Trao iJoi Tham khao ''''3hau^ 10 ndm 201 f PHAN B I I T S A N G KIEN KINH NGHIEM Vdl MOT DE TAI NGHIEN ClfU KHOA HOC o Trieu Yen Yen N hiem vu nghidn ciiu khoa hgc (NCKH) hang nam cua mdi can bg, giang v[.]
Trao iJoi - Tham khao '3hau^ 10 ndm 201 f PHAN B I I T S A N G KIEN KINH NGHIEM Vdl MOT DE TAI NGHIEN ClfU KHOA HOC o Trieu Yen Yen N hiem vu nghidn ciiu khoa hgc (NCKH) hang nam cua mdi can bg, giang vien thudng dugc thyc hien dudi 02 d^ng: Sdng kien kinh nghiem hoac Be tdi nghien cuu khoa hgc De thuc hien tdt nhiem vu NCKH thi trudc hdt chiing ta phai hieu rd: Sang kien kinh nghidm (SKKN) la gi? ^h tai NCKH la gi? Phan bidt dugc Sdng kiin kinh nghidm vdi de tdi nghien cu'u khoa hoc va miic dg gia trj khoa hgc ciia ehiing Mot so khai niem Co the hieu SKKN la kinh nghiem thyc td da cdng ve each thyc hien ciia mdt ngudi hay mgt nhdm ngudi cdng viec nhim cai thien hieu qua edng vide SKKN cd the chi don gian la cai tien quy trinh lam viec d mgt vai bude nao nham tang hieu qua cdng vide hay iing dung mdt phan mem nao dd cdng vide nham cai thidn hieu qua dao tao NCKH la mdt loai boat ddng dac biet eua ngudi, la mgt hoat dgng ed muc dich, co ke hoach, dugc td chiic chat che cua mot dpi ngu cae nha khoa hgc vdi nhiing pham chat dac biet, dugc dao lao vdi trinh cao NCKH la hoat dgng nhan thirc thd gidi khaeh quan, la qua trinh phat hien chan ly va van dung ehiing vao cude sdng Muc dich ciia NCKH la phat hien kham pha thd gidi, lao chan ly mdi de van dung nhiing hidu bidt ay vao cai tao the gidi De tai NCKH: Trong NCKH khai niem de tai (NCKH) dugc hidu la mgt hinh thiic to chiie NCKH mdt ngudi hoac mgt nhom ngudi thuc hien Mdt each nhin khac cu thd hon: NCKH la mdt nhidm vu khoa hgc va cdng nghd nh^ phat hien quy luat, md la, giai thich nguyen nhan hoac sang tao nguyen Iy nhirng giai phap duoc thd hidn dudi cac hinh thiic: de tai nghien cuu md ta, de tai nghidn ciiu phan tich, de lai trien khai thyc nghiem hoac kit hgp ca nghien ciiu md ta, nghien ciiu phan tich va trien khai thyc nghidm NCKH la mgt nhiing nhiem vu quan trgng eiia cac nha khoa hgc ndi chung va cac nha giao dye ndi ridng Hang nam, moi can bg giang vien ddu phai thuc hien nhidm vu NCKH dd diie riit nhiing kinh nghidm, tim nhiing tri thiic mdi \ e ban chit sy vat, vd thd Mdt sd hinh thirc td chiic nghidn eiiu khac gidi ty nhidn va xa hdi, de sang tao phuong khdng hoan toan mang tinh chat NCKH chang phap va phuong lien ky thuat mdi cao han, gia han nhu: Chuong trinh, du an, de an Su khac tri hon gdp phan nang cao chit lugng giao due, bidt giiia cac hinh thirc NCKH nhu sau: Q THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC - De tai: dugc thue hidn dd tra ldi nhirng - Tinh thuc tien: Tae gia trinh bay dugc cau hdi mang tinh hgc thuat cd thd chua dd y nhiing sy kidn da dien thyc lidn edng ddn viec irng dung hoat dgng thyc td tae giang day giao due eiia minh d noi minh - Du an: dugc thye hidn