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VAN OE HOM NAY (Stroe (167) 2017) NANG CAO NANG ISO DOI NGO GIANG VIEN TAI CAC TRU0NG DAI HOC d Vl i r NAM TRONG DOI CANH HOI NHAP • • • • • Nguyin Thj Van Anh* Phit trien ngudn nhin I^FC li mpt trong[.]
(Stroe VAN OE HOM NAY (167)-2017) NANG CAO NANG ISO DOI NGO GIANG VIEN TAI CAC TRU0NG DAI HOC d Vlir NAM TRONG DOI CANH HOI NHAP • • • • • Nguyin Thj Van Anh* Phit trien ngudn nhin I^FC li mpt nhOng diiu kipn tiin quyet di \fipt Nam c6 thi phit triin kinh te • xa hpi vi hgi nhap v&i nin kinh ti the gi&i Mu6n phit triin nguon nhin lire c6 chit Ivgng cao thi vai trd cua cic giang vien trv&ng d^i hgc li van di then chot Tuy nhiin, thirc ^ cho thSy ning /{ic giang vien & cic trv&ng d^i hgc & Vipt Nam c6n yeu trin nhieu phvcmg dlpn nhv chuyin m6n, giing d^y vi nghiin ciru khoa hgc Chinh vi vpy, trin ca s& dinh gii nhvng mpt cdn h^n chi ning lyK cda cic giang vlin dai hgc & nv&c ta cung nhv nguyin nhin ciia nhdmg h^n chi d6, t>ii viit dum mpt so de xuat nham nang cao ning Ivc dpi ngO tri th&c ndng cot cua dat nv&c • Tlf kh6a: giang viin, nSng li,rc, giing viin dai hgc Human resource development is one of the prerequisites for Vietnam to develop its social economy and integrate into the global economy To develop high-quality human resources the role of university lecturers is critical However, the reality shows that the capacity of lecturers of universities in Vietnam is weak in many areas such as specialization, teaching and research Therefore, on the basis of assessing the limited aspects of the capacity of university lecturers in Vietnam as well as the causes of such constraints, this paper offers a number of recommendations for enhancing their capacity ' Keywords, lecturer, capacity, university lecturer Ngiy Ngay Ngay Ngay nhin bii: 10/4/2017 ChuySn phan bien 15/4/2017 nhin phan bien: 20/5/2017 chSp nhan ding: 28/5/2017 I Ddt van de Mdi quoc gia mudn phat trien Ihi can phai cd cac ngudn luc nhu; lai ngu\an thien nhian vdn khoa hoc - cdng nghe ngudi Trong cac ngudn luc dd thi ngudn Iuc ngudi la quan trpng nhat cd tinh chat qu>at dinh su tang irudng \a phat trien kinh la ciia moi qude gia tir iruoc den na\ De cd duoc ngudn nhan luc chat lugng cao thi \ai tro dao tao cua cac trucmg dai hpc nude la mot \au to then chdt dd hat nhan chinh la nang luc ciia cac aians \ lan Trong giai doan hdi nhap mang linh canh tranh cao nhu hien thi nang lire eiia cdc gidng vien edng phdi dugc ndng cao va hodn thien Nang Iuc dy phai ludn dugc trau ddi ed ve bl rdng vd chieu sau, nang lire ay phai nhu dudng xoay "trdn de" theo dudng di Ien va tuyet nhien khdng ed diem dimg Nang luc ay phai dugc bdi dap mdt each tich cue, sang tao thi mdi cd the dao tao ngudn nhan lire chat iugng cao, dap img \au cdu ciia xa hdi, ciia canh tranh va hdi nhap II Thuc trang ndng luc giang vien tai cac trudng dai hpc d Viet Nam Nhan thuc duge tdm quan trpng ciia giao due & dao tao, dac biet d bdc dai hgc nen gido due ciia Viat Nam ve co ban da eo nhirng chu\en bien tich cue Chi'nh phii da dua dupe chuong trinh cai each giao due phac hpa mdt he thdng giao due dan nam 2020 se phat trien Idn han ba den bdn lan hien tai dugc qudn 1> tdi han va duge hpi nhap tdt hon linh hoat hon viee tao ca hpi cho viec chu\en ddi khda hpc cdng bang hon cd kha nang tu chii tai chinh dmh hudng nghien ciiu nhieu hon tap trung nhieu hon \iec thuona mai hda co hdi nghien ciru \a hpc tap tiep can sdn hon vdi nhirng lieu chuan chat luong qude ta va mo rdng hon vdi cac cam ket qude xk Nghi qu\at sd 142005 NQ-CP nga\ 02 thang 11 nam 2005 ciia Chinh phii \e ddi moi ca ban \a toan dien giao due dai hoc \ ict Xam iziai doan 2006 - 2020 de muc lieu zo ban tront; co " ,\CS - Trucmg Dgi hpc Luo dong - Xa hoi ,68/ Tap chi nghien cufu Tai chinh ke toan '^^06 VAN DE HdM NAY (167) - 2017^ myc tieu quan trpng lien quan din gido dye dai hpc: (1) Md rpng quy md dao lao, dat ty Ip 200 sinh vidn/1 van ddn vao ndm 2010 vd 450 sinh vien/1 van dan vdo nam 2020, dd khoang 70 - 80% tdng sd smh vien theo hpc cac chuong trinh nghe nghiep - ling dung vd khoang 40% tdng sd sinh vien thupc cdc eo sd gido dye dai hpc ngoai cong lap; (2) Xdy dung dpi ngii gidng vien vd can bd qudn ly gido due dai hpc du ve sd lugng, cd pham chat dao ddc vd luong tam nghl nghiep, cd trinh dp chuyen mon eao, phong each giang day va quan ly tien tien; bao dam ty le sinh vien/giang vien eiia ea he thdng giao due dai hpc khdng qua 20 Den nam 2010 cd it nhat 40% giang vian dat trinh dp thac sT va 25% dat trinh dp tien si; dan nam 2020 cd it nhat 60% giang vien dat trinh dp thac sT va 35% dat trinh dp tien sT Nhu vay, phat trian, nang cao nang luc cua giang vien tai eae trudng dai hpc la van de then chdl quyet dinh ngudn nhan lire, nd dugc the hien rat rd nhirng cupc hot thao ve giao due ciing nhu chien lupe phat trian giao due d Viet Nam Thuc ta hien eho thay nang lire ciia cae giang vien tai cac trudng dai hoc d nude ta rat thap so vdi eae trudng dai hpc d cac nude lang gieng nhu Thai Lan, Malaysia chu chua so sanh vdi cac nude phat trien vi khoang each rat xa Mot giang vien gidi la mdt giang vian: (1) c6 nang lire chuyan mdn cao nam bat duac nhiing phat tnen mdi nhat hpc thuat eung nhu thirc tien chuyen mdn eua minh; (2) cd nang lire giang day phii hgp vdi ITnh vuc chuyen mdn sau ciia minh; va (3) cd nang lire nghien ciru sau ITnh vuc chuyen mdn ciia minh Nhin chung, hicn phan "nang luc chuyen mdn" la phan giang vian ciia ehiing ta chii trpng nhicu nhat; phan "nang luc giang day" chiing ta mdi bat dau \i\ can duoc tiap tuc phat trien thdng qua viec hoc lap v;i phai trien eiia ban than: thue hanh, va lim tdi vice irng dung vao giang day; phan "nghien ciru" dang hi niing luc thieu hut nhal cua ddi ngii giang \ien tre chiing ta Cac trudng hau nhu chi chii idi cac ehung chi ma Bd yeu ciiu ddi vdi giang vien chu chua thue su chii \ ao nang lire thuc su ciia giang vien vi Ihe chai \\M\VI cu;i cac cliimg chi chira phan iinh dugc nang luc thuc chiit cua cac giang \\cn dirng Idp Chdt lupng dpi ngu gidng vien dai hpc (GVDH) dugc thi hien chii ylu qua chdt luang hoat ddng gidng day vd chat lupng nghien ciiru khoa hpc (NCKH) ciia giang vien Lien quan din hoat ddng gidng day, thi^e trang hien cho thay CO tinh trang qud tdi gid day ciia dpi ngii GVDH viee thdnh lap d at cdc ea sd GDDH cung vdi su gia tang nhanh ehdng ve quy md ddo tao sd lupng dpi ngu can bp gidng day khdng tang kip iheo toe dp tdng quy md Thuc te dien phd bien, dac biet la ddi vdi giang vien nhimg mdn chung nhu triet hpc, ngoai ngir, kinh te chinh tri va giang vien nhdm nganh hap dan nhu cdng nghe thdng tin, ngan hang, tai ehinh kd toan., Cd nhimg giang vian day 1.000 tiet/nam quy dinh la 260 tiet/nam Tinh trang qua tai gid day dien lien tue thdi gian dai khian cho rat nhieu GVDH khdng cdn thdi gian danh cho hpc tap nang cao trinh dp chuyen mdn, nghiep vu, khdng cap nhat dugc mot each ihudng xuyen eae kian thiirc, ky nang mdi khian cho npi dung bai giang ciia hp ngheo nan, lac hau va khdng dap img dugc yeu eau ciia thuc tien Phuong phap giang day ciia mdt bd phan khdng nhd GVDH cham duge ddi mdi, ehu yeu van la thuyet trinh theo kiau thay dpc - trd chep Trong dd, cdng tac NCKH chua dugc chii trpng; ndi dung NCKH khdng cd chat lugng, hieu qua, khdng cd tinh thue tiin va kha nang img dung ma chi nham ddi phd hoac de cham diem binh xet thi dua, xet phong danh hieu Ha thdng dao tao thac sy va tien sy cua ta hien cung ehua dat den chat Iugng cao nan ka ca sau dat duoc hpc vi thi ciing mdi chi la budc dau da ed the tien hanh cac nghien cuu, tham gia vao qua trinh sang tao In thiic va qua dd lam cho tn ihiic va nang luc cua ban than giang Hinh 1: Nang lire cua mgt giang vien dai hoc Tap chi nghien cCTu Tai chinh ke toan \ giao su ha\ giao su Chinh \i \a\ (167)-2017^ cdc gidng vien dai hpc phdi thudng xuyfin cdp nh^t kiln thurc, ndng cao chuy6n mdn vd hodn thipn cdc ky ndng cdn thilt nhu gidng day va nghiSn ciiru khoa hpc, nhit la bdi cdnh h^i nh^p sdu vd rOng, each mang cdng nghe dien nhanh chdng Thfr hai, xdy d\mg bO tieu chudn nghl nghiep ciia gidng vien dai hpc; day m?nh cdng tdc ddo tao, boi duong, tu dao tao vd dao tao Iai doi vdi dpi ngu gidng vien d^i hpc nhdm ndng cao chat luong cua giang vien cd ve ndng Iuc chuyen mdn Ian kiln thirc, nghifip vu su pham Vd quan trpng Id cdc tieu chudn nghl nghiep phdi dupe the che hda bang cdc van ban quy dinh ciia moi trudng Ben canh dd, edn phdi quy dinh ea nhiing che lai ddi vdi nhffng giao vien khdng hoan chirc nang, nhiem vu cua minh, ddc biet vai ud Id mpt edn bd chii chdl Thu ba, ddy manh ddo tao ndng cao trinh dp d nude ngoai Viee cac giang vien di dao tao ndng cao trinh dp d nude ngodi la het sue can thiat nhdt la bdi canh hdi nhdp Dugc tiep xuc vdi mdi trudng lam viec, gidng day, nghien ciru chuyen