NGHIEN COU C Q VE CO CAU KHUNG CUA HE THONG GIAO OUC PHO THONG VIET NAM PGS TS niU Kl£u TS TRjNH THj ANH HOA n i n Khoa hoc Gido due Viet Nam Co cSu cCia h§ thong giao due (HTGD) la mot khai niem c6 n[.]
NGHIEN COU C Q VE CO CAU KHUNG CUA HE THONG GIAO OUC PHO THONG VIET NAM PGS.TS niU Kl£u - TS TRjNH THj ANH HOA n i n Khoa hoc Gido due Viet Nam Co cSu cCia h§ thong giao due (HTGD) la mot khai 13} Cd tinh ddc lap tacmg ddi, on dinh ti/ang ddi, ed niem c6 n6i ham riit phong phu xet tCf binh dien quSn Ii he tinh linh hoat; thSng Trong b&i vi^t nay, ehOng tfii chi d^ cap t6i co cgu 14) Li he thdng md khung thirl gian vSn hSnh cOa he thSng giao due ph6 thong Xu th£ phat t r i l n h^ thdng gido due phd thdng (HT6DPT) nhSm dat diroc muc tieu da djnh trenth^gidi S0 iKoc v€ he th6ng giao due vd he th6ng giao HTGDPT d eic nUdc thuctng gdm eSp: tieu hoc, trung dueph6thong hoe Cd sd (THCS) va trung hoc phd thdng (THPT) 1.1 Hi thong giao due Giai doan GD tieu hoc keo dii nam tai so ddng cae Theo Uy ban Chau Au, HTGD (education system) la nude (123/206 nUdc) va hau het \k bat bude cae quoc gia "Cdch thiic giao ti^p ciia cdc ca sd, cdc chuang trinli yd Giai doan GDIHCSthUdng keodii tLr2 d4n nam vdph6 nguili v6i muc dicii cung c6p gido due (GD) cho m6t bd phgn bien Id nam (107/205 qudc gia - 52,3%) Giai doan GDTHPT hay todn thi ddn c/iiing' (Directorate-General for Educationkeo ddi den ndm\ song ddi vdi da sd cic nMdc Ii nam and Culture2006) Nhir vay, thdi gian hoe het cic Ccip hoe phd thdng ed Oinh nghTa sau day cOa UNESCO se cho mot hinh anh the tif 10 den 13 nam Tuy nhien, xu hddng chung Ii xay true quan v^ HTGDrTo chife cau (roc tong the md thdng dung h^ thdng giio due thong (GDPT) vdi 12 nim hoc qua dd GO v^ moi dang thCfc va c6p dd dupc cung cSp cho (163/206 ni/dc, chiem 78,2%) €)ieu dang ehii y Ii mot sd ddn chOng: id cdc cau triic, phi/ang thu:c boat dgng vd djch nude ed thdi gian hoc phd thong dudi 12 nam dang ed chD vu ddm bdo sU GD vd phdt trien tri tue c6a ngi/di' (IBE - tnJong ting them thdi lUdng, vf du: Lien Xd cu tif 10 nam UNEVOC, 1984) Ngoai "HTGD" c6n c6 thuat ngO h& thong chuyen I4n 11 nam (1984); Bungari, Tnjng Qudc tif 11 nam chuyen \kn 12 nam (1986); PhiMppin da chuyen h§ thdng giao due quoc d^n (HTGDQD) GDPT 10 nam sang he thdng GDPT 12 nam (2012) 1.2 He tit6ng gido due thdrtg Thdi gian phan bd cho cac cap hoc hd thdng HTGDPT la h# thdng bo phSn (he thong eon) cOa HTGDQD Bin t+iSn no 1^ m6t phic the thdng nhSt bao GDPT CLia cic nUdc nhin chung IS: + + (Tilu hoe: gfim nhieu h^ thdng bo phan nhd han, nhif h& thdng cd nam, THCS: nam va THPT: nam) Ngocii ra, c6n ed cac quan lanh dao GD tCrtrung ircfng d^n dja phacmg, cO quan , each phin phdi khac (5 + + 3), (4 + + 2), (6 + + 2) 'Thdi gian dinh cho giai doan GD cd bin (hoSn thanh tra GD, h§ thdng c^c c3p hoc, he thdng triidng hoc, hoe v^n phd thdng cho ngUdi hoc) thudng