NGHIEN couQ AP DUNG CAC PHUDNG T H O C QUAN LI CHAT LUDNG TRONG QUAN LI CHAT LUDNG QUA TRINH DAO TAO d CAC TRUfifNG DAI HOC HIEN NAY TS NGUYEN QUANG GIAO TruOngBalfeocBiNin I Batvande Chat Idcmg qui d[.]
NGHIEN couQ AP DUNG CAC PHUDNG T H O C QUAN LI CHAT LUDNG TRONG QUAN LI CHAT LUDNG QUA TRINH DAO TAO d CAC TRUfifNG DAI HOC HIEN NAY TS NGUYEN QUANG GIAO TruOngBalfeocBiNin I.Batvande Chat Idcmg qui drinh ddo tao d trdcmg dai hpc hiln ben canh viec dam bao chuan dau cda nginh ddo tao ddng thcri phdi thda nhu eau hpe tap eua ngddi hoc ciia nhi tuyen dung chat lUdng sin pham qud trinh ddo tao eiia trddng dai hpc chfnh la san phim dau vdo eiia doanh nghiep sd dung lao ddng cung nhU cda thj tnidng lao ddng Sd triing khdp v l chat lupng cua sinh vien tdt nghidp v i ylu d u cua nha tuyen dung se ddm bio sin phSm qui trinh ddo tao eCta trUdng dai hpc ludn dupe xd hdi ddnh gid eao, sinh vien tdt nghiep eua nhd tnidng de ding tim kiem vide lam phti hdp Han t h l nCfa,taongbdi d n h toan cau hda dang tdc ddng manh me den sU phat triln kinh t l , x i hpi v i giao due ciia tat ca d c qudc gia tren t h l gidi, chat lupng qua trinh ddo tao cCia eic trudng dai hpc khdng ehl ddn thuan Id dat d c chuan chit lupng ciia qudc gia m i edn phii hudng din dat d e chuan ehdt Iddng ciia khu vUc va the gidi Mudn vay, qudn If chat lUdng (QICL) qua trinh dao tao, cdc trUdng dai hpc d n i p dung phddng thdc QLCL phu hpp vdi nen ting, trinh dp phat triln QLCL cua nhi tnidng nhdm dim bio va khdng ngCmg ning cao chat Iddng qua trinh dao tao Chat IdVng va qudn li chat Iddng cr tnTcmg dai hoc • QLCL d t r u ^ g dai hpc la phUcmg thdc quin ti theo chuan, tri eho chat lUdng d trang thai on djnh va phit trien, tiiu trung bao gdm hoat ddng dupe tien hanh dong thdi, lien tue bao gdm: xac lip d c mye tieu vd chuan mdc ddnh gii thuc trang ddi chieu vdi chuan, cii tien thUe trang theo chuan Cdc phuong thdc QLCL theo cic d p phat trien td thap din eao la: kilm sodt chat lupng (KSCL), dim bio chat lupng (DBCL) v i QLCL tdng the Trong giio due dai hoc viec lUa ehpn phacmg thdc QLCL phii hpp de i p dung khdng phii Id y kiin chu quan hoac sd thfeh cua linh dao nhd trudng Yeu td quan trpng di d c trddng dai hpc chon lira va dp dung phddng thdc QLCL phu hdp, thi chinh Id sti phu hc^ cda nln tdng, trinh dp phit triln QLCL ciia nhi trudng vdi cic die trung cd ban cua timg phddng thdc QLCL, cu thl: van dung da cd pham vd nhim loai bd phe pham Id kiem soat chat Idpng; van dung sudt qui trinh sdn xuat v i phdng ngifa phi pham l i dim bio chat lupng; ludn ludn cai tien, ludn ndng cao chuan cho phii hdp yeu d u khach hing la quin If chat Idpng tong t h l Ap dung phiAmg thdc quin li chat lUAig phii hop qudn li chit li/ong qua trinh ddo tao d trddng dai hoc 3.1 PhUUng th^ekiim sodt ehdt luang Trong giao due dai hoc, KSCL la qui trinh kiem tra, dinh gia nhim muc dich xie djnh cae sin pham cOa giao due ed dat d e chuan chat lupng da dUdc xac lap hay khong Qui trinh diln sau sinh viln da ducK dao tao hoac kit thiic mdn hpc/khda hpc Vi viy, phddng thdc KSCL giy nen sU Idng phf Idn sin pham qui trinh dio tao da dupe hinh tiiinb Ddi vdi da sd d c trudng dai hpc hien dde bift ddi vdi la d c trUcmg ed nguon