nghiep se giiip cho cae gidng vien khdng nhiing cd them kien thii-c mdi, phuong phap Iam viec mdi ma cdn giup cho hp cd dugc tdm nhin va su phat trien ciia nganh, linh vye ma hp theo dudi; tir nhiJng gi hp tieh liiy duge qua trinh hoc tap va bdi dudng d nude ngoai se gitip cho chdt lugng giao due nude cd nhirng tien bd va nhanh chdng bat kjp cae nude tien tien Mudn vay, thi trude tien cac irudng dai hpc phdi cd chien luge dao tao, trau ddi ngoai ngir, va ban than cdc giang vien phai cd y thirc ty trau ddi cho minh k\ nang Cac trudng dai hpc can phai cd mdt chinh sach dao tao ngoai ngii ro rang va bat budc, va cac giang vien can phai cd Id trinh va cam kat de dat dugc nhiing tiau chuan va ngoai ngu nao dd Cac trudng ciing can cd chien lupc khai thac, hop lac cac hpc bdng dao tao, cung cap thdng tin, hudng dan tao dieu kien eho cac giang vien ed tha xin hpc bdng Ben canh dd, cac trudng can khuyen khich, cd cha dp dai ngd ddi vdi nhirng giang vien dang va da di hoc d nude ngoai Thir tu, ngoai bdi dudng chu\en mdn, thi cac giang vien (nhat la giang vien tre) can lu trau doi k> nang va nghiep vu su pham Giang vien dai hpc \ira la mdt nha khoa hoc viia la mot nha giao Vi the / Tap chi nghien cLifu Tai chinh ke toan (^06 VAN DE HOM NAY (167)-2017^ hp cdn cd kien thiic vd ndng luc su pham t6t, vira de giang dgy tren cuong vi cda minh viia cd thi biet duoc minh phai Idm gi vd Idm nhu thi nao cdn ndng cao chdt lupng d^y hpc D I ndng cao ky ndng gidng day thi ddi hdi cdc gidng vien cdn phdi phdi hgp nhieu hinh thiic, sii dyng Iinh hoat cdc phucmg phap day hpc tich cue, d§c biet cdn dp dung khoa hpc edng ngh6 vdo gidng day, Idm dl npi dung gidng day phai true quan, sinh ddng, gdn vdi thyc hanh, thyc lien, nhu vay mdi cd the nang cao duge ndng sudt vd chat lupng viec day va hpc Cac gidng vien cd the lya chpn cdc phuang phap giang day tieh eye phii hgp vdi chuyen mdn ciia minh nhu: giang day bang tinh hudng, thdo luan nhdm, kham phd, md phdng, dy an Thir nam, giang day va nghien eiiu can song hanh va tuong hd Day manh cdng tac nghien eihi khoa hoc cac co sd giao due dai hge, gdn nghien cuu khoa hpc vdi ddi mdi ndi dung, phuang phap giang day; xdy dyng nhdm nghien cuu nham tang cudng trao ddi hpc thuat, sang kien kinh nghiem nghien ciiu khoa hpc; to chiic vd khuyin khi'ch cdc gidng vi6n tham gia hdi nghj, hpi thdo khoa hpc vd ngodi nude nhdm Uao ddi kinh nghiem giang day va nghien ciiu khoa hpc Thii sau, bo sung, hodn thien co chi, chinh sdch dai ngp ddi vdi dpi ngu gidng vien tuong xiing vdi tich vd ndng luc cd nhdn; dieu chinh chinh saeh luang, phu cdp uu ddi, ca che ddi ngd phii hgp de cai thien ddi sdng vat chat va tinh thdn, tao dpng lye vd dieu kien cho dpi ngu giang vien nang eao nang Iuc, trinh dp Tai tipu tham khao: Bdo cdo Suphdt trien cua Hi ihong Gido due Dai hpc, Cdc gidi phdp ddm bdo vd ndng cao chdt lucmg ddo tao 29/10/2013 Ludt gido due Dai hgc, s6 08/2012/QH13 Nghl quyet so 