keo dai tif9 d^n IdphoC '^ QuS trinh dko tao dUOc van h^nh HTGDPT gom 10 nam Hien tai, giai do^n c6 thdi gian nam la phd bien song thdi gian dinh cho GD cd bin dang ed xu hudng nhl^u giai doan khde M5i cap hoc la mdt giai doan c6 muc ti^u vh k€ hoach dao t^o cu th^ de dat duae mdt trinh tang^ Mdt vai nu'de nhU Australia, Anh, mdt so Tllu bang cua CHLB Du'e ed quy djnh Ii 10 nim (cau true 10+2) cho d6 nhat dinh ve van hoa khoa hoc, kl nang, ph^m ch^t cung nha nhOtig hieu bi|t v^ ngh^ nghiep cho ngudi hoe Moi giai doan cd bin va gSn day theo thong ke ciJa INCA th) giai doan GD vk 6ho tao 6su c6 chufc nang vCra ehu^n bj cho so 21 nUdc da co tdi 13 nUde quy djnh thdi gian danh HS v^o ddi vLfa chuan bj sin phSm cho giai doan k^ ti^p cho giai doan ndy la 10 nim^{)a sd cae ni/dc lu^ chon GDPT Giai doan sau k l thCfa ket quS dao tao cua giai doan trudc, 12 nam vi nhOmg Ii sau: - Vdi HTGDPT 12 nam, HS tdt nghiep THPT 18 tudi c6 mLie.ti$u vk ke hoeich dho t?o vdi yeu cau cao hon ve van h6a khoa hgC, kT nang vd hieu bilt nghl nghiep theo xu Day la thdi diem phu hdp d l cic em bu'dc vio ddi Vdi tif each edng dan ddi vdi xa hdi, d Ida tuoi niy, tre da trUdng hudng chuyen bi^t v^ ng^y cang phSn hoa sSu hdn ve mat nhan each; the Idc, tr! tue da tdt hdn, tarn if Cdc tiSu chf tfe mdt he thSng gjao due dUtfc xem on dinh, phan hda rd n4tve nang liicvi dinh hddng nghl Ih phCi hop vol xu the thdri dai vi v&n hhnh co hi4u qu^ nghiep ft^ng hpip rheo UNESCOl -Theo quy dinh Cdng dde cua Lien hdp qudc ve Quyin HTGDPT di/Oc coi'la phCi hop vdi xu the eCta thdi dai Xrk em v i nhieu thda thuin quoc t l khac cd lien quan h&n phdi dim bcio cac ti4u ehf ea bSn sau: tr^ em thl dd tudi tr^ em dUdc quy ^ n h la dudi 18 tudi V) 1} Ik mot bd phSn cua HTGDQD song mang tinh chinh vay, GDPT vdi 12 nam dim bio day du quyen Icti GD eua thltuangddi; tr^ em 2) Bam bio tfnh dSn tde, ti^n ti^n v^ hien dai; - Do luong tn thdc cSn dua vio nha trUdng ngiy cang 3) ik mdt h^ thdng gdm nhieu b^c hoc; phong phii, da dang, inh hUcmg manh me din cau true va 4) Th^ hien ro t(nh phd thdng, eo bin; mdc dd cSn dat cua noi dung hoc van phd thdng bdi 5) Dim bio tInh dai chiing vk tInh tinh hoa; cinh thdi dai mdi GDPT can phii dio tao dUdc nhdng 6) Thi hien tfnh thdng hoa GD ngh^ nghi§p; ngUcri dip utig cic yeu cau cCia sd nghiep phat trien kinh 7) Dim bio ttnh phan hoa tifng bic hpq t l , xa hoi thich dng dUde vdi sif phit trien dd de nang cao 8)The hien v i dim bio duUc chuTe nang ecr bin la GD; chat lUdng cudc song VI viy, can cd thdi luong phii hap eho 9) Dim biotfnh dan ehii, binh dSng v i tfnh hi§u qui; GDPT (12 nam) di dap drig nhu cau trang bi kiln thdc cd 10) C6 tinh thifa ke vd ed tinh sing tao; bin va dinh hUdng nghe nghiep eho HS 11] Dim bio tfnh da d^ng thdng nhSt; 12) Dim bio tfnh trat ti^, tuin tif va ei tfnh nhiy vot Nguon: Vi|n Khoa hoc Giio due Vi&t Nam, Hh N6i, 