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NGHIEN CDUlf LUAN i PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC DAY HOC CHO SINH VIEN DAI HOC NGANH SlT PHAM TOAN PHAN ANH HUNG Tniting Bai hoc Vinh Email hungpdti977@gmaiLcom Tdm tdt Ndng luc dgy hge Id mot bd phdn cdu thdn[.]
NGHIEN CDUlf LUAN i PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC DAY HOC CHO SINH VIEN DAI HOC NGANH SlT PHAM TOAN PHAN ANH HUNG Tniting Bai hoc Vinh Email: hungpdti977@gmaiLcom Tdm tdt: Ndng luc dgy hge Id mot bd phdn cdu thdnh cua nang luc sUpham eua gido vien Viec phdt trien ndng lUc dgy hoc eho sinh vien dgi hoc ngdnh Supham Todn edn duac phdt trien qua cae hogt dpng nhd trUdng sUpham: DOI vdi viec dgy hoe edc mon Todn cO bdn vd nghiep vu; Doi vdi ede hoat dpng ren luyen nghiep vu sUpham thudng xuyen, DOI vdi edc hogt dong thUc tdp supham tdp trung; Doi vdi cdc hoat dong khdc nhUsinh hogt edu lae bd chuyen di vd thi nghiep vy sUpham Qua do, ndng Itfc dgy hoc Todn eiia gido vien gdp phan hinh thdnh vd phdt tnen cdc ndng lUc eho hoc sinh Ndng lUe tuduy vdi cdc thao tde ehu yeu; Ndng Itfc gidi quyet vdn de; Ndng luc md hinh hda Todn hge; Ndng lUe giao tiep; Ndng lUe sddung cdc cong cu, phuong tien hoc todn; NL hoe tdp doc Idp vdi phuang phdp phu hgp Ttf khda: Ndng lue sUpham, smh vien; ngdnh Supham Todn; ndng Itfe day hoc todn (Nhdn bdi ngdy 20/02/2017, Nhdn kel qud phdn bien vd chinh stfa ngdy 13/03/2017; Duyet ddng ngdy 25/04/2017) Dat van de Ngay nay, tren the gidl, xu the chung xem xet va danh gil muc dich, y nghia, gia tri cua cdng viec ma giao vien (GV) d i m nhiem deu gan nhuthdng nhlt ring GV phli la chuyen gia giao due (GD) vdi day du cac pham chat va nang lUc (NL) dip dng yeu cau cao cua nghe nghiep Rieng ve NL linh vUc cd kha nhieu thuat ngd NL su pham (NLSP), NL GD, NL chuyen mdn, NL nghiep vu, NL day hoc (NLDH) CJ day khdng de cap den viec sip xep hoac phan loai NL ma chi quan tam tdi NLSP v l NLDH vdi tU each la mdt td cua NLSP Td dd, bin tdi viec hinh va phat trien NLDH cho sinh vien (SV) khoa Toan - ngUdi GV tuong lai Nang lUc sU pham Theo UNESCO (1990), "Ngudi thdy gido ludn d trung tdm cua cupc thay doi ve GD Nguoi thdy gido cua thdi ki phdt trien mdi phdi ed khd ndng phdt tnen hoc sinh (HS) ciia minh nhdng NL vd thdi dUac coi Id thiet yeu nhU: Sdng tao, thu cam dpi vdi sU thay doi vd doi mdi, da ndng kien thifc, de thich nghi vdi finh huong bien doi, thdng minh, cd thdi dp phe phdn, tim thdy vd gidi quyet duoc vdn de Thdy gido eiia the ki XXI duac quan niem nhu mot nhd chuyen mdn eo khd ndng ndm chdc cdc vdn de cua ngdnh hoc vd cdc ngdnh cd lien quan, co tinh lien ngdnh, thdm nhudn khoa hoc supham, khoa hoc GD" Td dd, GV phai qua day hoe (DH) de hinh va phat tnen cho HS cac NL duoe quy dmh muc tieu, phai thUe sU la mdt chuyen gia linh vUc DH Oieu lien quan tdi yeu eau hang dIu cua ngUdi GV II cd mdt he thdng NLSP ndi chung, NLDH ndi neng Tren co sd nghien cdu hoat ddng cua GV, mdt sd nha tam li hoc da rut ket luan rang Cac NLSP la nhdng hinh Inh phan chieu cua nhdng net nhan each nhlt dinh dip dng yeu cau cua viec DH, GD v l cd