14/2005/NQ-CP ngdy 02 Ihdng II ndm 2005 cua Chinhphu vi doi mdi ca bdn vd lodn dien gido due dai hoc Viet Nam giai dogn 2006 - 2020 Nguyen Vdn De "Gidi phdp ndng cao ndng luc dpi ngii gidng vien cdc Iru&ng dai hoc & viing DBSCL Irong hoi cdnh hoi nhdp ", Tap chi khoa hoc 2009 NGHIEN CUU PHUONG PHAP PHAN PHOI THU NHAP Qriqi • ^^y ^hu nhap tang them eho can bd, vian chirc xep ngach giang vien hang 1, II, III lam cdng tac quan ly nam (xem cdng thire 5) Viec xac djnh quy thu nhap tang them theo phucmg phap de xuat neu tran dam bao quy djnh ciia phap iuat ddng thdi khuyen khich can bo, vien chiic tai cac dan vi sy nghiep cdng lap tiat kiem chi phi, tang ngudn thu Sau xae djnh quy thu nhap tang them, cdng viec tiep theo dat ddi vdi trudng dai hpc cdng lap la nghien eim phuong phap sir dung quy, thyc hien phan phdi quy thu nhap tang them den limg can bd, vien ehire dan vi Quan han, cac trudng dai hpc can chii ddng da dang hda \a tang cudng ngudn thu ciia don vi thdng qua day manh xa hpi hoa, lien doanh lien kit ddy manh hgp tac qude tc giao due dao lao va nghien cim khoa hoc; manh dan xay dyng \a ddi mdi co che hoat dpng ciia irudng, g^n lgi \ch \ at chat vdi hicu qua hoat ddng Ben canh dd, cac ca quan quan ly ticp tuc hoan thien cac khudn khd phap ly \ c lu chii cho cac Irutmg dai hoc tiap (Xem tiep trang 67) luc tao mpi diau kien thuan lgi tang them ngudn thu, qua dd tao ngudn thu nhap tang them, ddng vien khuyen khich dpi ngii Ianh dao, giang vian tiap tuc cong hian, gdp phan edng vao cdng eudc ddi mdi sy nghiep giao due eiia dat nude Tai lieu tham khao: Chinh phi{ (2015), Nghi dinh so 16/2015/ND-CP ngdy 14/02/2015 ve quy dinh co chi tu chii ciia dan vi sir nghiep cong lap, Chinh phu (2014) N^hi quyel so 77/NQ-CP ngdy 24/10/2014 ve thi diem doi mat ca che hoat dong doi vai cdc ca sa gido due dai hoc cong Igp giai doan 2014 2017, Anh Cu&ng Nguyen Thi Mai (2005), Huang ddn xdy dung thang bang luang vd quy che trd Immg iheo che dd tien luimg in&i Nhd xudt bdn Lao dong Xa hoi HdNoi, Quy che chi lieu noi bo ciia Truang Dai hoc Bach Khoa - TPIICM Tru&ng Dai hoc Cdn Tho Trui'rng Dai hoc Y Hd NOI Tru&ng Dai hoc Kmh te TPHCM Truong Dai hoc Mo - Dia chdt TS PhamThi VdnAnh (2017) Co io phdp h'\ L'lu i hu Idl chinh gido due dai hoc vd cdc vdn de ddi Tap chi Ten chinh ky ihdng '2017 Tap chi nghien cufu Tai chinh ke toan ... vian day 1.000 tiet /nam quy dinh la 260 tiet /nam Tinh trang qua tai gid day dien lien tue thdi gian dai khian cho rat nhieu GVDH khdng cdn thdi gian danh cho hpc tap nang cao trinh dp chuyen... vaNCKH III Gidi phap ndng cao nang lue giang vien lai ede Irutmg dai hpc if Viet Nam Mac dii da dat dugc nhieu tuu, gdp phan cung cap hang trieu nhan lire cd trinh dp cao lam ndng cdt phuc vu... hda va hpi nhap quoc le Do \a\ vide nang cao nang lire giang vian duoc coi la giai phap dpi pha viae nang cao chat lugng dao tao ngudn nhan iuc De nang cao nang luc giang \ian \a chu>en mdn, ky