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HUCJIMG TCJl SS N A M HDC VIEIM IMCSAN H A N S Hcif̂ tac qyoc te trong giao dye dai hcic tai Trung Quoc va Malaysia bai hoc cho Viet Nam TS NGUYEN THI HOAI THU ThS DANG THI THAO Xu the todn cdu hod vd[.]
HUCJIMG TCJl S S N A M H D C VIEIM IMCSAN HANS Hcif^ tac qyoc te giao dye dai hcic tai Trung Quoc va Malaysia - bai hoc cho Viet Nam TS NGUYEN THI HOAI THU - ThS DANG THI THAO Xu the todn cdu hod vd hdi nhgp qudc ti dang ddi hdi gido due dgi hgc phdi nhanh chdng ddi mdi cdch qudn ly de dam bdo vd ngdy cdng ndng cao chdt lugmg ddo tgo, dd, htyp tdc qudc ti gido due dgi hgc (TNE) Id diiu tdt yiu ddi v&i viic phdt triin gido due vd ddo tgo ngudn nhdn luc chdt lugng cao dgt chudn qudc ti Bdi bdo phdn tich kinh nghiem cua Trung Qudc vd Malaysia viec tiip can muc tiiu dgi hgc ddng cdp qudc te nhd vdo hogt ddng hgp tdc qudc te gido due dgi hgc, tic dd dua bdi hgc cho Viit Nam Tir khda; Hgp tdc quoc ti gido due dgi hoc (TNE), gido due dgi hoc Viet Nam \ Xu hudng phat trien hoat dong hgp tac quoc te giao due dai hoc tai Trung Quoc Su nghigp giao due hien dai cua Trung Qudc bat dau tu rat sdm chg dp khoa cii phong kien dugc xoa bd vao nam 1905, nhung su phat trign mang tinh toan dan cua nen giao due Trung Qudc chi dugc bat dau dat nudc Cdng hda nhan dan Trung Hoa lap vao nam 1949 Trong ban 50 nam qua, Chinh phli Trung Qudc van phat huy truygn thdng chu trpng phat trign giao due Mdi nam, ngan sach tai chinh dugc cap cho nganh giao TiiAur i n 1^\^L fn 173 due chigm dgn gan 14% tdng chi tai chinh nha nudc, tuang ducmg gin 3% GDP Bgn canh viec chii trpng dau tu phat trien giao due nudc, Chinh phil Trung Qudc ludn khuygn khich viec giao luu giao due qudc te Nham khuyen khich sinh vign nudc ngoai sang luu hgc, Chinh phii Trung Qudc da xay dimg chinh sach tigp nhan luu hgc sinh va cd nhiing quy dinh rd rang cho cac trudng Trung Qudc tuygn sinh nudc ngoai Hang nam, Trung Qudc thidt lap hpc bdng Chinh phii de tai trg cho nhiing hpc sinh, hgc gia dugc Chinh phli hoac cac td chirc khac gidi thieu sang Trung Qudc thuc tap, theo hpc cac bac dai hpc thac sy, tidn sy hoac nghign cim cac dg tai Nham dam bao chat lugng cho viec hd trg sinh vign nudc ngoai tim hieu vg chinh sach luu hgc, vg tinh hinh cac trudng ciia Trung Qudc va lam cac thil ttic du hgc, nam 1996, Chinh phu Trung Qudc da lap Ban Quan ly quy du hgc Nha nudc va Trung tam Thdng tin giao due Trung Qudc Trang chii cua hai dan vi dugc xay dung kha cdng phu bang tigng Trung va tigng Anh Trang chii ctia Ban Quan ly quy du hgc Nha nudc (http://www.csc.edu.cn) khdng chi gidi thieu chinh sach du hgc ciia Nha nudc Trung Qudc, cac van ban phap quy ma cdn cd tat ca cac dia chi trang chu lign he cua cac trudng dai hpc cd mydn sinh nudc ngoai ciia Trung