lUe han ehl, d e trUdng dai hpc thue chat dang i p dung phUdng thdc KSCL vdi die tning Cd bin l i t i p tnjng quan ti ddu etia qud trinh ddo tao; QLCL qua trinh ddo tao ehua duac quan tam diing mdc hoac thilu d c chuan chat lupng cu the de kiem tra, danh gia.Tuy nhien, viee dp dyng thdnh edng phuang thdc KSCL la ea sd quan trpng d l ede trudng dai hoc i p dung phuang thdc DBCL - Xde ^nh sdmgng, tdm nhin cua nfid UUdng Sd mang trddng dai hpe l i mdt X\xyin bd ngin gpn, sue tfch v l If tdn tai cda nhi trddng, ve nhiem vu v i chdc ning ma nha trudng mong mudn dat dupc Tuyen bd sd mang tao bdi einh de nha trUdng kien tao nen nhdng linh vUc hoat ddng cy the ddng thcri quyet dinh dch thdc phdn bd d c ngudn luc hinh thdc phit triln cung nhU djnh hudng phit trien tuang tai cua nhd trudng Tam nhin cua tnidng dai hpc i i mpt hinh inh v l tuong lai cua nha trudng vdi nhiing net doc dao dupc ti tudng hda, nhd dd tat d cae thinh vien se tii hao ve nha trudng va tudn quyet tim phan dau de di tdi tUdng lai tdt dep dd.Tam nhin gliip nhd trUcmg tim nhdng ngudn lUc mdi, tan dung mpi thdi cd, Wide phue khd khan, thaeh thdc de phat trien hudng tdl tdcmg lai ben vCng hem Do vdy, d c trddng dai hpedn xde dinh sd mang, tam nhin lam ed sdde xde dinh d e mye tieu (dii ban, tnjng han, ngdn han), xdy dung k l hoach chiln luoc ding nhu xac lap d c chuan ehdt lUdng dau ciia nhi trudng - Xdy dung ki hoach chien luae eua nhd trudng Xay ddng k l hoach chiln ludc la qui trinh ma d dd linh dao va d n bd quan If cua nhi trUcmg se tao dung tUdng lai ctia nha trUdng va hoach djnh chUdng trinh hdnh dpng di tiin tdi tUemg lai Ke hoach chien lupe Id mdt cong cu d l nha trudng xde tip muc tieu dai han, tao dieu kien de nha trudng dip dng kip thdi sU biln ddi cda moi tnidng kinh t l - xa hdi Dua tren sU mang vd tam nhin dd xac djnh, d c trudng dai hpc xay dimg ke hoach chiln Iddc tren cO sd phdn tfch bdi d n h (trong nude vd qudc te), thdc trang ciia nhi trUimg (dilm manh vd tdn tai, han ehe cOa tat d cae mat hoat dpng) detUdd xde lap eic muc deu (chien lupc cu the) va de xuat cdc giai phap thUc hien eung nhu nguon luc cic dieu kien de thUe hiln d c muc tllu da xac dinh - Xdy dung vd ban hdnh chinh sach chat luang Lanh dao trudng dai hpc d n xdy dung vd ban hanh ehinh sach chat luong tren co sd tham khao y kiln eiia d c vien trudng Chinh sach chat lUOng tnidng dai hpc duac the hien bdng nhdng phucmg cham hanh dpng cu the Ddng thdi, chfnh sach chat lUcmg dupe nhd trudng silZ7-1BiUlG«2i1i.31 Q NGHieNCOU ban h i n h b i n g v a n ban va t h d n g b i o d i n t o i n t h e can b d , gidng v i l n , nhdn v i l n , sinh v i l n c u n g n h u cde ben lien q u a n ciia nhd trUdng (phu h u y n h sinh vien, c i c nha tuyen d u n g , c i c t d chdc gido due ) - Xde dinh ede chuan ehdt lUOng ddu Cde t r u d n g dai hpe d n dUa tren hd t h d n g v i n bdn p h d p ti yeu d u ve m u c t i l u cu t h e dao tao t r i n h d p dai hoc, d j n h h d d n g phat trien v i c i c d i l u kien cu the eita n h i t r d d n g d l x i e dinh chuan dau cda s i n pham qua t r i n h d i o tao v i chuan chat tdong dau cda t d n g nam hpe/hpc k l / m d n hpc - Xdy dung vd dp dung he thdng tdi lieu ehdt lUOng He t h d