nham vao myc edng tae Nhirng ket luan dugc rut dd dich ling dung, cd xac dinh cu the hidu qua vd tai phai la sy khai quat hda tir nhftng sy thyc kinh td va xa hgi Dy an cd tinh iing dung cao phong phii, nhung hoat dgng eu the da tidn hanh CO rang budc thdi gian va ngudn lue Tinh sdng tao khoa hgc: Trinh bay - De an: la loai van kidn, dugc xay dyng &Q trinh cap quan ly cao hon, hoac gdi cho mgt dugc CO sd Iy luan, co sd thyc tien lam cho dya ; CO quan tai trg dd xin thyc hien mgt cdng vide eho vide giai quyet van dd da ndu de i nao dd nhu: lap mgt td chiic; tai trg cho tai Trinh bay mdt each ro rang, mach lac cac : mgt hoat ddng xa hdi, Sau dd an duge budc lidn hanh SKKN Cae phirong phap phd chuan, se hinh nhung dy an ehuong lien hanh mdi me dge dao Dan ehiing cac tu lieu, sd lieu va ket qua chfnh xae lam ndi bat i trinh, de tai theo yeu cau cua de an tae dyng, hieu qua eua SKKN da ap diing - Chuong trinh: la mgt nhdm dd lai hoac - Khd ndng van dung vd mff rong SKKN: dy an dugc tap hgp theo mdt mue dich xac dinh Giiia chung cd tinh ddc lap tuong ddi cao Tidn Trinh bay, lam ro hieu qua ap dung SKKN &^ thyc hidn dd tai, dy an chuong trinh (cd dan chiing cac ket qua, cac sd lieu de so khdng nhat thidt phai gidng nhau, nhung ngi sanh hidu qua cua each lam mdi so vdi each lam cii) Chi dugc nhiing didu ki?n can ban, dung cua chuong trinh thi phai ddng bg nhiing bai hgc kinh nghiem de ap dung cd hieu SKKN chil yeu dua trdn kinh nghidm ca qua SKKN, ddng thdi phan tich cho thay trien nhan dd NCKH phai dya vao cac ly vgng vide van dyng va phat trien SKKN thuyet khoa hge da cd va thyc le khach quan da trinh bay Sang kien kinh nghiem 2.2 SKKN CO thd chia miic 2.L Yeu cau vi^t mot SKKN: Tae '^ Tu&ng thuat kinh nghiem: lac gia ke gia can lam rd tinh muc dich, tinh thirc tien, lai nhiing suy nghT, nhung vide da lam, nhung tinh sdng tao khoa hgc va khd ndng van dung, each lam da mang lai nhiing ket qua nhu the m& rgng SKKN nhu thd nao? nao? mirc tudng thuat tae gia can lam ndi - Tinh muc dich: Dd tai da giai quyet bat cac bien phap ed tinh chat sang tao, ed lae dugc nhiing mau thuan, nhung khd khan gi dung tdt da giiip tae gia khac phuc khd khan, ed tinh chat thdi sy boat dgng cdng lac mang lai ket qua cdng tae giang day, giao ndi chung (d day chu yeu chi ndi ddn cdng tae due d CO sd (md ta cdng vide tidn hanh theo giang day, giao due sinh vien); nham nang cao trinh tu logic) Md ta cae kdt qua da dat dugc tir nghiep vu cdng tae eua ban than; de trao ddi vide ap dung cac bidn phap da tidn hanh Chi nhirng bai hgc kinh nghiem cin thidt kinh nghiem vdi ddng nghiep THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC Tr^o ddl - Tham khao ^ Phdn tich kinh nghiem: d miie nay, lac gia cin thye hidn dugc cac ydu cau nhu d mue tudng thuat kinh nghidm Ngoai can nhan xet, danh gia nhihig uu diem, tae ddng va nhiing mat cdn ban che ciia SKKN da thue hidn, hudng phat tridn nang cao