi dUdng; Cd hdi thing tien v l cdng viic; lyidl trUdng lam viec v i van hda cQa td chQc.v.v Trong mdi trUdng d^ii hpc, cac y l u td t i e ddng tdi ddng lyc cQng i n h hudng rlt Idn d i n k i t qua edng viSc v i chit lu^ng d i o tgo Vl viy, ngUdi quin ly can quan t i m den nhQng y l u td niy d l phat triln nguon nhin lye cQa minh trUdng dgi hpc CHINH SACH THU LAO IM DO! Vdl G I A N G VIEN Trong IrUdng cdng Igp, chfnh sach thu lao lao ddng chlnh la cac chfnh sach liSn quan den thu nhip v i cie quyln ldi ciia giang vien, bao g l m chfnh sich tiln lUdng, tiln thudng, chlnh sieh v l bao hiem xa hSI, chfnh sich v l e i c khoin phy cip, Xet tren gdc dp quan ly nguon nhan lyc cua t l chQc, cic ehinh sich ve lUdng, b i o hilm xa hdi phy elp l i nhdm ylu t l thu hQt v i tri ngUdi lao ddng Chfnh sich v l tien thUflng l i chinh sach thye sy cd tfnh ehit d^ng viln sQ n6 lye cQa ngUdl lao ddng Tuy nhien, doi vdi mdt sd nhdm ngUdi lao ddng, ehinh sach ludng hdp ly v i chlnh sieh b i o hilm x i h|t day du cung da dii l i dpng lye thQe d l y hp n6 lyc hoin thinh cdng viec dUpc giao Chfnh sieh thu nhgp doi vdl mdt trUdng dgi hpc cdng lap, hien tai dang dupe i p dyng theo Nghj djnh s l 43/ 2006/ND-CP ngiy 25-4-2006 cua Chlnh phQ Tuy nhiin, quy dinh n i y ehUa du d l d i m b i o dUpe mQc sing cho giang viSn, v i y chUa tgo dUde sy cgnh tranh v i khuyin ... ddng gdp cho xa hdi - traeh nhiim xa hdi - tren cd sd tinh than yeu nUde, tinh than d i n tde, tlnh thin edng ding ddng gdp cho xa hdi, xay dUng v i bao ve T l quic Giio dye nhin vin eho sinh vlSn... dye nhin vin eho sinh vlSn nham truyen dat eho sinh vlSn Tnh hpi ndi dung dd, lim phat huy t l i Uu tfnh tfch cyc, ehil ddng sang tgo ciia tQng sinh vien, col trpng vai trd cQa tQng eon ngudl,... tiem nang eiia eon ngQdi nhu Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da ehf ThU gtii hpc sinh nhin ngiy khai trUdng thing nam 1945 Trong nam hpc sinh vien nao cung tao lap va phat trien dupc g i i tri ban thin, dd