2013 (d^nh cho cic ca nhdn tai nSng va nhutig ngudi gidt, ngudi Nguon: Ngan h i n g T h ^ gidi cd nang khieu hoe vUcft Idp, vi/ot dp, vuot trlnh do); INCA, Comparative tables, 2013, bSn djch tieng Vi?t, b i n g 5.2 s6lZ7-THI^(i4/201B*l Q NGHIEN CflU ^ - m d t sd nude, vi nhiiing han ehe eCia dieu kien kinh t e - xa hoi nen t o n g t h d i gian t r o n g nam hoc eon thap, ehO ygu I i hoc b u d i / n g i y , chua ke nhCtng khd khan kh^c cd Ii4n quan t d i ddi n g u giao vien, ed sd v i t chSt nen thdi gian GDPT 12 n a m I i p h i i h d p Thijrc t r a n g h i n h t h a n h v a p h i i t t r i e n h e t h d n g gido due p h d t h d n g ^ Vidt Nam Trong I k h s d d i n tdc, nen GD Viet Nam da cd n h i ^ u ddi thay gSn lien vdfi n h d n g bude chuyen cac giai d o ^ n p h i t trien eCia Ijch s d dan toe GD V i l t Nam chiu i n h h u d n g k h i sau s3e eCia GD P h i p , GD L i l n Xd va phan n i o d d I i GD MT Ngoai ra, p h i i ke t d i nhCfng i n h hddng ehifa p h i i da het cOa m d t nen GD p h o n g k i l n Nho giao N h d n g i n h h u d n g d d c u n g t h e hi4n d ca cau khung thdi gian cCia HTGDPT 4.1 Thdi Id sau Cdch mang Thing Tarn 4.1.1 Giaidoan 1945-1949 DUdi SLf lanh dao ciia Dang, cudc C i c h mang T h i n g T i m nam 1945 t h a n h cdng, Nha nUde Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng h o i dudc t h a n h l i p Ngay sau len ncim ehi'nh q u y i n , Chfnh p h u Viet Nam Dan ehO Cdng hoa da chii jr c h i m lo p h i t t r i l n GD ndi chung, GDPT ndi rieng tren ed sd ba nguyen tSc cCia nen GD m d i I i "dai chiing hoa, ddn tdc hda vd khoa hoc hda" Tuy vay, c d cSu c i p hoe, Idp hoe vSn di^a v i o he t h d n g cu m i n g i i d i Phap da x i y d i f n g trifdc d d (xem hinh 1) GDPT g o m cap T i l u hoe nam v i cap Trung hpc n i m , t r o n g d d trung hoc bac cao - trung hoe chuyen khoa (3 n i m ) ed ban I i : ban T o i n , Lf, Hda; ban Li, Hda, Sinh v i ban Van, Sd, Dia 4.1.2 Giai doan 1950-1955 N g i y 19/12/1946, cudc khang chien chdng P h i p b i i n g nd, GD \ ^ e t Nam d d n g trUde cac yeu c$u cua n h d n g n h i l m v u c i c h m a n g mdi: vifa phue vu k h i n g chien vifa g d p p h i n vao c d n g cuoc kien qudc IVIot nhdng thay ddi t o Idn cOa GD nude n h i thdi ki I i tien h i n h e i i c i c h GD l^n t h d nhSt n h i m xda b d v l ca b i n i n h hu'dng eCia GD n d djch m i thifc d i n Phap d l lai Thay ddi HTGD p h d t h d n g I i m d t v i n d l diem cOa hoat d d n g e i i c i c h iSn n i y HTGD dddc CO cSu lai t h a n h he n i m (4+3+2) eho phCi hop vdi h o i n c i n h k h i n g chien (gidng n h d c a cau cCia HTGDPT d Lien Xd t h d i dd) vdi cap hoe: C i p I (4 nam): Idp , , , thay t h l Nlnia)! Tau.2 Nlinthli: N^Y^ BtHntn DtlunnA, lliinb DtiMn* I,t*i,=* LApnhn T Nliiil;iili| c^# • Sodi^ Biag Dp fa! B ^ k , Hinh 1: HTGD Phdp Vi^t danh cho ngUdi bdn xtj^ Giao due Vi§t Nam thdi ki CSn dai, PhanTrong