cua de tai Trong vide phan lieh, tae gia can phai: Md ta cae bidn phap da tidn hanh 6i tai va giai thich y nghTa, ly lya chgn nhiing bidn phap va lac dung cua chiing Ndu dugc mdi quan he giira eac bien phap vdi dSc diem ddi tugng, vdi nhiing dieu kien khach quan Rut nhihig ket luan khai quat hudng dan eho vide ap dung cd hidu qua SKKN (nhimg dieu kien can bao dam, nhung bai hge kinh nghidm) va md rdng, phat tridn SKKN 2.3 Cdc bu&c tien hdnh viit mgt SKKN - Chgn de tdi (dat ten de tai) "Jhdmf 10 ndin 20% Ten dd tai chinh la mgt man thuan, nigt van dd thuc tien giang day, giao due ma tae gia cdn dang phan van, tran trd, lim each giai quyet, lam sang id - Viet de cuffng chi tiet Day la mgt cdng vide rat can thidt vide vidt SKKN Ndu bd qua vide nay, lac giase khdng dinh hudng dugc minh can phai vidt cai gi can thu thap nhirng tu lieugi \e ly thuyet vi thyc tidn can trinh bay nhung sd lieu ? Viee ehuan hi de cuong cang chi tidt bao nhieu thi cdng vide vidt SKKN cang thuan Igi My nhidu - Tien hdnh thuc hien de tdi + Tae gia tim dgc cac lai lieu lien quan ddn de lai, ghi nhan nhiing cdng vide da thirc hidn thyc lidn (bien phap, cae bude lien hanh, ket qua cu thd), thu thap cac sd lieu de dan chirng Tae gia ndn luu trii cae tu lieu ihu thap dugc theo timg loai Ndn sir dung eac tiii hd so ridng cho timg van de thuan tien eho viec lim kiem, tdng hgp thdng lin Cae van dd cd the ehgn dd viet SKKN rat phong phii, da dang, bao gdm nhidu ITnh vye nhu: Kinh nghidm vide giang day mdt chuong, mdt bai, mgt ndi dung kidn thiic cu thd; Kinh nghiem vide giao due sinh -*- Trong qua trinh thu thap tai lieu can vien; Kinh nghiem vide bdi dudng, phy tidp luc xem xet chinh sira dd cudng chi liel dao sinh vidn; Kinh nghidm viec td chiie eho phii hgp vdi tinh hinh thyc td mgt boat ddng giao due cu thd cho sinh vidn - Viet bdn thao SKKN theo dd cuang da Khi viet SKKN, cong viec dau tidn ciia chuan bj Khi vidt SKKN tae gia ein chii y day tae gia la cin suy nghT lya chgn mdt tdn dd la loai van ban bao eao khoa hgc cho ndn ngon tai phii hgp Trong NCKH (vidt SKKN) vide ngu vidt can ngan ggn, xiic tich, chinh xae Can xac djnh tdn de tai cd y nghTa quan trgng sd tranh su dung ngdn ngO: ndi hoac ke le dai dong mgt, ddi nd cdn quan trgng ban ca vide giai nhung khdng dien dat dugc thdng tin can ihifit quyet de tai Vide xac dinh ten dd tai chinh xac - Hodn chinh bdn SKKN, danh may, in cd tae dung dinh hudng giai quydt vin dd cho an tae gia, giup eho tae gia bidt tap trung su nghien 2.4 Ket cdu cua m^t SKKN ciiu vao van dd can giai quydt, tranh dugc sy lan man, lac dd a Dat v i n de (Ly ch^n d l tai) THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC ' ItMUWt £.