LICH SU* KHAO CO DANTQ^ns/v, Giao due Nho hoc diroi thoi chiia Nguyen Trinh Thi Ha* Tdm tdt Trong hai thi ^ XVII, XVIII ciing vdi qua ttinh md rgng phgm vi lanh tho xuing phia nam, xac lgp quyen tg tr[.]
LICH SU* - KHAO CO - DANTQ^ns/v, Giao due Nho hoc diroi thoi chiia Nguyen Trinh Thi H a * Tdm tdt: Trong hai thi ^ XVII, XVIII ciing vdi qua ttinh md rgng phgm vi lanh tho xuing phia nam, xac lgp quyen tg trj tr6n mgt vimg lanh tho rgng ldn, ding thdi vdi mong muon tuyin chgn dpi ngu quan lai phyc vy cho bg miy chinh quyin thong qua dudng gido dye khoa cd, cdc chiia Nguyin dd th^rc hi?n nhieu chinh sdch khac nhu md trudng d^mg ldp, xay dung chuong ttinh hpc tgp, xip ddt giao quan, thyc hi^n cac che dg dai ngg dh dgng vien khuyen khich hp ca ve vat chat ldn tinh than Nhd vay, sy nghi?p gido due Nho hgc d thdi ky ndy da dgt dugc mgt so ket qua nhat djnh, gdp phan quan trpng vao sy phat ttien cua nen van hda dan tgc Tit khda: Giao dye; ttilu dai quan chii; chua Nguyin M d d a u Nam 1558, Nguyin Hoang (1524-1613) dugc Trjnh Kilm chip thugn cu vdo Idm Trin thu vimg Thugn Hda, da cung nhfing "ngudi bg khdc ddng huang d Tdng San vd nhfing ngudi nghta dung xd Thanh Hoa"*'* di vdo nhdm chdc d viing dat ndy, ding thdi tung budc xdc Igp chinh quyin cda ddng hg Nguyen d phia nam (Ddng Trong) doi trgng vdi ddng hg Trinh d Ddng Ngodi S\r phdn cdt ve m^t chinh tri (vua Le chda Trfnh a Ddng Ngodi, chua Nguyin a Ddng Trong ttong hai thi k-^ XVII, XVIII) d^t cho chinh quyin chua Nguyen phdi th\rc hien nhung chinh sdch phu hgp dl gdy dung co dd cda minh tt^n tat cd cdc Iinh v\rc kinh tl, chinh tri, quan svr, vdn hda Th\rc t l , ttong han 200 ndm ldm chu vdng dit Ddng Trong (1558 1777), nin "cdng nghigp" cua cdc chua Nguyen gdy d\mg nen khdng phdi la nhd, thgm chi den ngdy nay, nhin nhgn ddnh gid chung ta van thdy nhung gid tri va ddng gdp to Idn _ cua cdc chua Nguyen, dd cd ITnh v\rc gido dye Nho hgc 74 Mdc dd phdi den nua d i u the k^ XVII, cdc chua Nguyin mdi bdt ddu quan tdm den vigc xdy d\mg nen gido due theo Idi Nho hgc d l ddo tao va tuy6n chgn dgi ngii quan lai cd trinh dg phuc vy cho bd may chinh quyen; nhung nen gido dye Nho hgc it Dang Trong hai t h i ky XVII, XVIII da dugc dinh hinh, dat duoc m$t sd ket qud nhdt dinh vd gdp phdn quan trgng vdo su phdt trien chung ciia nen vdn hda ddn tgc Vdy nen gido due Nho hgc dudi thdi trj vi cdc chua Nguyen dd dien nhu thi ndo? Bdi vilt se gdp phdn ldm rd vdn dl M d t n r d n g d u n g ldp 2.1 He tkSng truorng cong Sau tiep quan vung dit mdi, ben cgnh nhihig viec Idm mang tinh chat thiet I ^ t)g may cai tri, cdc chua Nguyen cung bit dau chu ^ den van d6 xdy dyng giao due, ddo t ^ nhan tai cho dit nudc thdng qua dudng '** Th^c sT, Vifn Su hpc, Vi0n Hin mm Khoa hpc xa hOi Vi?tNam DT: 0976897199 