nhdng dang NLSP sau day - NLDH the hien qua viec sing tao, chon loc va thUe hien nhdng phuong phap truyen thu tn thdc, ren luyen ki nang eho HS tren ca sd hieu nhdng quy luat chung cua viec DH Nhdng N L giup GV lap ke hoach DHphu hop vdi ddi tuong; thuc hien sang tao cac bli day qua dd phat tnen tu duy, ren luyen cho HS thdi quen lam viee ddc lap; - NL thlit ki hoat ddng hinh nhan each HS mdt elch cd ket qui; kha nang nhln thay trudc hieu qui cdng tae cua nha GO, dUdoan duac hanh vi cua HS nhdng tinh hudng khae nhau; - NL tn gidc dUac xem la nang hieu tam li cua HS nhdng bdi canh khae cung nhutrang thai tam li eua cae em tai mdt thai diem nhat dinh; - NL truyen dat (hen quan tdi NL giao tiep) the hien nhdng tu tudng, nhdng tri thdc, nhdng mem tin v l tinh cam cua minh den ddi tuong trudc het la bang ldi ndi, eung nhu qua net mat va edehi giup HS nlm vdng cae van de duoc truyen dat, hinh va phat tnen cac ki nang bau khdng hoc tap tich cUe, hdng thu Qua dd, xac lap nhdng mdi quan he dung din vdi cac em (sU kheo leo ddi xd ve mat sU pham, ed tinh tdi nhdng dac diem ca nhan va Ida tuoi); - NL to chtfc {Uen quan tdi NLquIn li) la NLtdchUc tap the HS, doan ket, ddng vien el tap the giai quyet nhdng nhiem vu quan trong, ke c l NL td chdc hieu qua dung din edng tic cua bin than Qua dd, CO the thay NLDH la mdt bd phan eau cua NLSP eua GV, Nang lUcday hoc NLDH cd mdi quan he chat che vdi chul'n GV Chuan thudng quy dmh he thdng cac NLDH (cung SO 139-THANG4/2017 I NGHIEN Ctfu Li LUAN vdi nhdng NL khae) - qua mdt he thdng tieu chuan v l tieu chi, Tuy theo quan mem va dieu kien thuc tien m l mdi qudc gia cd chuan GV khae nhau, song cd rat nhieu diem gidng nhau, dae biet la ddi vdi NLDH 3.1 Chudn nghe nghiep gido vien 3.1.1 Chuan Id gi? Chuan la mau If thuyet cd tinh chat nguyen t i e , tinh cdng khai va tinh xa hdi hda, duoc dat b i n g quyen lde hanh chfnh hoac chuyen mdn bao gdm nhdng yeu cau, tieu chf, quy dinh ket hap logic vdi mdt each xac dinh, duac dung lam cdng cu xae mmh suvat, lam thudc danh g i l hoac so sanh eae hoat ddng, cdng viee, san pham, dich vu, ITnh vUc nao dd v l ed khuynh hudng dieu chinh nhUng sd vat theo nhu cau, muc tieu mong mudn cua ehii the q u I n 11 hoac chu the sd dung cdng viee, sin pham, djch vu [1] 1.2 Chudn nghe nghiep gido vien Chuan nghe nghiep GV nhan manh chat luqng tay nghe va dao ddc nghe nghiep, Trong chuan nghe nghiep, GV thudng cd chuan dao ddc, chuan hoc van khoa hoc chuyen mdn, chuan NL g i l n g day, chuan NL cdng nghe, chuan NL giao tiep, chuan NL thiet ke DH, chuan NL danh gia ngudi hoc, 3.2 Quan niem vi ndng Itfc dgy hge dmpt sdnudc - Cdng hda Lien bang Ode- Chuan trinh bay nhdng NL khoa hoc GD ed y nghia dac biet ddi vdi dao tao (OT) nghe nghiep va cudc sdng nghe nghiep thudng nhat, ket ndi vdi bdi dudng GV, Dong thdi la co sd eho viee xay dUng ehuang trinh OT GV bao gdm ca phan OT thUe tien va OT GV tap sU d eae bang, Chuan OT GV duoc xay dUng dUa tren md hinh NL nghe nghiep GV Theo Chuan nay, NLDH cua GV bao gdm (1) XaydUng ke hoach bai hoe v l thuc hien gid len Idp phu hop vdi yeu cau chuyen mdn; (2) Ho tro