Qudc Ddng thdi, Dai Sir quan Tmng Qudc tai cac nudc cung cap thdng tin va giiip dd tu van cho nhiing ngudi cd nhu cau di du hpc Trung Qudc Den nam 2002, vdi han 50 nghin sinh vien nudc ngoai theo hpc tai Trung Qudc, nudc dugc xgp nhdm 10 nudc cd luu hgc sinh nudc ngoai nhidu nhit thg gidi Viec hgp tac vdi cac trudng nudc ngoai giao due dai hgc dupc khuygn khich sau f^ HadNG Tdi 55 NAM HOC VIEN rpng nhim tang cudng kha nang nghign ciru va sang tao ciia qudc gia ciing nhu phat trign sau rdng cac hoat ddng TNE Tinh tdi nam 2015, cd han 900 chuang trinh cir nhan lidn kgt va gin 300 chuang trinh sau dai hgc dugc Bd Giao due va Dao tao (GD&DT) Trung Qudc cip phep boat ddng Hinh thitc lien kgt chigm da sd la nhugng quygn chuang trinh va lign ket chuang trinh NGAN HANG Berkeriey, DH Qudc gia Singapore da dat cac vien nghien ctiu d day Ciing tai "Trung tam tri thiic ciia phuang Ddng" hien cd 2.700 doanh nghiep cdng nghe, hinh mdi lidn he chat che giiia dao tao, nghien cim va chuygn giao tri thiic Nai day ki vgng se cd 100.000 sinh vign d va ngoai Trung Qudc den hgc tap, nghien ciiu tinh ddn het nam 2016 Khu giao due va sang tao qudc tg Td Chau khdng chi (1961 2016) qudc tg Hinh thiic giao diic cdn dugc Thu tudng Ly BChac Cudng xac dinh la mgt nhiing ITnh vuc can uu tidn phat trien dg tang tieu dimg nudc, do cac chinh sach uu dai can dugc ap dung de md rdng cac hoat ddng giao diic xuygn qudc gia tai Trung Qudc Chi rigng nam 2014, cd khoang 550.000 sinh vidn theo hpc cac chuang trinh lign kgt qudc tg Trong vdng 10 nam qua, hon 1,5 OP tac quoc t^ giao due dai hpc (TNE) daoc cho la kh6i nguon tai Malaysia, mpt quoc gia Chai A va bien khap toan cau nhU la mpt nhOng h$ qua trirc tiep cua qua trinh qudi te hoa glao dye Theo td chiJc UNESCO, TNE bao gom cac hinh thufc glao due glao vien, hiji sinh, chUPng trinh hpc hoac tai lieu hpc t|p co sii dich chuydn xuyen bien gl6i lanh tho Hinh thilc gia( dijc tap trung chij yeu vao tinh llnh hoat cua chUPng trinh hpc va ngUdl cung cap djch vu glao dgc TNE khong chi dupc col la mOt hoat dOng xuat khau chUOng trmh ma bao gom cac thoa thuan hiJi tac dao tao nhu lien thong chUOng trinh, chap nhan tin chi va chUOng trinh song bang M Hien tai, Trung Qudc da xay dung kha cdng khu giao due qudc tg Khu giao due va sang tao qudc te Td Chau nam khu cdng nghe cao Td Chau rdng 278 km^, dugc xay dung vdi muc dich thuc day ddi mdi cdng nghigp va la trung tam nghien ciiu iing dung, bao gdm khu chirc nang: Khu vuc dai hgc (DH), sinh hgc, khu cdng nghiep sang tao, phat trign giao due toan dien va khu vuc nghien cim va doanh nghiep day cd sir hien dien ciia 22 DH qudc tg hang dau ciia Anh, Phap, Hoa Ky, Singapore dudi nhigu hinh thiic hgp tac khac nhau, vdi gin 80.000 sinh vign va giang vign Cac trudng hang diu thg gidi