BSu, NX8 Khoa hoc Xahai,HiN6i,1994,tr 159 2*KH0AH0CGlA0DUC cho b i c T l l u hoc c u ; Cap II (3 nam): Idp , , thay t h ^ bac Trung hoc cu; Cap HI (2 nam): Idp , thay t h l d i ^ Triing hoc chuyen khoa cu Dang ehii y I i t r o n g h i t h d n g k h d n g bao gfirii fe v d long (sau I i Idp t r o n g he 12 nam) v i edn cd nim d d bi dai hoc trudc n g i / d i hoc difoc t u y i n chfnh thft v i o dai hoc Vi n h i l u If d o k h i c h q u a n , yeu c3u hoc dull dai hoc ddi vdi HS t r o n g t h d i ki d d da k h d n g t h l thyc fiifj diiac (xem hinh 2) CAO DANO DAIH-PL ny-BiBAiHOC (3 NAM) mOTHfl^flcAPHi Tô6N0CAl'll PHSTHONCCAPI (4 NAM) y ^ TRUNG C A P •DAOTAOWCHC / / TRUNOCti a i m OAK BJNHDAI, so CAP VO UDNG (1 NAM) MALGWO H)r)h2: HTGDqu6cddn-ndm 1950^ d v i i n g t a m c h i e m t h u d e mien Bic (tif cudi nam 194f tdi t h i n g 10/1954) v i bmiinNam (cho tdi 30/4/W5) m hoe t h e o HTGD 12 n a m , g d m nam tieu hoc, nam t h d n g t r u n g hoc va n a m t r u n g hoc chuyen khoa 4.1.3 Giaidogn 1956-1975 Cudc k h i n g e h i l n c h d n g thuc dan Phip k i t thiic bing chien t h i n g D i e n Bien PhCi (1954) fi/ldt nCfa dat nifdc di/oc g i i i p h o n g Sd n g h i e p each mang da chuyin sang giai doan m d i vdi cac n h i ? m v u m d i GD lai p h i i cd sy ddi mdi c^o t h i l t d e t h f e h d n g W f t Nam t l l n h i n h e i i cSeh ISnthil2vfl HTGD 10 n i m (khdng ke Idp v d Idng), la sif thdng nhSt he t h d n g n a m ( v i i n g t u do) v i he t h d n g 12 nam (viing tam chiem) C d c l u k h u n g eCia HTGDQD t h d i ki niy ed t h l dif?£ m d t i nhif sau: Cap I (4 n i m ) : Idp 1, , , ; CSp II (3 nagk Idp 5, 6, 7; Cap III (3 nam): Idp , , 10 D i l u ding ehd da khdi phue lai cac ki t h i h i t c&p I, II v i thi tdt nghilp phi t h d n g (cap III) f £>d( vdi mien Nam, sau Hiep dinh Geneve 1954, chfr|'' q u y e n S i i Gdn t i l p q u i n v i t i l p tue tri h? thdng t r U % Idp s i n c d t d t h d i t h u d e P h i p Tuy nhien, t i l n i m 19$, HTGD Nam V i ^ Nam b^t d^u chiu i n h hUdng ciia GD Mi#, d i n n i m 1972 t h l HTGD k i l u M i dUdc t r i l n khai r^ng l * | | cac v i i n g d o IV1T va Chinh quyen Sal Gon c h l l m gliJ G ^ keo dai 12 n a m , g d m ba c a p : T l l u hoe (5 nim), Trung h p ™ ! nhat cap (4 n i m ) , Trung h g c E ) l nhj cap (3 n i m ) vi bao gsn cac trUdng c d n g l | p d o Chfnh p h i i t chdc v i d i l u hinh,KS d d o c mien hoe phf v i cac t r d d n g t U thuc ed thu hoc f^Rieng d cae v i i n g g i i i phdng, GD p h d thdng l|i theo cdcau 10 nam gidng nhif d mien BSe 4.1.4 Giaidogn 1975-1986 Sau g i i i p h d n g M i l n Nam, thdng nh5t dat ni/fc t h d n g nhilt n l n GD c i n d d c GDPT 6uac trao siJ mang m* chuan bi d i o tao the h ^ t r i d ^ p d n g yeu cau cOa giai dojn m d i cCia s^f n g h i l p c i c h mang thdi kl q u i 36 m l§n chLi nghia xa hgi tren m d t dSt ni/dc thdng