Email: trinhha30t2@gmail.com '" Qu6c sil quSn trieu Nguyin (2004) Dgi Nam tkfc inc t.l, Nxb Giio dye, H4N$i, tr.28 Gido dye Nho hgc dudi thdi chua Nguyen giao due vd khoa cd Nho hgc Syr quan tam ndy du(;rc thi hign khd rd qua ldi ndi, chi du cua cac chda Nguyin dd ban Chua Nguyin Hodng tung ndi "Trdi sinh chu ttidng, ttilu dinh cd ngudi gidi"*^' Tuy nhien, dilu kign cdn nhilu khd khan nen tren thuc tl chiia Nguyen Hoang chua cd chinh sdch ciang nhu vi^c lam cu thi nao dli vdi giao due vd khoa cd Vdo ndm 1765, vda len ngdi, chda Nguyen Phuc Thuin (1765 - 1775) dd ban chilu dai xd ttong thien hg, ttong chilu ndy cd mgt dogn vilt thi hi^n tu ttrdng dl cao hgc thuylt Khing Tu nhu sau: "Kinh Xudn Thu dl mudn ddi khudn phdp, day phdi nghiem chmh td ddu muon tdi dugrc Thanh Chu thjnh ddc (ddi Thdnh vuong nhd Chu Id m^t ddi thjnh trj), cin phdi nhd Hing phgm cdch ngdn (ThiSn hing phgm ttong Kinh Thu, nSu ciru trii dl day phdp Idn trj nudc)"'"'* Vigc cdc chiia Nguyin cd thdnh Idp d Dang Trong mgt ngdi trudng cdng mang tim vdc qudc gia nhu Qudc Tii Gidm d kinh Thdng Long hay khdng rdt it tu li^u dl cdp din Nhung it nhit cdc tu li^u Ijch su cimg cho bilt, dudi ddi chiia Nguyen Phdc Chu (1691 -1725) cd dl cdp din chu ttuong xay dyng trudng Quic hgc de thu hdt ngudi tuin tu vao hgc, phyc vy cho myc dich ddo tao nhan tdi Dilu ndy dugc thi hign rit cy thi qua kiln nghj cua Thiin su Thich Dgi Sdn*"** vl vigc Igp trudng hgc bli dudng nhan tai, lay dgo hpc cua Khong Tu Iam gdcttongngi dung gjdo dye "Khong Thdnh Id ding "Vgn thi su bilu", Tu Thu Ngu Kinh chep du phuong phdp ttj the tu thdn, chung ta phdi rdng sire ldm theo, xix sy mdi cd thi hgp 1^ Nay nhd vua nen d\mg nha Quoc hgc, tdn thd Khdng Thdnh, tdng trfi sdch nho; mdi cdc nha Iy hgc danh nho Idm thiy dl gidng minh dgo thdnh Td Vuong Thi hi em cac dgi thdn, cho den nhdn dan tuan tu deu cho vao hgc; rdi bdy each thi hach, de phdn biet ban thua; nung due lau ngdy, ty nhien mgi ngudi hieu biet cuong thudng luan ly; tri dgo chinh dai, ddn ddn trd nen mgt nudc van minh"*^l Chua Nguyen Phdc Chu cd cho xay dyng nhd Qudc hgc tiieo kien nghi cua Thiin su Thich Dgi Sdn hay khdng? Vdn dl khdng thdy chinh su ghi chep lai, nhung ro rdng nhu cau xay dung mdt nen gido due, khoa cu d vung ddt Ddng Trong theo dien che nhu vung Dang Ngodi dd ducrc chu f din Trong Lai tua cua cudn Phii bien tgp IIAC cda L6 Quy Don'** cd vilt mdt doan lien '^' Dgi Viit sic ky todn thu (1993), ban djch ciia Hotog van Ua, Ngo The Long, t.3, Nxb Khoa hgc xS h^i, HA Npi, tr.210 Nguyin Ho&ng sinh n3m 1524,14 thi^ ciia NguySn Kim Nam 1SS8, sau d^n hoi 'j kiln Nguyin Binh KhiSm v4 nhfr chj 14 Ngpc Bao xin Trjnh Kiem cho v4o t r ^ thu miSn dSt Thu$n Qu4ng, dng da d6ng dinh £r x9[ Ai Tu thupc huy|n Tri?u Phong nay, Iiic niy 6ng m