n g t i l lieu chat lUdng ed y nghTa quan t r p n g t r o n g viec i p d u n g d c phUdng thdc QLCL ndi ehung va ddi vdi p h u o n g thdc KSCL ndi rieng He t h d n g tdi lieu c h i t Iddng bao g d m : sd tay chat lUdng, c i c t h i i tue, ede h d d n g d a n edng v i d e c i c bleu mau, h d sd Nha trUdng can xay d d n g h d t h d n g tai lieu chat lUdng dUa tren ydu d u eiia ede chuan chat lUdng va phe duyet, ban h i n h , dp d u n g h# t h d n g t i l lieu chat lupng t r o n g tat c i c i c hoat d d n g eiia n h i trudng - Bo tri dpi ngu tdm cdng tdc kiim sodt ehdt lUOng N h i t r u d n g can b d t r i ddi n g u l i m edng tac KSCL t r o n g d d d i m b i o am h i l u k i l n thdc v l QLCL, ed nang luc bien soan sd tay c h i t l u p n g , t h i i e day vd ho t r d c i c c i n h i n h o i c b d p h i n t r o n g vide bien soan ede t h i i tue q u i trinh, ede h u d n g ddn edng viec va cdc bieu m i u Cie trUdng dai hpe can quan t d m d e n cong t i c d i o tao, bdi d d d n g nang lUc chuyen m d n , nghiep v u cho dpi n g u Idm cdng t i e KSCL ciia n h i trddng - ThUc hiin nghiim tdc cdng tdc kiim tra, gidm sdt Dae trUng e d b i n cua KSCL l i k i l m tra, giam sat sdn pham so vdi chuan chat lUdng d i dUdc xac lap Muc dich cCia edng t i c kiem tra, g i i m sat la h u d n g vao muc tieu, xem xet tim k i l m n h d n g sai sdt (neu cd) de cd bien p h i p d i l u chinh D d n g thc^, t h o n g qua q u i trinh ndy t h u t h i p e i c t h d n g tin p h i n hdi can t h i l t d l n h i qudn 11 eung nhU eae ea nhan thpc hien d i l u ehinh hoat d d n g t h e o muc tieu da de D d i vdi vide i p d y n g phUdng thdc KSCL, d c trUdng dai hpc d n k i l m tra, gidm sat c h i t ehe, nghidm tue sdn p h a m d i u ctia q u d t r i n h ddo t a o so vdi chuan chat lupng da xde lap Ho?t d p n g k i l m tra, gidm sdt dupe thuc hien lien tue t r o n g sudt q u d trinh dao t a o ciia n h i t r u d n g 3.2 PhUdng thdc ddm bio ehdt iUdng Trong g i i o due dai hpe, DBCL dddc xde dinh n h d cdc hd t h d n g , ehinh sdeh, q u y trinh, h i n h d p n g va thai dp n h d m d u y t r i , g i i m s i t va c i i n g c d chat Idpng giao due d mde chuan cho p h e p nhat djnh vd tim nhdng gldi p h i p d l k h d n g n g i m g nang eao chat lUdng giao dye; d d m b i o d l n h i t r d d n g h o i n t h a n h s d m a n g Trong dieu kien eOa d c trUdng d^i hpe d Viet Nam h i i n nay, DBCL la d p dp QLCL p h t i h p p n h i m d i m b i o v i t i f n g bude ndng cao chat lupng qua t r i n h d i o t a o eita nha trUdng - Xde dinh nhu cdu eua ngudi hpc vd thi trudng lao ddng Ap d u n g p h d o n g thdc DBCL ddi hdi nha t r u d n g d n hieu rd nhu d u hien tai v i t d o n g lai eiia ngddi hpc cung n h d eua t h j t r u d n g lao d p n g d l t d d d x i e lap ehinh x i e chuan c h i t lUdng d l u san pham q u i trinh ddo tao N h d vdy, chat iddng sdn p h a m qua trinh d i o t f o ludn dap i l n g dddc n h u edu cCia ngUdi hpc va ciia t h j t r u d n g tao d d n g , d d n g t h d i khdc phye h o i n t o a n tinh trang e i c doanh nghiep p h i i ddo tao l?i sinh vien t d t n g h i l p Hon t h l nCfa, sinh vien ludn d U d c ' d i p dng n h u d u cda b i n thdn t r o n g sudt qua t r i n h 32 • lAHOCGlAODDC