nh^t-Ngiy Nam muoi n i m phit trien si^ nghl#p gido due vk 6ko t?o (IWS1995), NXB GD, HS Ngl 1995, tr 431 NGHIEN couCQ GDPT dddc dieu chinh linh hoat vdi cae can ed chu ylu sau: Dip dng yeu eSu eda giai doan mdi; Kl thCra truyen thdng, quan triet die dilm cua thdc tiln nhieu mat d Vilt Nam; kit hdp vdi vile tham khio xu t h l eua the gidi HI thdng GDPT da van hanh theo mdt ed chi thich hdp Tuy nhi^n, van can phii hoin thien nhilu d l dat dUdc nhdng ket qui cd y nghTa vile hinh v i phat triln nhan cich cho the he tri, tao nen ting vdng chae ddi vdi viec xay dung nguon nhan Idc tddng lai Ben canh nhdng thinh tifu nlu tren, he thdng GDPT (xlt v l phdong dien thdi Iddng) bde Id mot sd ban ehl dddi day: - Cd cau khung thdi gian cCia he thdng GDPT da duac cii tiln thudng xuyen sudt may chuc nam qua d l dap dng yeu cau phit triln cda dat nddc, dim bio tfnh lien thdng vdi eic he thdng eon khac cda HTGD Tuy nhiSn, Cd cau khung thtii gian cua he thdng GDPT chi ap dung eho B A C I ^ T M CAF11 n NAM) mdt Cd ciu cic loai trUdng: tilu hoc, THCS, trung hoe phd thdng Day la he qui eua viec thdc hien phan ludng, die biet Ii sau THCS edn rat kem Wee thd nghilm eic md hinh cl,.,.,iM THPT ndng nghiep, edng nghiep, nien lao ddng x i Mc hoi chu nghTa v i gin diy la phd thong kTthuit dlu khdng cAriiiNAu) edng.THPT nam vin la ndi nhat de thu hut han 80% HS tdt nghiep THCS eho tdi luc ket thiic GD phd thdng •""'•««»""•' - Tfnh md cCia HTGD xet ve m^t thdi Idong edn md nhat; khung thdi gian hoe tap edn dddc quy djnh cd phan Hinh3: HTGDquocddn (theoNghiquyet 14-1979) cdng nhSe, khdng Imh hoat van dung (cho cic ddi tUdng, Cd sd GD die biet, eho cac viing mien von cd sd khac 4.1.5 Thdifcidoi mdi (1986 den nay) Td sau Dai hoi Ian thd cua Ding Cong sin Viet Nam rd ret ) (1986), nginh GD da ttin hinh ddi mdi mdt qua trinh De xuat cO c£u khung cua he thdng giio due phd keo dai gSn 30 nim, dd ed mdt sd thay ddi ding chu thdng tddng lai y ddi vdn' HTGDPT dUdc the hien Nghi dinh 90/CP Tren ed sd xem xlt HTGD cua Viet Nam qua cic thdi 1992, la: kl v i tham khao xu hddng the gidi, djnh hddng phit triln 'Chfnh thdcxic nhan sdtrd lai cOa bic(cSp)Tilu hoe tdcmg lai, chung tdi de xuat phuemg an (thdi gian) cho he thdng GDPT cua Vilt Nam nhd sau: v i trddng tieu hpc - Khdng edn loai trifdng phd thdng cd sd m i chi cd Thdi gian van hinh eda he thdng GDPT (theo chu ki) trddng tilu hoe (5 nam) va trddng THCS (4 nam) van nen la 12 nim, gidnguy^n thdi gian dio tao eCia cac cap - Cap I dUdc thay bang cap Tilu hoe va dp II dddc thay hoc (5+4 + 3) vi vdi thdi gian nhd viy se: bing cap THCS - Dim bio dd thdi gian de thdc hien muc tieu cCia -Trdimg phd thdng trung hoc dUOc thay bing trudng GDPT la dao tao eon ngUdl Viet Nam phat triln toan dien, trung hoc chuydn ban Cap dddc gpi la cap THPT cd dao ddc, kiln thii'e, sdc khoe, tham mi va hddng nghiep Mot sd kien dang ghi nhd thdi