viec hoc cua HS b i n g each td chdc cac tinh hudng hoc tap, ddng vien HS thiet lap cac mdl lien he va ap dung cai da hoc; (3) Khuyen khich HS tu quyet dinh ele hoat ddng hoc tap [2], - Chuan nghe nghiep GV bang Queensland (Uc) la bd khung chuan cd dac diem chung ve ban chat, he thdng eae kien thdc, kl nang va NL ap dung chung cho tat ca GV d moi cap hoc, trinh OT cung nhu moi loai hinh trudng cle co sd GD eua bang Bd khung Chuan bao gdm 12 tieu chuan vdi 47 tieu chi cd lien quan: (1) Thiet ke bai hoc Imh hoat va ddi mdi (hoc qua tr^i nghiem) phu hop vdi tdng ca nhan v l nhdm; (2) Gop phan vao viec phat tnen ngdn ngd, kha nang biet doc va tmh toan, (3)Thiet ke q u i tnnh hoc tap b i n g trat nghiem thach thuc tri tue; (4) Thiet ke qua trinh hpe tap bang trai nghiem phu hop va ed lien quan vdi ben ngoai nha trudng, (5) Thiet ke DH hoa nhlp; (6) Tich hop cdng nghe truyen thdng qua trinh giang day; (7) Oanh gia va bao cao nhan xet qua trinh hoc cua HS, (8) Ung hd sU phat tnen va tham gia xa hdi cua HS, (9) Tao mdi trudng hoc tap an toan va duoe bao ve; (10) Xay dung 50 • KHGA HOC GIAO DUC mdi quan he vdi cdng ddng; (11) Cpng tac vdi ddng nghiep; (12) Cam ket phat trien chuyen mdn [3] Trong cd tieu chuan d i n h cho NLDH 3.3 Chudn nghe nghiep eua gido vien trung hoc eua Viet Nam Chuan bao gdm tieu chuan (vdi 25 tieu chi cd hieu luc thi h i n h pham vi toan qudc), cu the la' Tieu chuan ve pham chat ehinh tri, dao dtfe ldi sdng (5 tieu ehi); Tieu chuan ve NL tim hieu ddi tUOng va mdi trudng GD (2 tieu chO; NLDH (8 tieu chO; NL GD (6 tieu chO; NL boat ddng chinh tri, xa hdi (2 tieu ehO; NL phat trien nghe nghiep (2 tieu chi) [4].Trong dd, tieu chuan NLDH cdcac tieu ehi ve Xay dung ke hoach DH; a m bao kien thuc mdn hoe; O l m b l o ehuang trinh mdn hoc; Van dung cac phuong phap DH; Sd dung c i c phuong tien DH, Xay ddng mdi trUdng hoc tap; Quan li hd sO DH; Kiem tra, d i n h gia ket qua hoc tap cua HS, Cac tieu chuan lan iuat duoc cu the hda qua cac tieu chi dudi day -Xdy dung ke hoach DH Cac ki hoach DH duac xay dung theo hudng tfch hap DH vdi GD the hien rd muc tieu, ndi dung, phuang phap DH phu hgp vdi dac thii mdn hoc, dac diem HS va mdi trudng GD; phdi hop hoat ddng hoc vdi hoat ddng day theo hudng phat huy tinii tich cdc nhan thdc eua HS - 0dm bdo kien thdc mdn hoc: Lam ehu kien thUc mdn hoe, dam bao ndi dung DH chinh xac, cd he thdng, van dung hop li cac kien thdc Nen mdn theo yeu cau co ban, hien dai, thuc tien - Ddm bdo ehuong trinh mon hoe: ThUc hien noi dung DH theo chuan kien thdc, ki nang va yeu clu ve thai dd duqc quy dinh chuong trinh mdn hoc - Vdn dung cdc phuang phdp DH- Van dung cat phuong phap DH theo hudng p h i t huy tinh tich ci/c, chu ddng va sang tao cua HS, phat trien NL tu hoc va tu cua HS, - Su dung cdc phuang tien DH: Sddung ele phuong tien DH lam tang hieu q u i DH - Xdy dung mdi trudng hoe top: Tao dUng mdi trudng hoetap, Dan chu, t h i n thien, hop tac, cdng tac, thuan loi, an toan va lanh manh, -Quon/jhdsoDH-Xaydung, bao q u I n , sddung ho so DH theo quy dmh - Kiem Ira, ddnh gid ket qud hoc tdp cua MS' Kiem tra, danh gia