d i o t a o va t U d d h p se t d g i a c tieh cUc hoc t | p Do dd,GhSt tupng q u i t r i n h ddo t a o cda n h i trUdng l u d n dUdc d i m b i a Cdc t n i d n g dai hoc edn e d vao dU bdo n g u d n n h i n liic eita d i t n u d c cua dia phUdng c u n g nhU k h i o sdt thudng nien n h u d u cda d o a n h n g h i l p s d d u n g lao ddng, cua n g u d i h p c t o chdc d c hoi n g h j , hpi t h i o de x i e djnh ntiu eau cua ngddi hpc v i t h i t r u d n g lao d p n g ddi vdi ede nganti d i o tao cda nhd t r d d n g - Xdy dung ehudn ehdt luang eua qud trinh ddo tgo Dua tren h i t h d n g van b i n phap q u y q u y dinh v^ chuan dau eua sinh vidn dai hpc, k i t q u i xde ^ n h nhu cau eua ngUdi hpc v i t h j trUdng lao d d n g eting vdi k i t q u i p h d n tfch thUe trang cda nha trdcmg, d e t r d d n g dai hpc xay d d n g chuan chat lUdng d d u vdo, e h u I n chat tdpng t i m g giai d o a n eua q u i t r i n h d d o tao, chuan dau cda sinh vien tot n g h i l p Hon t h l nda, nha trUdng t r i l n khai d l g i i n g vidn xay d u n g chuan d a u ddi vdi tdt ed m d n hpc, b i i hpc Nhu v i y , chuan c h i t Idpng qua t r i n h dao t a o eita nha trUdng d u p c xay d d n g t d k h i u dau d e n k h i u cudi cda qua trtnli d i o tao, k h d n g b d sdt d bat ki khau n i o N h d d d , chat Idpng q u i t r i n h ddo tao ddpe d i m bao xuyen sudt t r o n g toan bo q u i t r i n h vd k h d n g x i y tinh trang mdc Idi - Xdy dung cdc quy trinh qudn 11 qud trinh ddo tgo DBCL la p h d o n g t h d c q u d n Ii b i n g q u y t r i n h v i thdng qua q u y trinh, vl vdy c i c t r d d n g dai hpc can xdy difng dSy d d ede q u y t r i n h d d i vdi tUng npi d u n g , t d n g bude eita quS t r i n h dao tao vdi c i e tidu c h i d i n h gid eu t h l Thdng qua viec dp d u n g day dCt, n g h i e m ngat c i c q u y t r i n h se giup nha q u i n If d i d a n g phat hidn n g u y e n nhdn cOa tinh trang mac 161 t r o n g qua t r i n h ddo t ^ o , d d n g t h d i g i i i p edn b o q u i n H ddo tao, gidng vien, sinh vien t d k i l m sodt hdnh d d n g theo ndi d u n g t d n g b u d c ciia q u y t r i n h Cdc trdcmg dai hoc can sd d u n g c h u t r i n h D e m i n g PDCA (Plan - Do - Check - Act) de thUc hien e i i t i l n l i l n t u e cae hoat d d n g ciia n h i trddng Trong q u i t r i n h x i y dUng ede q u y t r i n h q u i n If qud trlnh ddo tao, cac t r d d n g dai hoc d d n g t h d i xdy d i / n g c i c tidu chf ddnh gia ndi d u n g t i f n g bddc cua q u y t r i n h t d k h i u ddu den khau cudi Ngoai ra, song song vdi viec x i y d d n g q u y trinh, n h i trUcmg d n c h u I n hda he t h o n g v i n b i n , b i l u mau phue v y q u i t r i n h d i o tao Caequy t r i n h qudn If d i o tao sau ddpe xdy dUng c^§i,, dupe s U g d p y eda cac ehuydn gia, sUddng g d p ;^ k i l n eda c ^ ; , tip, gidng vien, sinh vien va dUde lanh dao nhd trUdng duyet ban hanh Ben canh d d , d d n vi p h u tracti edng t i e DBCL cOa n h i trddng can b i l n soan sd tay DBCL n h i m hUdng ddn dSfil: bd, g i i n g v i l n , sinh vien thdc hien eae q u y trinh - To chdc thUe hi^n cdc quy trinh qudn If qud trinh dHo tgo Tren ed s d c i c q u y t r i n h q u i n li q u i t r i n h d i o tao