ki niy eda sd de trdthanh edng dan (18 tudi) va die biet lap/idf trien dddc nghiep phit trien GD Ii sif ddi cOa Luat GD HTGDPT dUdc ddy no cdc to cua nhan each, chuan bi tdt nen ting quy djnh chinh thdc LuSt GD 2005 bao gdm cic bic, eho phat trien nhan life bdi cinh cua the gidi hien c3p hoc sau: GD tilu hoc nam, td 6-11 tudi; GD THCS: - Cd cau khung 12 nam cua he thdng va cd cau thdi nam, td 11-15 tudi; GDTHPT: nam, td 15-1 Studl gian cac cap (5 + + 3) da dUdc thd thich thdc tien ^ Mot s6nh6n]Kt chung qua mot thdi gian Can cd vio cic tilu ehf cin ed eCia mdt HTGD ed the nit - Dim bio cho viec thuc hien phan hda da dang dUdc mdt sd nhin xlt chung ve he thdng GDPT d nddc ta nhd sau: thuan Idi, phii hdp vdi SU phit trien da dang nang cCia - Da xiy dutig dUoc mdt h# thdng ti;ang ddi hoan HS, dip dng true tiep nhdng nhu cau rat phong phu eCia chinh ve cap hgc vdi mot mang ludi trddng phin bd dlu ddi sdng, ket hdp vdi xu hifdng gia tang v i hien dai hda khip c i nude Cac loai trddng, Idp dap dng dddc yeu tri thdc khoa hoc, kT thuit va nhan van nha trddng cau hoe t i p cho cic ddi tdcmg t r i binh thUdng, t r i cd nang Phil hdp vdi xu hudng ITnh vdc cua eic nudc tren khieu, tr§ khuylt tat Khung thdi lUdng chung v i thdi gian the gidi Tuy nhien, tUdng lai, Viet Nam cd the xem xet phan bd eho cae cap sau mot sd Ian dieu chinh cho din viec ^eu chinh giai doan GD cd bin theo phan bd thdi gian Ii tddng ddi phii h ^ Cd the ndi cd du Idiung thdi gian h i (6+4 + 2),hoac(5 + S + 2)vi: thdng GDPT dn djnh tdnim 1981 (b^t dau triln khai cai Kit qui eua giai doan GD cd bin Ii the hien trinh dd eichGDI5nthd3) dan tri tdi thieu cua mdt nudc, the hien hoc van phd thdng - Nam hoe 2014-2015,Vi^t Nam hien cd khoing 14,9 cua moi ngudi nhd la nen tang de tddd phat triln theo trilu HS phd thdng vdi gan 855.478 giio vi^n v i ed 15337 cae hddng khac Trong boi cinh the gidi hien nay, d l trddng tieu hoq 1QM2 tnldng THCS, phd tfidng co sd; 2.758 dim bio mot nen ting, mot hoc van nhd the thl mdt thdi trddng THPT; 242 trddng ttidng dan toe noi tnj va 687 lUdng hoc nam co the chua du de hoin dddc Nen trddng thdng din tdc bin tru Phd eip GD tieu hoc va them nim de cd dilu kien tot hdn viec trang bi THCS trin toin qudc da hoan Tom lai, vdi khung thdi lucmg da xac djnh he thdng (Xem tiep trang 64) ) 1/01/1979, Bd Chinh tri da thdng qua Ngh[ quylt 14/NQnw ve Cai cich GD Ian thd ba, dd quy dinh HTGDPT dai 12 nam gdm bac hoe sau: Bic thdng cd sd nam, gdm hai cap hoe: cap I noc nam, bao gdm c i hoc van v i cap II hoc nim vdi cac trddng phd thong ed sd nam Bac thdng trung hoc nim (dp III) vdi eic trddng phd thdng trung hpc nam ed phan ban (xem hinh 3), bD^ sd 127-THANG 4/2016*3 ® GIAO DUC NUOC NGOAl Tirupatl, Andhra Pradesh, An , 502 [2] T Ananda, Khoa Klnh ti, including TrUdng D?i hpc Sri Venkateswara, Tirupatl, Andhra Pradesh, A n D d , 517 502 [3] M Krishnaveni, Khoa