ket qua hoc t i p cua HS bao d i m yeu c l u chinh xac, toan dien, cdng b i n g , khach quan, cdng khai va phat tnen NL t u danh gia cua HS, sd dung ket qua kiem tra danh gia de dieu ehinh hoat ddng day va hoc, 3.4 Ndng Itfc dgy hoc cua gido vien Todn SV nganh Su pham Toln hoc la nhung ngUdi GV Toan tuong lai va ndi ehung la se lam viec d cle trudng phd thdng, Ngay q u i trinh OT d bac dai hoc, ho can duoe hinh va p h i t tnen NLDH, Yeu cau dat cho cac trudng dai hoc cdOT GVToan can nghien cUu tim cac bien phap de qua trinh td chdc DH va danh NGHIEN ClKULI LUAN I phai duoc ren luyen v l td ren luyen cdn hoe trudng dai hoc Neu khdng quan tam tdi yeu eau thi GV se gap nhieu khd khan hinh nghe va llm suy gilm hieu q u i DH Toan 3.5 Phdt trien ndng Itfe dgy hoc cho sinh vien sU phgm Todn Trudc het, can khang dinh rang cac NLDH cua SV - Toan hoc la khoa hoc cd tinh trdu tuong cao va tinh thuc tien dung; dang chu y II tfnh trdu tuang can va cd the duoc phat tnen qua cac hoat ddng cua nha cao khdng he lam mIt tinh thuc tien cua Toln hoc m l trudng sU pham, dac biet ia qua viec DH cic bd mdn ea cdn llm cho Toln hpeed the dng dung duae nhieu ban, nghiep vu ciing cic hoat ddng ren luyen nghiep vu linh vUc cua cudc sdng Toan hoe eung cd tinh logic va nhu mdt phuong cham DT tfnh thUe nghiem xet theo hai phuang dien: Neu chi trinh - Ddi vdi viec DH edc mon Todn ea bdn vd nghiep vu: bay lai nhdng ket qua toln hoc d l dat dUOc thi dd II mdt DH Toln ca bin khdng chi nhlm truyen thu eae kien khoa hoc suy dien vdi tinh logic noi bit Neu nhln Toln thdc Toln hoc don thuan ma cdn lam noi bit cae dae hoe qua trinh hinh va phat trien, qua trung eua Toan hoe, SV phli hieu duac ban chat ciia sU trinh tim tdi phat mmh thi phuong phIp toan hoc bao trdu tuang, dac biet II kha nlng dng dung vao cle linh gdm ca tim tdi du doln, vln cd "thUc nghiem" va "quy vUe eua ddi sdng ciia cac kien thdc Toan hoc ca ban; mdi nap" Nhdng dac diem tren cua Toan hoc can dUOc phan quan he ciia nhdng kien thdc vdi kien thdc cung loai anh qua trinh DHcua GVToan, can duacquan triet duoe hoe d phd thdng CIch thdc gilng day cle mdn qua trinh tu ren luyen NLDH Toan cua SV Toan eo ban can phli vuot khdi khudn khd mang tinh - Mdt dac diem khae can chu y la muc tieu cua viec truyen thdng, ddi mdi theo dmh hudng chung la td chdc DH Toan duqc xac dmh gdm cle pham chat, NL cln hinh va hudng dan ngudi hoc, chu ddng kham pha linh va phat trien cho HS, NLDH Toln xet cho cung hdi va dng dung CIc mdn hoc ve nghiep vu cln nhlm gdp phan hinh va phat tnen ehinh cic NL tim kiem cic gill phlpning cao hdng thu ciia ngUdi hoc duoc neu muc tieu do, Od la: vdi cac hinh thde da dang, dac biet la gan bd chat ehe vdi + NL tu vdi ede thao tdc ehu yeu nhu: Phan tich GD Toan hoc thdng, di trudc Toan hoc thdng ve v l tdng hop, so sinh, dac biet hda, khai quat hda LUu ddi mdi td phuang phap cho den danh gia ket qui hoc y den NL tuduy logic suy dien, lap luan cung nhU tap cae yeu td khae nhutim tdi, du doan; tu phe phan, - Ddi vdi cdc hoat ddng ren luyen nghiep vu sUpham sang tao, tudng tuong khdng gian thudng xuyen: Song song