\fi:3 Tae gia can trinh bay dugc eac y chinh each giai quyet cai tidn sau day: b3 Cac bien phap da tien hanh de giai - Ndu ro hidn tugng (van de) thuc quyet van de tidn giang day, giao due ma tae gia da ehgn Trinh bay trinh tu nhiing bidn phap, eac dd vidt SKKN budc eu the da tidn hanh de giai quyet van de, - Y nghTa va tae dung (vd mat ly luan) dd ed nhan xet ve vai trd, tae dung, hidu eiia hidn tugng (van de) dd cdng tae giang qua eiia timg bidn phap hoac timg budc dd d?y, giao due b4 Hieu qua cua SKKN - Nhiing mau thuan giiia thyc trang (cd Trong muc can trinh bay dugc cac y: nhiing bat hgp ly, cd nhiing didu can cai tien - Da ap dung SKKN d Idp nao, khdi nao, siia ddi ) vdi ydu cau mdi ddi hdi phai dugc cho ddi lugng cu thd nao? giai quydt - Trinh bay ro ket qua cu the ap dung Tir nhimg y dd, tae gia khang dinh ly SKKN (cd ddi chidu so sanh vdi kdt qua minh ehgn van dd dd vidt SKKN tidn hanh cdng viec theo each cii) b Giai quyet van de (Noi dung SKKN) c Ket luan Day la phan quan trgng, cdt loi nhat cua Cin trinh bay dugc y nghTa cua SKKN mgt SKKN, chiing ta ndn trinh bay theo muc ddi vdi cdng vide giang day, giao due ciia chinh sau day: ngudi giang vidn, ngudi quan ly Nhung nhan bl Co so^ ly luan cua van de dinh chung ciia lac gia vd viec ap dung va kha Trong muc lac gia can trinh bay tdm nang phat trien ciia SKKN Nhimg bai hgc kinh tit nhiing ly luan, ly thuydt da dugc tdng kdt, nghidm dugc nit tu qua trinh ap dung SKKN bao gdm nhirng khai niem, nhimg kien thiic co ciia ban than Nhiing y kien dd xuat (vdi Bd ban vd van dd dugc chgn de viet SKKN Dd GD-DT, UBND tinh, Lanh dao tmdng chinh la nhiing co sd ly luan cd lac dung dinh theo timg dd tai) dd ap dung SKKN cd hieu qua hirdng cho viec nghien ciru, tim kiem nhirng Tom iai, cong viec vidt SKKN thuc sy giai phap, bien phap nham khlc phuc nhiing la mgt cdng vide khoa hgc, nghidm tiic ddi hdi mau thuan, khd khan lac gia da trinh bay ngudi viet phai kien nhan, phai cd sy dau lu tri phan dat van de tue, cdng siie va thdi gian Dd khdng phai la mgt \ iec dd dang Hy vgng ring vdi mdt sd ggi b2 Thuc trang cua van de y tren day ed the giiip cae ban ddng nghidp mdt Tae gia trinh bay nhirng thu?n Igi, khd sd y tudng ehinh cdng vide viet SKKN, khan ma tae gia da gap phai vin &h ma gdp phan nang cao chat lugng giang day va tae gia da chgn dd vidt SKKN Didu quan trgng giao due phln la md ta, lam ndi bat nhiing khd Nghien cihi khoa hgc khan, nhiing mau thuan ma tae gia dang tim THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC ... bidn phap da tidn hanh Chi nhirng bai hgc kinh nghiem cin thidt kinh nghiem vdi ddng nghiep THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC Tr^o ddl - Tham khao ^ Phdn tich kinh nghiem: d miie nay, lac gia cin thye... phat trien SKKN thuyet khoa hge da cd va thyc le khach quan da trinh bay Sang kien kinh nghiem 2.2 SKKN CO thd chia miic 2.L Yeu cau vi^t mot SKKN: Tae ''^ Tu&ng thuat kinh nghiem: lac gia ke... nhidu ITnh vye nhu: Kinh nghidm vide giang day mdt chuong, mdt bai, mgt ndi dung kidn thiic cu thd; Kinh nghiem vide giao due sinh -*- Trong qua trinh thu thap tai lieu can vien; Kinh nghiem vide