Lich sd, Dai hpc Sri Venkateswara, TIrupati, Andhra Pradesh, A n D d , 517 502 and technology has been recognized resources, particularly as the cradle of international was emerged international education students unemployment Keywords: institutes, provi learning, destination discussed about suggested after Solutions; study solutions graduation for higher to reduce and withdrew India: lessons- issues unemployment; learnt lllllllllillllltllltltlllllll k i l n t h d c p h d t h d n g t d c chuyen t d nam sang 10 n a m Chi can n a m c d n lai d bac THPT d e t i p t r u n g v i o mue dfch p h d n hda sau t r o n g hpe tap Vi?e thay d o i t d he nam sang he 10 nam c d t h l l i t h e o phdn b d (6-I-4) hode (5+5) ehSe chdn se tao nen n h d n g k h d khan, d i e b i l t Id v i l e e h u I n bi dpi ngu giao vidn, xay d u n g CO sd vdt c h i t , xdy d u n g chUdng trinh sdeh gido khoa, e i c e h l d , chfnh sich hoac cd the la n h d n g bdn khoan, p h i n d n g cda HS, p h u huynh Tuy nhien, n h d n g k h d khan t r e n cd the khac phue dupc vi da c6 kinh n g h i l m t r o n g ede tan d i l u chinh GD, t h i m nda n l u eo d d t h d i gian d l chd d d n g chuan bi c h o su thay d d i d d Sau THCS cd p l i i n tudng h p p li (theo hpc n g h i hoac hpe t i e p len THPT) N l u giai doan G D c d bdn t i 10 n a m t h i sau hpe xong HS se t r d n 16 t u d i , ed t h e t h a m gia hpe n g h i t d 1-2 nam h o i c t h a m gia vao thj t r u d n g tao d d n g hay t i e p t y c hpc THPT D d t u d i 16 phit h p p h o n so v d i d d t u d i 15 t r o n g p h i n l u d n g sau GD ed b d n Co t h e cd ioai hinh t r u d n g THPT: Trudng THPT, t r u d n g THPT e h u y d n / nang khieu v i t r d d n g THPT n g h i Loai hinh trUdng t r u n g hoc nghe can dUpc p h i t t r i l n ddn v l sd luong e h l l m ti Id eao t r o n g cdc loai trUdng THPT T A I L I E U T H A M KHAO Bd G i i o due va Dao tao, (1995), Ndm mual ndm phdt SI/nghlip Gido dgc va Ddo tgo (1945- 1995), NXB G i i o Bd Gido d y e v i O i o tao, KI yeu "Cacdu hi thdng ducphSthdng Viet Nam", H i Npi, t h i n g nam 2012 gido Pham M i n h Hac (2010), Mpt so vdn de gido due Viit nam ddu the kl XXi, NXB Giao due Vidt Nam Vu Ngpc Hdi, (2013) Qudn ii nhd nudc he thdng gido tiiiiiiiiii The article system in India, VE CO CAU KHUNG CUA HE THONG GIAO OUC triin dye standards with low cost of living and as an attractive lessons-learnt in higher education in the field of science With a network of universities and colleges IIIIIIIMIItlllllllllllllllllllllllltlllUllllllllll India students' SUMMARY Today, India skilled human the good quality education (Tiep theo trang 3) dpe Viit Nam doi mdi edn bdn, todn diin vd hpi Tran Thj PhUdng Hoa, (2012), Gido due Phdp * Viet d BdcKi 1884-1945, NXB Khoa hoc Xd hpi Phan Van Kha, (2010), Doi mdi hi thPnggido duequoc ddn Viet Nam, Bao cao t d n g ket d e t i i ma