vdi hoat ddng hoc tap, SV cdn + NL gidl quyet vdn de Day la mdt nhdng tham gia hoat ddng thUc hinh thudng xuyen Ren luyen NL ma mdn Toan cd nhieu thuan loi de phat trien eho nghiep vu su pham thudng xuyen la mdt hoat ddng cd ngudi hoe so vdi ele bd mdn khae qua viec tiep nhan y nghia rat quan trong viec phat tnen NLDH cho khai niem, chdng minh cac menh de toln hoc, dac biet SV ndi chung, SV Toan ndi neng Day la qua trinh bien la qua giai toan nhdng tri thdc li thuyet NL hoat ddng thUe tien + NL md hinh hoa Todn hoc NL the hien d viee td cdn d trUdng dai hoc, thdng qua cac hinh HS cd the phan tich tinh hudng thUc te, trdu xuat cae yeu thde ren luyen nghiep vu sU pham thudng xuyen nhU: td khdng ban chat, di tdi mdt md hinh Toan hoe Sau Soan gtao an, tap giang, "nghien cUu bai gilngV'day hoe giai quyet van de md hinh Toan hoc, HS se chuyen vi md" dieu khien mdt buoi smh hoat, lao ddng, thdng td ldi gill Toan hoc sang ldi gili cho tinh hudng thuc tien qua cac htnh thde to chdc hoc tap, smh hoat tap the, ban dau van hda van nghe, the due the thao, hdi thao khoa hoe, + NL giao tiep (qua noi hodc viet) hen quan tdi viec seminar, thi nghiep vu su pham Od cung la mdt sddung ngdn ngd toan hoc (chd, kihieu, bieu dd, ddthi, dudng de nang cao chat luqng linh hdi cae kien thuc cac lien ket logic.) ket hop vdi ngdn ngd thdng thudng phuong phap DH, cO hdi ren luyen kha nang dng dung NL dUoc the hien qua viec hieu cac van ban toan kien thdc li thuyet vao thue te, tao nen thai dd tich cue hoc, dat cau hdi, tri lai eau hdi, lap luan chdng minh ddi vdi nhdng kien thdc da hoc sudung din cua cac menh de, gili toan - Odl vdi cdc hoat dong thuc tdp sUpham tdp trung + NL stf dung cdc cdng cu, phuong tien hoc Todn (bao Thuc tap su pham la mdt hinh thdc DT cd tac dung kiem gdm cac phuong tien thdng thudng, dae biet la phuong tra mdt cach dung dan ket qui OT nguoi GVToan tUOng tien sddung cdng nghe thdng tm) lai viec giang day v l GD the he tre, giup ho lam + NL hoc tdp doe Idp vdi phuong phap phu hop ddng quen mdt each tUOng ddi he thdng vdi cac hoat ddng thdt hop tae duac vdi ngUdi khlc mdt each hieu qui phli dim nhiem Gd la qui trinh ngUdi SV ddc lap lam qua trinh hoc tap Toan viec, doi hdi ho phli van dung tdng hop tat ca vdn hieu Oay ehinh la cac NL ma ngUdi GV Toan tUOng lai biet ve Toan hoc ndi ehung eung nhu nhung phuong gia k i t q u i eua SV phli hudng tdi eae tieu chuan va tleu chi tren Ve nguyen tae, GVToan phai ed ele NLDH chung gidng nhu nhdng GV day cae mdn hoc khae Tuy nhien, qua trinh hinh thanh, phit trien, the hien NLDH Toln, qua OT, bdi dudng nen luu y den mdt so dac diem sau: SO 139-THANG4/2017 • S I j NGHIEN Cljru Li LUAN phIp DH cu the de thdc hien nhiem vu DH duac giao td edn ngdi tren ghe nhl trddng cd y nghia dat nen dot thdc tap Qua dd, SV the hien duac NLDH va mdng cho ca qua trinh dd, Oay la dieu ma eae ea sd BT ele pham chat nghe nghiep ciia minh mdt each rd rang GV nen het sdc quan tam Hoat dpng thUc tap giiip cho SV qua trinh tiep tuc TAI LigU THAM KHAO hoc tap cd the dieu ehinh va bd sung, holn thien mpt sd [1] Gang Thinh HUng, {2Q0S), Quan