nhu DH Oxford, DH Califomia d Los Angeles, DH Califomia IO la noi thu hut cac DH hang dau thg gidi ma cdn tao ddng lire phat trien kinh tg- xa hdi dira vao tri thirc cho toan bd khu vuc rdng ldn cua Tmng Qudc tai Tinh Hien tai d Trung Qudc cd nhidu khu giao due dugc dau tu xay dyng, nhung Khu giao due va sang tao qudc tg Td Chau dugc Bd GD&DT Tmng Qudc cdng nhan la hinh mau tidu bigu tap tmng vao ddi mdi va sang tao, cd sir gan kdt hiiu ca vdi doanh nghiep va chuyen giao cdng nghe Ti le cac chuang trinh dugc cip phep hgp tac vdi qudc tg cdn tang cao han nira Tmng Qudc ban hanh "Kg hoach phat trign va cai each giao due giai doan 20102020", dd nhan manh vai trd ciia cac chuang trinh lidn kgt ^P CHI KHOA HOC & BAO TAO NGAN HA^ trieu sinh vien theo cac chuang trinh TNE tai Tmng Qudc da tdt nghigp Mac du van dang dugc khuygn khich phat trign, nhung sir phat trign ve quy md ciia cac chuang trinh qudc te da gay khdng it khd khan cho GD&DT Tmng Qudc vide kidm soat va danh gia chat lugng giao due cilng nhu hoat ddng tai chinh ciia cac du an dao tao qudc te Nhigu CO sd da lpi diing "ke hd" quan ly, dua cac chuang trinh kem chat lugng va hgc phi qua cao Didu dat nhu cau can phai cd he thdng quan ly chat che va cu thd vdi cac chuang trinh qudc te d Tmng Qudc Kinh nghigm phat trien hoat dSng hop tac qudc te giao due dai hoc tai Malaysia HadNG Tdi 55 NAM HOC VIEN N G A N Khac vai Tmng Qudc, TXE dugc hinh d Malaysia kha mudn Trudc nam 1996, he thdng giao diic dai hpc cdng lap khdng dap ling dil nhu cau xa hdi, din dgn mdt sd lupng Idn cdng dan Malaysia nudc ngoai hpc tap, do Chinh phii Malaysia quydt dinh cho phep cac tmdng tu thiic cung cap dich \TJ giao due dai hpc theo Luat Giao diic dai hpc ap dimg vdi cac trudmg tu ban hanh nam 1996 Day chinh la ngn tang cho cac md hinh TXE vi cac trudng tu thuc Malaysia di tidn phong viec hgp tac vdi cac ddi tac nudc ngoai, md cac chuang trinh qudc te Tat ca cac chuang trinh cd ygu td nudc ngoai tai Malaysia deu phai tuan theo luat phap nudc va khung kigm dinh chat lugng cua U> Ban kigm dinh qudc gia thudc Bd Giao diic Dai hgc Cac ca sd dao tao nudc ngoai phai thoa man cac digu kien de dugc ca quan chiic nang cap giay phep boat ddng va phai la trudmg da dupc kiem dinh tai nudc sd tai U\' ban na\" cting tien hanh kiem tra \a kiem dinh thudmg xu\ en tat ca cac chuang trinh lign kgt qudc te ddng thdi phdi hop vin ca quan ddng nhiem tai nudc ngoai de giam sat boat ddng cua ca sd dao tao cd du an lidn kgt tai Mala\ sia Cling gidng nhu d Trang Qudc, hinh thiic TNE phd bien d Malaysia la lap chi nhanh, nhupng quyen va lien ket chucmg trinh chigm uu thg ban ca tinh hnh boat ciia chucmg trinh, theo dd ngudi hpc cd the hpc nudc theo chuang trinh 3-0 hoac hpc tidp tai nudc ngoai theo chuang trinh +1 va ^2 iii*wcin7mA