so B2008-3769NV BiJi Ode Thiep, (2011), He thdng gido due Mien Nam Vlit Nam giai doan 1954-1975, Bdo edo t d n g k i t d e tai B2009-37-74 http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx?queryid=219 htttp://Inea.org.uk 10 h t t p y / w w w n i e r g o j p SUMMARY The general educational system is a sub-system of the national education system The training process operated in the general educational system DPT includes different stages, each level is a stage targeted and specific training plan in order to achieve certain level of scientific culture, skills, qualities as well as professional knowledge to students Each stage functions to prepare students for life and product for the next stage The paper addresses the issue of frame structure in general educational system in Vietnam In the article, the author presents-1 /briefiy introducing of general educational system; /Criteria for an appropriate education system in trend of times and operate effectively; 3/Trend to develop general educational system in the world; 4/The situation of developing and improving the general educational system in Vietnam; 5/Recommend its frame structure in the future Keywords: Education; frame structure; educational system; general educational system; national education iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiititiiii [iiititiiiitiiiit LOl CAM ON f' nhdp qudc te, NXB Giao due Viet Nam ^ Tat ea d c bai viet d i n g t r e n Tap chf Khoa h p c Giao d i i c Sd 127 d e u d U o c p h i n b i e n kfn t h e o m p t q u y t r i n h rat c h a t ehe, khdeh q u a n B i n c a n h s u g i d p d d cda Hdi d d n g Bien t d p T a p chf Khoa h o c Giao d u e x i n t r i n t r p n g e d m a n c i c n h a khoa h p c , c i c c h u y i n gia t h u d e n h i l u ITnh vUc n g h i e n c d u k h o a h o c c d a V i e n Khoa h o c Gido d u e Viet N a m , b a o g d m : PGS.T5 Nguyen Quang; Thio; TS Luang TS Nguyin Tien Hung; PGS.TS, Ddo Thdi Lai; PGS.TS Phan Vdn Nhan; PGS.TS Nguyen Viet Thii; PGS.TS, VUdng Thanh HSng Thuin; TS Nguyin HUdng; TS.VUcmg Hing Tdm; TS Nguyen m d t n p i d u n g d e T a p chf Khoa h p e Giao d u e x u a t ban t h i n h c d n g sd b a o TrantrongI 64*KH0AHgcGiAooyc Thi Due PhUdng Thi H6ng Vin; TS Pham Thj Bich Dao da rat n h i e t tinh g i u p d d v l ... cua the gidi hien c3p hoc sau: GD tilu hoc nam, td 6-11 tudi; GD THCS: - Cd cau khung 12 nam cua he thdng va cd cau thdi nam, td 11-15 tudi; GDTHPT: nam, td 15-1 Studl gian cac cap (5 + + 3) da... c h i e m t h u d e mien Bic (tif cudi nam 194f tdi t h i n g 10/1954) v i bmiinNam (cho tdi 30/4/W5) m hoe t h e o HTGD 12 n a m , g d m nam tieu hoc, nam t h d n g t r u n g hoc va n a m t... quy dinh HTGDPT dai 12 nam gdm bac hoe sau: Bic thdng cd sd nam, gdm hai cap hoe: cap I noc nam, bao gdm c i hoc van v i cap II hoc nim vdi cac trddng phd thong ed sd nam Bac thdng trung hoc