Truyến thống hiếu học, khoa cử của người Thanh Hóa thời kỳ quốc gia phong kiến độc lập.pdf

TAP CHi KHOA HOC, TROaUG BAI BOC H S G BtTc - S6 31 Mlli TRUYftN T H O N G H l A u H O C , K H O A ClT C U A NGlTCH T H A N H H O A THOa K t Q U O C GIA P H O N G KIEN B O C L A P Nguyia Thj Hoa*, Hoing Thanh Hai^ TOMTAT r ™ , ^ W , „ ^ > , „ ^ , ^ txpAo„g kiin ddc lap, Thanh Hda khdng chi cd tiuyin Ihong anh dung b^ khudt chdng xdm lugc kiln cuing sdng Igo xdy dung ddt nuTmd la mgt vung ddt vdn hda phong phi ddc sdc, Irong dd nil bid 'Jyin ihZgUiu hgcUtoa bang Trong cdc tiieu dgl phong kiin, Thanh Hda diu cd nhing vi Jkhoa ^^'^ !••»'• l-^h, ngdy cdng dugc bdi ddp vd Iuu giu din ldn n khda: Tmyin thdng hiiu hgc, khaa bdng nguii Thanh Hda L DAT VAN BE hnh, nhfa kiff Z h« ? Tam vuang nhi Chua", sto smh m nhifa mh htog dto ,fa ma cta la ' """^ " ^ " ' " ã ""^^^ *ô"ô "^ =ã> - ^ ^ S lie suy, lie ftta^ nhmg ftdi nta cmg sto smhmnhmg vidai ttoa, ltoi rang dmh nfa Vto hoi nude nhi NOI DUNG NGHIEN cCm hoc i^L T' 'V^" 'l!" '*'* '^"'""'" """ãã ^* ã"ã ô^ '^y "-^-s w^" njc, Idioa bang cia ngttdi xir Thanh T T , a n h ' * r t ° f ' ' ' " " " ' "'".* " ' '™^*° '"^"S Wfa hpc, ttoa bfag eia ngudi xu Ttata s*n htah fttoh vi phi, ttifa Uta toc ttong sud, ftdi ky quie gia phong Min dfc Sdrhu"y^::r"^"""^^"^^'^""'^*^" ^ s * hpc Phan Huy Chu di ,y gtti: Thanh Hda maeh nui cao chd, vd^ sdng Ita lum qumh bita o phia Bong, A, Lao d phtt Tiy, Bic giap ttfa Sm Nara Nam giap dao Nghf rmrttil, '"• "'•'ông*i^j>ằidBg(Al chiW âft^ cdc dgi hgc st Luu Mien, ngudi Itag VTMi T i f f « Hoing QUaagi tt aiA Bdng nhSit lm Bifa Khoa Uii Thii hpc smh nam K.J Hpi (1239>gdi' Vna Trtn Thfl T d l ^ dng 8^ Di nhi danh (Trgng Nguyen) kbi mdi 22 to6i Ong lim quan dupc thfag dfa chic Titu tnd Khdaflii Thii hpe smh, nim Ky Hpi, nifa bifa Thifa Ung Chhih Bteh thft (1939), dffi vSi- Tifa Thai Tdng, Luu Mifa de nhit giip, dd nhit danh; E m Mifa ttog giif cie chic" ribtt An phi xd Thanh Hfa vi cd cdng Iao rit ldn ttong vi|c dta ^ cta dd sdng S u d J t ^ Trfa, nhifa ngudi Thanh Hda hpc gidi, diu cao, dl lai dtah tifag cfao ddi sau, dd li ^o Mifa Hotog Hoan, Trumg Phdng (Vmh Lde), La Tu (Hfa Lde), Ed B i Qui* (hay Ld Qui, - Bdng Sm), Le Thfa (Ndng Cdng), Hotag Hdi Khanh (Yfa Bjnh) Ngudi ndi tifag nhit eho vifa hpe hanh, Uii cft tiidi Trfa d x d Tharih l i M Vfa Hta Ong que d ltag Phi hj (nay fliudc x i Thifa Trung, huyfa ThiM Hfa) 6ng dS btegphfa khoa flii Bmh Mdi (1247), ddi vua Trfa Thai Tdng, mdi 18 tofc t S V f a Httu i M ' f i ^ gift cic chue quan ttpng ttmg trilu dtoh, nhu Hta ltai vifa hpc si, Binh b0 Thupng fliu,, todc Nhfa uyen hiu Ddng gdp to Ita nhit cia dng cho dit uudc Ii d i bifaiSdSn bd, gft Viet sft ky gom 30 quyfa Biy Ii bd qudc sft dia tifa d nudc ta, nfa dng xftng dfag d l ^ coi li dng To cia nfa sft hpc Viet Nam Thdi Hd, khoa ttii Thii hpc stab ntoi 1400, xu Thanh ed Nguyfa Mtag Tuin Cing; diu vdi Nguyfa Trii, hj Tft Tin, ffl sing tic tip ttio "Cic phafliitip" vdi nhifa bii fh»h^; Su nghipp chdi lpi nhit cfa HS Nguydn Trftng (con ttirdng cia Hd Quj Ey) cd I t l su nghiep khoa hpc dng da ehl sfag flifa edng sdm