Áp dụng tập quán khi chưa có điều luật để áp dụng trong thực tiễn công tác xét xử các vụ án dân sự

LUAT DAN SU AP DUNG TAP QUAN KHI CHUA C O DDBU LUAT DM AP DUNG TRONG THUC Tifisi CCNG TAC XET xCr cAc v u AN DAN SU NGUY£N HAI AN Vy Glim dbc, ki^m tra vfe din sy, kinh doanh va thildng mai, Toa an nhin dJn tbi cao Department of Cassation, inspection on Civil, Business and Commercial Matters The People's Supreme Court Email: anhailinh@ginail.com T o m tdt Tba dn duac quy^n dp dyng tdp qudn digidi quyit m viic ddn sy chua cd di'iu ludt di dp dung, trin ca sd tdp qudn duang sy viin ddn Theo khdo sdt cdc vUng, mi^n vd ddn tdc tht tdp qudn cd ngudn gdc hmh thdnh tic cdc phong tyc, tin ngudng va cdc quy udc chung aia difi sing cdng ddng Thtfc tiin gidi quyit tranh chip cho thdy, ciing mdt tdp qudn, duang stf cd thi viin din ndi dung khdc Tit do, Toa dn cd trdch nhiim xdc dinh gid tri ndi dung aia tdp qudn vd gid trj aia t4p qudn didp dyng Bai viit t4p trung nghiin aiu cdn md Toa dn xdc dinh gid tri ndi dung aia tdp qudn vd gid trj ciia tdp qudn didp dyng T a khoa: tdp qudn, gid trj tdp qudn, thb cting, dbng hg Abstract Courts are entitled ta apply customs to resolve civil cases when there are no laws to apply, on the basis of practices cited by the inivlved parties According to the survey in regions and ethnic groups, customs are rooted in belief and general conventions of community life The practice of dispute resolution shoivs that, in a same practice, litigants can refer to different content Therefore, the Court is responsible for determining the content of practice and the value of the practice to be applied The paper focuses on the grounds permitting the Court to determine the content of practice and the value of practices to apply K e y w o r d s : custom, value, warship, lineage Ngay nh^n bai: 23/4/2020 Ngay duy^t dang: 27/6/2020 T "^hed h quy dinh cda Bd lugt T b oing dJn sy (BLTTDS) nam 2015 vfe nguyfen t^c giai quyfet vy vifec dan sy ttdng tradng hpp chaa cb difeu n l u j t dfe ap d y n g t h i : "Tba dn dp dung t4p qudn digidi trubng hpp cdc bin khdng co thoa thugn vaphdp quyit vy tnic ddn su ludt khdng quy dfnh Tdp qudn khdng dupc trdi vdi cdc nguyin tdc co bdn aia phdp lu4t ddn sy Khi yiu cau Toa dngidi vif viic ddn su, duong sy co quyin dung Tba dn co trdch nhi^ viin ddn tdp qudn diyiu quyit t^u Tba dn xem xet dp xdc dinh gid trf dp dung aia tdp qudn bdo ddm dUng quy dinh Bj5 lui^t Ddn sU- Trubng hop cdc duong su viin dan cdc tdp qudn khdc tPii t4p qndn co gid tri dp dyng Id tdp qudn dupc thUa nhdn ^ ' "("' pkdt sinh vy viic ddn jJ".' N h a vJy, ve nguyfen xic, Tba an chi ap dyng tJp quan dfe giai quyfet vy vifec dan sy cac bfen khbng cd thda thuJn va phap lujt khbng cd quy dinh Khi dd, dadng sa cd quyfen vifen dan tap quan dfe yfeu c^u Tba an xem xet ap I Khoin Di6u 45 BLTTDS nSm 2015 12 T ^ CHi KHOA H Q C P H A P LY VI$T N A M S 05 {135)/2Q20 dyng, cdn Tba an cd quyfen xac dinh gia tri nbi dung cda tJp quan dfe ap dong va npi dung cda tJp quan cd gia tri ap dyng la tJp quan dapc thiia nhJn tgi ndi phat sinh vy vifec dan sy VJh dfe djt la tgi ndi phat sinh vy vifec dan sy, cic bfen dadng sy vifen d ^ nbi dung cda tJp quan khac thi Tda an phai xac djnh dapc ndi dung nao cda tJp quan cd gia tri dfe ap dyng Dbng didi, cd nhiJlng tJp quan cd ngubn gbc td phong tyc, Tba an cang c ^ phai xac dinh cd gia tri tJp quan dfe ap dyng hay khbng? Tap quan "tha cha" TJp quan danh bat thuy hai san xa bd "tha cha" la mbt cbng vifec vOa mang tuih khoa hpc ddc dao, vda mang tuih tmyfen thbng, dan da Dd h dung cay, la kfet mang tha xudng bifen, tgo tlmih mbt "vdng ran nhan tgo" dfe ddn ca, nudi ca, lam ndi cho ca r ^ (ca d), de rbi sau dd diing manh, ladi danh hit ehung.^ Theo tJp quan tgi dia phadng, vifec tad Ijp cJy elm dadc xac dinh: "Chd Id la mdt cdng ttinh nhdn ttjo ddt dudi ddy biin, kit a(u bdi cdc vit ndng dicS dinh vi tri cdi dm nhu: xdcvd thuyhi, xdcvoxe, cdcspt dd, Iddifa, cdy tre vd ak vdt li^ Hin kit" Theo tJp quan tgi dia phadng chu ghe sd dyng ghe ladi rdt dfe danh b^t trfen bifen thadng sd dyng cha la vdi myc di'ch danh bat ca thadr^ xuyfen va dat nang suJt hieu qua cao, day la truyfen thbng tJp quan ra't lau dbi cua r ^ dan tinh Ba R4a - Vang Tau.^ COi^ xuat phat td tJp quan "dia cha" ma cd cac tranh chJp vfe quyfen sd hau cay cha va quyfen au dfen khai thac dia difem danh bat ca trfen bifen, nhiing tJp quan dapc vifen d^n nhifeu nbi dung khac nhau, nfen Tba an cSn phai xac dinh nbi dung cd gia tri dfe ap dyr^ 1.1 Vi ban ghe va hdn cdy dia Ba Huynh Thi Kim C khdi kifen yfeu cau Tda an cbng nhjn cay cha 19,49 thubc quyfen sb hau cda ba C va yfeu cau bng Nguyfen Tien T tra lgi cay cha 19,49 cho ba C Ong Nguyfen Tife'n T dfe nghi Tba an cbng nhjn cay cha 19,49 mua cda ba Huynh Thj Kim H thubc quyen sd hau cua dng T Tda an cJp sd t h i n da quyfet dinh: Chdp nhdn yiu cdu khdi kiin aia ba Hu^nh Thi Kim C dH vdi dng NguySn Tiin T Cdng nhdn cdy cha tgi vj tri tpa dd 08019'W7,49 (vi d^ 08019'979", kinh dp i070.49'.949") thudc quyin sd hau c^a ba Hu^nh Thi Kim C Ong Nguyin Tiin T cd trdch nhiitn trd h}i cdy dia tt/i vi tntpa dd 08019'107,49 (vi dd 080W979", kinh dd 1070.49'.949") dio ba Huynh Thi Kim C Ktidng dxdp nhdn yiu