niem ve chuan diem ehua tdt hoac cdn bit d p lien quan tdi cac NLDH, vd chuan hda gido due Hdi thio Chuan va chuan - Ddi vdi cae hoat ddng khdc nhUsinh hogt edu Igc bp chuyen de vd thi nghiep vu sUphgm: CIc hoat ddng nhU hda gilo due - Nhdng van de li luan v l thuc tien, Hdi thi nghiem vu sU pham, cau lac bd nhl gilo tuong tr.l2 [2], Hdi nghi Bd trUdng van hoi giao due (KMK), lai cd Inh hudng nhat dinh den ket qua phat tnen NLDH eiia SV nganh SUphamToln hoc dtrudng dai hoc Ddthi (16/12/2004), Thoa thudn ve Chudn ddo tao gido vien • nghiep vu supham thi khdng chi SV ddthi m l ea nhdng Khoa hoc gido due [3] Professional Standards for Queensland Teachers, SV chdng kien cung thu duqc nhdng kmh nghiem quy blu boat ddng DH dtrudng phd thdng Hdi thi cdn (07/2005), [4] Chuong II quy dinh ve Chudn nghe nghiep cuo II dip de eho SV hoc hdi be ban ddi vdi nhieu edng viec Qua dd, trudng dai hoe kiem tra chl't luong OT eiia minh, gido vien trung hoc ciia Thdng tU sd 30/2009/TT-BGDDT tren cO sd rut kmh nghiem, cai tien ke hoach va each veviec Ban hanh quy djnh chuan nghe nghiep giao vien trung hoe cd sd, giao vien trung hoc thdng thde td chdc hoat ddng OT, [5] Gang Thanh HUng, (2005), Quan mem ve chuan Ket luan NLDH eiia GV can duae hinh thanh, phat tnen va vd ehudn hda gido due, Hdi thio Chuan v l Chuan hda giao due - Nhdng van de li luan va thUe tien, nang eao sudt c l mdt qua trinh, td DT eho den luc hanh nghe, Tuy nhien, ren luyen tdng NL dd tr.15 DEVELOPING TEACHING COMPETENCE FOR STUDENTS OF MATHEMATICAL PEDAGOGY Phan Anh Hung Vinh University Emaih hungpdt1977@gmail.com Abstract: Teaching competence is a component of teacher's pedagogical competences The development of teachi competence for students of Mathematical pedagogy must be conducted through activities in pedagogical universities colleges- Teaching basic Maths and profession subjects, regular activities for pedagogical profession training, intens pedagogical internship activities: other activities such as topie-based clubs and pedgogical profession competition Thus, Maths teaching competences acquired by teachers would contribute to forming and developing such students competencies as; thinking competence with basic actions, problem solving competence: Maths modeling competenc Communicative competence; Competence in using mathematical tools and means; Competence in independent learn with appropriate methods Keywords: Pedagogical competence; student; Mathematical pedagogy, Maths teaching competence 52 • KHOA HOC &IAO DUC ... sdng (5 tieu ehi); Tieu chuan ve NL tim hieu ddi tUOng va mdi trudng GD (2 tieu chO; NLDH (8 tieu chO; NL GD (6 tieu chO; NL boat ddng chinh tri, xa hdi (2 tieu ehO; NL phat trien nghe nghiep (2... nhieu khd khan hinh nghe va llm suy gilm hieu q u i DH Toan 3.5 Phdt trien ndng Itfe dgy hoc cho sinh vien sU phgm Todn Trudc het, can khang dinh rang cac NLDH cua SV - Toan hoc la khoa hoc cd... pham chat, NL cln hinh va hudng dan ngudi hoc, chu ddng kham pha linh va phat trien cho HS, NLDH Toln xet cho cung hdi va dng dung CIc mdn hoc ve nghiep vu cln nhlm gdp phan hinh va phat tnen