nhit d phuong Bdng KM bj giac Mmh bit giii vl Trung Qufa, vdi tim ttang dau xd, cia niO, ngudi dto mit nudc, dng; di vidt cufa sich "Nam 6ng mdng Iuc" Nim 1428, sau chifa Uitog quto Mtah, LS Lpi ffl td chic lai vipc hpe t^vi ttii cft rit cd quy c i vi cd nhifa cii cich so vdi cic ttifa dai tiudc Hofag Hda vfa lS' cai ndi hpc hinh, Uu cft cua Thanh Hda nta dudi ttifa Ld So da cd nhilu ngudi dd d»t nhu: Nguyfa Nhfa Ll (1461 - 1522) ngudi x i Hotog Lpc, Uu dd D$ tam giip dfag ttfa si xuat flita khca Tto Sdu (1481) Ong da dupc Uitog eic chfte qum to Tri huyin Ite dfa Hiln sdi si Lumg Bic Btag (1475 - 1526), ngudi x i Hofag Phong, ttii dl D$ nhit giip tita si cip d| Be nhi danh (btag nhta) 6ng lim quan ti^i flitag dfa ehftc Lgi bd Td thi lang kilm Ddng cdc hgc st MOt thdi gian cim quyfa h m 60 nim - mO, giai dom ljch sft khdng dii, Iji x i y i a nhifa bien ed, nhmg nha Mac vfa td chfte cic khoa till dfa dto dl toyfa dmg nhfa tii "Vmg dit Hotog Hda cmg ed nhilu nbo si thi eft dat ttidi Mac nhu: Nguyfa Thanh; i (1506 - 1545) ngudi xa Hofag Edc dd Tiin stkhoa Tto Sftu Trifa Mac Phuc Hii (154f).' ' Lumg HOu Khanh (1527 - 1590), ngudi ling Hdi Trifa (xi Hotog Phong), 14 n g n » Uidng mtah man cta cd nhilu ddng gdp eho su nghi^ ttimg nhi Ld Thdi Ma« dng thi dd dat cao d ky ttii Hpi dng vl phd ti ehp vua Ld chia Trjnh dl thuc hifa f nguyfa cia minh " [7; tt.58] T ^ CHl KHOA HOC TRlfCING B ^ HOC H6Nt: BlTr - »rt , ; " n ^ S d t ^ l r ^ " " - " ^ ' - ^ ' " — ^ ' - « * - t a g n h ^ l i , , T ^ ^ ^ T^ ttidi kJ cd nhifa ngudi flu cu dd dat eao nhu: U Nhfl Bit ^ ^ f f ) : Nguyta Nhta nnfai (1534 - 1597) ngudi xa Hofag U e , Uii dd D gutpnen s,xua, thdn khoa flii Hdi ntai Quy Mii nito hifa Qumg Hmg Uift (T583) stxtutt,hcm,Dmh Nguyin (Hodng Gidp, khoa Uii Btoh ntoi Bmh Mii (1607)' STnUfa J ^ kMc dl ^ t ^ nhu khoa flu Humg ntai Ky B^u nifa hifa Vtoh ^ a t l L ^ l (1729) ttumg flu Thanh Hda liy dd 60 ngudi sItoHofag Hda d d l n g u d i [ T t * ? Trong su nghpp md mang bd cdi phia Nam cia cac chfa Ngm,fa Bta Duv T mot ta qufa cong Uita bic nhat mi eta ,a mpt dmh si ndi tiing Uil ky ; m i v « ic hteJ^d r"'^!''''''""^'"™^"«'"'^"'^«'^'~^'=Lon™vr(dng hpe rStgidi, nhmg vili gia dtah hit xudng nfa khdng duoc di Uii) ' Smg Uidi Nguyfa, nhit li to nta sau thl kv XDC ihn YY „ s „ a - srsrhSfdi^zr^c.^-^"-^ -^ -Bic ffii n ' ' ™ * r * " ^ ã " '""' '*"ã 8*""^ ''S^ô ^ ' ^ ' ^ Hoa, Sm Nam Kinh « £ N m y f a ' l ; r J t , ' ' r " " ' • ^ ^ * ô * ^ " " * ã * - '^' « ™ « *^ ™^n * ^rj^^^^s^i^eSfi::^^—^ dfa c d ^ " h T • " ' " n ' ^ T '""• ^ " ^ '^^^ " ° ^ « " " ^ ™ Oi^ Ndng Cdng, Nga Sm Z d f a t n T i , ' ' " • ? : ° " * * "•= "^'^ " ' " " ^ "^ ' * " ' '^ ™ ' - ^o sfhta™ ^^^Tit^:i7Z:27h^VvT''''T'''''^-'^'''-^ i.l»m„i,A A , ' °" ™ "9" ht vta gom nhung ngum da dau di thi bi du6i m khdi hdi nfa dang hpe d l « ta , ' " ^ ™° "• ° "*'• "*' " ' " " ^ ^^ Tifa bifa nhit eho I^l^U::„7"^r''?''™''^-*-Thumg (xi Hofag Lde huyta Hofal Ho^ h ! ^°^ ''°°« * * '^ "'"8 S«' Btag(cdngpi l i B f a V S t auux), S l n rnoi i to " hpp, m nneu " ' ^gumg, - "" ^ghi danh "^ " "nhung "^ ^'^ ' ' " ^dl ^'"'' ngudi dat T»PCHlKHOAMOC.